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Passive Optical LAN Design

Matt MillerPrincipal Systems Engineer, LeidosPhone: 443.994.6456 | Email: matt.miller@leidos.com

After successfully completing this course, you should be able to:• Describe the basic architecture and design of a Passive Optical LAN (POL)• Identify the benefits of a Passive Optical LAN (POL)• Identify key market verticals for the application of POL• Identify the applications of POL and those scenarios that are not an appropriate fit for the

technology• Identify the various types of optical splitters and their principles of operation• Identify the various types of optical connector types and connector housings• Understand and calculate optical loss budgets

Objectives

Agenda

• Background

• Passive Optical LAN (POL)– Overview– PON and POL

Connectivity– Cost Reviews– Benefits

• PON Communication

• POL Components

• POL Implementations

• Optical Budgets

• POL Design

• POL Testing

• Questions and Discussion

Background

Background: Legacy Infrastructureis Reaching Its Limits

Overall Challenges• Incremental evolution• Will become obsolete in

5 to 10 years• Increasing cost of cabling

and electronics• Difficult to plan for the

“next” technology• High power, space, and

cooling costs• Unrealized ROI

Background: Passive Optical Networking (PON)

PON grew out of a need by telecom carriers for:• More bandwidth

• Higher subscriber density

• Replace aging copper infrastructures

• Reduce power requirements and O&M costs

Proven Technology:• First standards developed in 1995• ITU and IEEE standards-based• Billions of dollars invested in perfecting

PON technology• Fiber optic broadband subscribers

surpass cable subscribers• Global GPON revenue increased 33%

from 2011 to reach $3.2 billion*• Over 126 million fiber optic broadband

subscribers worldwide**• Fiber optic broadband subscribers are

expected to reach 265 million by 2019**

* Source: Broadband Trends, February 2013** Source: ABI Research, May 2014

Passive Optical LAN (POL)

Overview

Passive Optical LAN (POL): Overview

Globally standardized transport solution for PON technology• Enhanced data security and near-zero

TEMPEST emanations

• Highly flexible and scalable

• Centralized and secure administration

Converges voice, data, and video on to a single fiber• Improved reliability

• Reduced installation time and costs

• Reduced overall lifecycle operating costs

• Greatly enhanced network performance

No electronics between the data center and end user for many miles• Eliminates workgroup switches in the riser closets• As future technology evolves only the endpoints need upgrading• Maximizes return on investment (ROI)

POL is GREEN IT• Reduces and efficiently disperses power• Reduces specialized cooling requirements• Reduces space requirements

Application of the underlying technology…

PON and POL Connectivity

Passive Optical LAN (POL): Connectivity with PON

Passive Optical LAN (POL): Connectivity

Cost Review

Passive Optical LAN (POL): Cost Review

Franklin Center• Active Ethernet vs. POL:

Project Summary and Cost Analysis

• 7-story office building• Approximately 200,000

square feet• Approximately 105 IP

endpoints per floor

Active Ethernet Cost:Per Floor (2 per floor)

Equipment Cost

Fiber backbone and patch panel $850

CAT 5e UTP (Qty 360) avg. 50m $54,000

Two 48 port and one 24 port Cisco 3750G switch $25,000

3 meter patch cables (qty. 360) and cable management hardware

$1,850

3000 VA UPS $1,300

HVAC $8,000

Closet construction (100 sq. ft. @ $150 per sq. ft.)

$15,000

Installation labor $21,150

Annual power consumption @ $0.125 per KWhr

$3,066 (per year)

$127,150 (per floor)

$890,050

POL Cost: Data Center

Equipment Cost

48 Volt DC Rectifier $2,500

48 PON OLT with 16 Gbps Uplinks $91,292

Fusion spliced fiber riser frame $12,408

Fiber cable jumpers $1,045

3000 VA Uninterruptible Power Supply

$1,300

$113,845

Equipment Cost

$399,770

$57,110 (per floor)

Per Floor POL Cost

Ribbon riser cable $860

Fiber distribution hubs $13,985

Reduced bend fiber drops $6,840

3m fiber jumpers $2,194

Optical network terminals $21,681

Installation Cost Summary: Active vs. Passive

Active Ethernet POL

Per floor $127,150 $57,110

Data center – $113,845

Entire 7-story building $890,050 $513,615

42%SAVINGS

Benefits

Benefits: Removing the Active Distribution Layer

• Reduces installation and O&M costs

• Eliminates riser closets

• Eliminates dedicated cooling

• Reduces and efficiently disperses power

• Eases movement of users within the environment

• Eliminates a troubleshooting and maintenance component

• Eliminates cross-connects

• Reduces the cost of dispatching techs

Benefits: Secure Architecture

• 128 bit AES encryption• Minimal TEMPEST concerns• Standards driven interfaces• Out-of-band management• Remote software upgrades• No administration ports on ONTs

PON Communication: Supported Voice

Supported voice systems• Native analog capabilities (POTS)

using SIP

• Supports FAX and modem requirements

• Remote troubleshooting tools

• Integration with Class 5 or Enterprise switch via SIP or H.248

• Enterprise VoIP with 802.3at Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Components – Hardware and Optics

Components: Optical Line Terminals (OLT)

Scalable integrated platforms• 800 Gbps to 8.6 Tbps backplane• 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps PON ports• Hot swappable card slots• Pluggable optics (SFP, SFP+, XFP)• Available as a fully redundant configuration• Carrier-class reliability (99.999% uptime)• Scalable integrated platforms

Unmatched density• Up to 64 GPON or GEPON Ports per OLT

– 192 PONs per 7’ rack (3 OLTs)– Serves 6,144 ONTs per 7’ rack

• Up to 16, 10Gbps GEPON PONs per OLT– 48 10G PONs per 7’ rack (3 OLTs)– Serves 1,536 10G ONTs per 7’ rack

Robust Network Management• VLAN and 802.1x support• Multi-level queuing QoS support• IPv6 compatible

Components – Large OLT Models

• Chassis-Based• Fully Redundant• Up to 112 PON Ports• Thousands of ONTs• DC Powered

Components – Small OLT Models

• AC and DC Power• Small Chassis and

Standalone• Small Office/Field Office• 4 to 16 PON Ports• Hundreds of ONTs

Components – OLT Uplinks

•Standard Ethernet uplinks to core•Uplinks typically 1G or 10G pluggable optics•VLANs trunked into uplink ports•Class C+ optics featureup to 32dB

Components – OLT PON Ports

•From 4 to 112 PON ports per OLT•Each PON port typically serves 32 ONTs

= Thousands of ONTs per OLT!•Typically SFP based•Class C+ optics feature 32dB loss budget

Components – OLT Redundancy

Typically Redundant•Power•Backplane•Management•Switch fabric•Uplinks

Sometimes Redundant• PON Ports• PON Cards• Entire OLT

Break – 15 Minutes

Components: Fiber Zone Box (Replaces Workgroup Switches and Riser Closets)

• All passive; rapid install• No electronics (no switches, UPS, Access Control

Systems)• Installs in 2x2 foot ceiling grid or wall mount• 96 ONTs per zone box• Lockable cabinet• Houses optical splitters• “Set and forget”• Completely connectorized• Lower facilities costs

– No power or cooling required– Less space– Riser closets can be eliminated

Components: Optical Network Terminal (ONT)Variety of interface options• 2 POTS ports (SIP to Analog Conversion)• 1 to 24 10/100/1000 BASE-T Ethernet ports

Full remote management features• Per-port service activation and diagnostics• Hardware, software, and service inventory• Bandwidth provisioning in 64 Kbps increments

Power over Ethernet (PoE) Injection ONT• 4 PoE or 16 ports to power VoIP phones, wireless access

points, and security cameras• 4, 8, 12, 16 or 24 10/100/1000 BASE-T Interfaces• Optional integrated UPS power supply provides up to two

hours of battery backup• Allows per-port administration of PoE wattage• Maximum 30 watts of PoE

Components – ONT Models

• Large variety of ONTs available

• AC and DC power options

• Desk-mount, In-wall, and Rack-mount

• Battery backup

• Match interfaces to user needs:

• Ethernet Ports with PoE• POTS Ports• Coaxial Television• Wi-Fi

Components – ONT Connections

What Can I Connect?

• PCs• Thin Clients• VoIP Phones• POTS Phones• Wireless Access Points• Coaxial Cable TV• IPTV

• Access Control• Security Cameras• Building Management Systems• Biometric Sensors

• Anything with an Ethernet, POTS, or Coax Interface!

Components – ONT Compatibility

•EPON and GPON are not compatible•Different manufactures typically do not interoperate•Within the standards, some manufacturers have additional features – especially EPON

Components – ONT Security

•ONT security design to assume the ONT is in the hands of the adversary

•ONT does not function without OLT•Usually no management ports on ONT•ONT receives all programming from OLT

Power Considerations

•ONTs report a loss of power or loss of service•ONTs can be powered via AC or DC•Battery backups for high availability•PoE for devices that need it

Components - Video

•Laser Transmitter – Electrical to Optical 1550nm Conversion

•EDFA – Amplifies Optical Signal up to 18 – 21dBm

•WDM – Combines Wavelengths

Components - Video

•Laser Transmitter•EDFA•RF Nodes•RFoG/two-way

Components – DC Power

•Most OLTs use -48V DC Power

•Same power used in telco central offices

•Rectifiers required to convert AC to DC

•Properly ground your equipment!

Components – DC Power

•Redundant Inputs•Redundant Outputs•Redundant Rectifiers•Fuse or Circuit Breaker Protection

•Network Management•Basically an external power supply!

Centralized Management

Management Systems

•Systems included standard CLI and EMS•Application and Web/Mobile•GUI is more important in PON than legacy networksDensity is far greater!

•ONTs are an extension of the OLT

Profiles & Templates

•Create a standard profile or template for your services

•Apply that profile or template to many ONTs at once!

Management Systems

•Alarming and Notification•Bandwidth Monitoring•Central OLT & ONT Upgrades•MAC Searches•VLAN Member Reports

Bandwidth Management

•Bandwidth Management is Built-in!•Guarantee every user bandwidth

– Set a committed rate– Committed rates cannot exceed capacity of any

link in the system•Manage additional bandwidth as you desire

– Set a peak rate

Bandwidth ManagementCommitted rates cannot

exceed capacity of any link in the system

Managing All The Same Things

•VLANs•PoE•QoS•LLDP•Network Access Control

The same things you manage today…

Standards – IEEE vs. ITU

• ITU and IEEE have separate standards for PON•Both standards use the same passive infrastructure (fiber & splitters)

•The only difference is the electronics

Popular Standards Comparison

EPON GPON

Standard IEEE 802.3ah ITU G.984

Speed 1Gbps Symmetrical 2.4Gbps Down / 1.2 GbpsUp

Framing Ethernet (mostly native) GEMS Encapsulation

Wavelengths 1490nm/1310nm 1490nm/1310nm

DynamicBandwidth Optional Vendor Specific Built-in

Encryption Optional Vendor Specific AES-128 Downstream

Standards Timeline

2009 – 10G EPON Standard Approved (10G)

2012 – Extended EPON Task Force Formed

2004 – EPON Standard Approved (1G)

19951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014

1995 – APON Standard Introduced (155M)

1999 – BPON Standard Approved (622M/155M)

2003 – GPON Standard Approved (2.4G/1.2G)

2010 – XGPON1 Standard Approved (10G/2.5G)

IEEE ITU

Converging Standards

• IEEE and ITU working to converge standards in future generations

•10G EPON and XGPON use same PHYs

Future Standards

•EPON/GPON Networks can co-exist on the same fiber & splitters as 10G EPON/XGPON Networks

•10G EPON and XGPON use same PHYs•IEEE and ITU working to converge standards in future generations

•Next standards may combine multiple wavelengths in each direction for additional bandwidth

Complimentary Wavelengths

EPON/GPON1490nm Down / 1310nm Up

10G EPON/XGPON1577nm Down / 1270nm Up

RF Video1550nm Down

Migration to 10G

• 10G PON can coexist on the same fiber as GPON• Bandwidths available as 10G Downstream and 10G/2.5G/1G Upstream• Uses same infrastructure/splitters as GPON• Casual migration – upgrade only the ONTs that you want

545454

2.5Gbps/1.25Gbps1490nm/1310nm

10G PON ONT

GPONOLT GPON ONT

10G PONOLT 10Gbps/10Gbps

1577nm/1270nm

Fiber Optic vs. Copper Cable in the Horizontal

Riser Rated CablesTIER 1

Vendor Bend Insensitive Fiber

TIER 1Vendor Category

5e UTP

TIER 1Vendor Category

6a UTP10G distance 40 km 45 m 100 m

Cable OD 2.9 mm 5.7 mm 7.5 mm

Weight 4 lb./1,000 ft. 22 lb./1,000 ft. 39 lb./1,000 ft.

Minimum Bend Radius 5 mm 22.8 mm 30 mm

Tensile strength(installation) 48 lbf 25 lbf 25 lbf

Fiber Optic Benefit

Bend Insensitive Fiber: saves time and money

POL Implementations

Project Overview• First POL installation … anywhere• Commercial contract servicing the federal government and

contractor Intelligence Community• Over 6,000 GPON Ethernet ports deployed in a multi-tenant

SCIF environment with multiple classifications (VoIP and thin/thick clients)

• One data center can support the entire business park; 17 buildings are planned

POL Implementations

Project Overview• Global Fortune® 225 Company – Americas HQs• Approximately 1 million sq. ft. (main building and

2 parking garages)• Planned growth for another 200,000 sq. ft.• 1,500 employees• Planned growth for another 750• Nearly 12,000 GPON Ethernet ports

Integrated Technologies over GPON:• VoIP (PCs tethered through phone)• Security

– Access control– Biometrics– Cameras (main building and parking)– Virtual turnstiles– Blue phones in parking garage

• 480 WAPs• Building automation/environmental controls• IP Video/digital signage content distribution

Project Highlights• $1 million in CAPEX savings• Estimated $240,000/year in energy savings (56%

savings)• Estimated $370,000/year in Cisco® Smartnet savings

POL Summary of Benefits

Revolutionizes network architectures• No electronics between the data center and end

user for many miles

• Eliminates workgroup switches and riser closets

• Standardized, centralized, and secure administration

• Greatly enhanced data security

• As future technology evolves only the endpoints need upgrading

Converges voice, data, and video on to a single transport• Improved reliability

• Reduced installation costs

• Reduced operating costs

POL is GREEN IT• Reduces and efficiently disperses

power• Reduces space requirements• Reduces specialized cooling

requirements

POL training & certifications are availableGradual migration path for moving from present to future ITIMaximized overall ROI

Break for Lunch – 90 Minutes

Fiber Optic Cabling

Jumper Cables− Reduced Bend Radius Fiber− Single Mode− Simplex− SC/APC Connectors

Horizontal Cables− Reduced Bend Radius Fiber− Single Mode− Plenum Rated− Simplex− SC/APC Connectors

Riser Cables− Single Mode− MPO Connectorized− 12 Strand (12-fiber Ribbons)− Terminated on fiber cartridge

Fiber Cable Types

Optical Budget Considerations

Maximum loss for a GPON is 28 dB. Launch power (1.5 to 5 dBm), optical

degradation and receiver sensitivity (-27 to -8 dBm) are primary factors in PON considerations

Splitters, fiber, splice and connector losses (dirty connectors) are the primary factors that affect the optical degradation/loss

Downstream signal is at 1490 nm; upstream at 1310 nm Other wavelengths: 1550 and 1590

Since the optical loss is greater at 1310 nm, loss calculations are normally made at 1310 nm

Distance is a function of available light level

Max GPON distance per ITU standards is 20 Km (12.5 miles) although some low-split designs can allow in excess of 40 miles

Laser Safety

The systems use Class 1 Lasers− Lowest risk of eye damage− Exposure is minimal under normal conditions

Light wavelengths are between 1310 and 1590 nm (invisible to the eye) Always assume there is light on the fiber Cap all un-terminated cables Point connectors downward when working with cables Never touch exposed fiber connectors tips

Optical Splitters

•Splitters provide optical connections in pairs•Each 1x2 split equates to ½ of the optical power•Splitters range from 1x2 up to 1x64 splitters•1x32 is the most common split ratio for POL

A single PON port on the OLT connects to only one single-mode fiber

1x2 (3 to 4 dB loss)

Optical Splitters

1x4 (7 to 8 dB loss)

Optical Splitters

A single PON port on the OLT connects to only one single-mode fiber 1x8 (11 to 12 dB loss)

Optical Splitters

A single PON port on the OLT connects to only one single-mode fiber 1x16 (12 to 14 dB loss)

Optical Splitters

1x32 (16 to 18 dB loss)

Demonstration: PON Power Meter

+3dBm Output from OLT Measurements from OLT and ONT throughout OTN -12 to -22 dBm at ONT

• PON in Detail• PON to Passive Optical LAN• Deployment Methodologies• Splitters• Fiber Cable Types• Fiber Connector Types• Splicing

Agenda

• OSP Considerations• Splitter Deployment

Methodologies• Fiber Deployment• Fiber Loss and Budgeting• ONT Deployment Methodologies

BPON – (Broadband PON) is an older version of PON technology which is based on ITU specifications and is characterized by an asymmetrical 622 Mbps downstream and a 155 Mpbs upstream optical line rate. Earlier versions of Verizon’s FiOS™ offering in the U.S. are based on BPON but more recent implementations of FiOS use GPON technology.

GPON – (Gigabit PON) is the latest ITU specified PON network and is characterized by a 2.4 Gbps downstream and a 1.25 Gbps upstream optical line rate. A few GPON manufacturers are beginning to release 10Gbps downstream/2.4 GbpsUpstream PON cards and ONTs which are described under the ITU specification G.987. The first significant commercial deployments of GPON began in early 2008. Most carrier implementations of GPON are in the U.S. however it is beginning to proliferate in European markets as well.

EPON – (Gigabit Ethernet PON or GEPON) is an IEEE standards based PON system characterized by a symmetrical 1.25 Gbps optical line rate. EPON is the predominant PON solution since it has been commercially available since 2001. GEPON has been primarily deployed in Asian Pacific markets. Recently, 10Gbit/s EPON or 10G-EPON was ratified as an amendment (IEEE 802.3av) in the IEEE 802.3 standard and provides for an asymmetrical 10 Gbps downstream/1 Gbpsupstream rate as well as a symmetrical 10 Gbps rate.

WDM PON – (Wave Division Multiplexing PON) is an emerging technology which leverages the optical advances of dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) to provide a dedicated wavelength to a single ONT. Implementations range from “tunable” optics which must be matched to the ONT’s optics to a dynamic optical locking capability which automatically assigns a wavelength to the ONT at the ranging phase. WDM PONs utilize an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to multiplex up to 32 wavelengths of light onto a single fiber in the same way a passive optical splitter does. Unlike a typical optical splitter however, an AWG utilizes a phase shift in the optical light to provide an output on each fiber that only receives a certain wavelength of light.

Current PON Types

Passive Optical Networks (PON) are standards-based communication architectures. There are literally tens of millions of subscribers utilizing PON for voice, video and data service (known as "triple play" service). PON networks rely on wave division multiplexing (WDM) and lasers to provide triple play services in an efficient and future proof service offering.

PON in Detail - Overview

Multiple wavelengths over the same physical strand of glass

Wavelengths do not interfere with each other

Allows multiple discreet communications

WDM Methodology

"WDM operating principle" by Xens - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WDM_operating_principle.svg#mediaviewer/File:WDM_operating_principle.svg

WDM in PON

The OLT transmits a signal downstream that all of the ONTs receive (point-to-multipoint). In the downstream direction, the information is broadcast on a specific color (wavelength) of laser light. The information is encoded into digital form and given a specific address that matches a specific ONT. The ONT that matches the address receives the signal and forwards the information to the end-user Ethernet port as depicted below.

Downstream Communication

Upstream CommunicationSince many ONTs are placed on the same fiber, each with their own laser, upstream communications must be coordinated so that they do not interfere with each other. This is done by synchronizing the ONTs and requiring each to send information to the OLT (Upstream) in a specific time window (TDM).

Additionally, an analog signal can be injected onto the same PON fiber, using yet another color of light (WDM techniques). This is called an overlay and is generally used to carry broadcast TV to the user’s location. As with data and voice propagation, the light is a different color and therefore does not interfere with the other signals being carried on the fiber cable.

RF Video

1. Video Source (Coax)2. Laser Transmitter3. Erbium Doped Fiber

Amplifier (EDFA)4. WDM

RF Video

From OLT to Splitter OLT is typically SC/UPC Splitter is typically SC/APC

From the OLT toward the splitters connect fiber feeder network. This is simply the individual fibers which connect to the OLT's PON ports. The typical number of feeder fibers is 4 to 112 per OLT depending on the type and whether the chassis is fully equipped with PON cards..

Feeder Fiber

The term "passive" in Passive Optical Network refers to the fact that the splitter requires no power as opposed to an "active" device like the OLT or switches an a traditional network. The splitter serves to optically replicate upstream signals to a number of downstream fibers. The typical number of fibers served in a PON network is 32. As the splitter provides a replicated optical signal to all 32 subscribers downstream, it is simultaneously combining those 32 fibers into a single feeder fiber in the upstream direction. Consequently the optical splitter is sometimes referred to as a splitter/combiner. The splitter will be housed in a number of form factors.

Optical Splitter

The portion of the fiber network downstream of the optical splitter is known as the distribution fiber. The distribution portion of a PON represents those individual subscriber connections that extend from the FDH to the ONT. They may be bundled together over distances in a group of fibers (again, typically 32 fibers) or they may extend as individual drops to serve a small number of locations. The distribution fibers are quite appropriately referred to as the “last mile” in a service provider network. It is important to note that the distribution portion of a PON network may contain other passive components for terminating and organizing fibers.

Distribution Fiber

Distribution Fiber - Outdoor

Indoor MDU Fiber Distribution Terminal (FDT)

Outdoor FDT for Aerial Installs Indoor/Outdoor FDT

Demonstration on connectivity

Components – Hands On

Reduce Operations & Maintenance (O&M) by reduced the amount of equipment managed− ONTs are managed by the OLT!

No powered devices in the middle of the network− Same location as user

Co-locate OLT with other IT gear− Same location as other gear

OLT handles activation, administration, and provision No administration ports on ONTs No replacement of cabling in 5-10 years All of these benefits make it possible to significantly reduce the operations and

maintenance of a large campus network, helping owners realize a rapid return on investment.

Centralized Administration

Carrier-Class Very high MTBF 99.999% (Five 9’s) reliability Redundancy throughout

− Power− Backplane− Switch Fabric− Management− PON Ports/Cards− Feeder Fibers

No modification of data center services – access only

Inherent Reliability

Encryption Authentication TEMPEST Standards Central Administration

Enhanced Security

Superior Performance Fiber offers far greater bandwidth and distance Single generation of fiber has outlasted and outperformed seven generations of copper cable

Ease of Installation Fiber has become increasingly easier to install – while copper has become even more complex, attempting to keep up with

performance demands No shielding is required to protect fiber optic cables from electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference

(RFI) Fiber optic cables are easier to test and certify

Unmatched Security Significantly harder to tap into than copper and not vulnerable to EMI Fiber is inherently safer at keeping information secure

Easier Upgrades Replace only the electronics, rather than replacing the entire infrastructure Minimize your network downtime during expansions and upgrades

Smaller Footprint Much smaller size Lighter in weight than copper cables providing the same capacity

Fiber Optic Cabling

Microbends and Macrobends A microbend is a small, microscopic bend that may be caused by the cabling process

itself, packaging, installation, or mechanical stress due to water in the cable during repeated freeze and thaw cycles. External forces are also a source of microbends. An external force deforms the cable jacket surrounding the fiber, but causes only a small bend in the fiber. A microbend typically changes the path that propagating modes take, resulting in loss from increased attenuation as the light is absorbed into the fiber cladding.

A macrobend is a larger cable bend that can be seen with the unaided eye and is often reversible. As the macrobend occurs, the radius can become too small and allow light to escape the core and enter the cladding. The result is insertion loss at best and, in worse cases, the signal is decreased or completely lost. Both microbends and macrobends can, however, be reduced and even prevented through proper fiber handling and routing.

Reduced Bend Radius Fiber

Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitter More Expensive Uniform Output Most appropriate for outdoor use Manufacturing

1. Waveguide used to split the optical signal is fabricated using a silicon dioxide chip.2. Involves a lithographic process similar to that used in the manufacture of silicon computer chips. PLC splitters

provide the most uniformity between fiber outputs (the downstream fibers) with respect to the amount of optical loss measured on each fiber.

Best choice when loss is critical

PLC Splitter

Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) splitter Lower Cost Typically less uniform from fiber to fiber. Manufacturing

1. Thermally fused two overlapping fibers together under tension2. The resulting fusion splice creates a two by two splitter.3. Typically, one of these fiber connections is trimmed off and the result is a single fiber subtending to two fibers.4. These two fiber outputs can then be fused to additional one-by-two splitters until the desired number of splits

is achieved.

Used where extreme temperature variations or other environmental factors are not likely to cause the optics connected at the ends of the fiber to drift from their optimum wavelength specifications.

FBT Splitter

2 Inputs 2 to 64 Outputs Second Input Allows

− Redundant feeders/PON Ports/PON Cards/OLTs− Easier Migration to 10G− Flexibility for the Future

2xN Splitters

Break – 15 Minutes

IDFs Zones Fiber Terminals OSP Hybrid

Deployment Methodologies

Splitters are rack-mounted or installed in fiber housing modules Fiber is terminated on patch panels Rack-Mount ONTs may be co-located for special use situations

Replaces the IDF Provides maximum ROI for POL Accepts feeder/riser fiber Houses splitters Location for cross-connects Termination for horizontal distribution fiber

Fiber Zone Hub

Adds flexibility to horizontal distribution Uses multi-strand cable from splitter to terminal Provides patch point closer to users Additional Cost

Fiber Terminals

OSP options can be mixed with LAN options Be careful of mixing manufacturer product lines Many options due to PON history in

telecommunications

OSP Deployment

Some deployments choosing hybrid deployments Hybrid Ideas

− Keep IDFs for rack-mount ONTs, but use fiber zone hubs

− Put ONTs in active zone box and run category cabling to user

− Use 100% rack-mount ONTs in retrofit scenario

Hybrid Deployments

SC/APC is default standard in PON networks− Allows for insertion of broadcast video− Easy to handle− Works well with simplex fiber

SC/UPC and LC (UPC and APC) also used

Fiber Connectors

Ultra Physical Contact Connectors (UPC)− Blue

Angled Physical Connectors (APC)− Green

APC and UPC

APC connectors reduce reflectance

Reduce damage to transmitters and amplifiers

High Return Loss = Good

APC and UPC

Fusion Splicing− Up-front cost or Rental− Low Loss

Mechanical Splicing− Higher Loss− More difficult on APC− More cost per termination

Terminations - Splicing

Single Splitter One splitter in the Optical Distribution Network All splitter loss is at one location Works for 99% of POL deployments

Splitter Deployment

Cascaded Splits Used when end users are geographically dispersed Campus out-buildings Loss from splitters in path must be summed

Engineered Splits Loss may favor a particular output

Splitter Deployment

Optical Budget

Maximum loss for a GPON is 28 dB (32 dB with C+ Optics).

Launch power (1.5 to 5 dBm), optical degradation and receiver sensitivity (-27 to -8 dBm) are primary factors in PON considerations

Splitters, fiber, splice and connector losses (dirty connectors) are the primary factors that affect the optical degradation/loss

Downstream signal is at 1490 nm; upstream at 1310 nm Other wavelengths: 1550 and

1590 10G adds additional

wavelengths Since the optical loss is greater

at 1310 nm, loss calculations are normally made at 1310 nm

Distance is a function of available light level

Optical Budget Scenario

Optical Level TestingTypical Test Points in a Passive Optical LAN

Output at OLT: 1490nm @ ~ +3dBm

Testing for Bad PON SFP/OLT Fault At Splitter Outputs:

1490nm @ -11dBm to -24dBm Testing for optical loss issue between OLT and splitter output

1310nm @ -10dBm to 0dBm Testing for optical loss issue between splitter and ONT

At ONT: 1490nm @ -12dBm to -25dBm

Testing for optical loss issue between OLT and ONT 1310nm @ ~ 0dBm

Testing for ONT failure

Desktop− Free-standing or desk-mounted

Active Zone Box Rack Mount In-wall

ONT Deployment Options

Most Common Inexpensive Many options Acceptance Required Requires Power

ONT Deployment - Desktop

Solution for WAPs, Security Cameras, Wall Phones, ONT is secured Power Required

ONT Deployment – Rack-Mount

Fewer Aesthetic Concerns Power Considerations

− Remote or Local? Additional Installation Requirements and complexity Should be deployed in specific areas only:

− Conference centers− Areas with sensitive aesthetic concerns− Areas subject to frequent furniture reconfiguraiton

ONT Deployment – In-Wall

− Ceiling Box− Wall Box− Floor Box

Special Situations ONT is secured Power Required

ONT Deployment – Ceiling/Wall/Floor

Meets customer requirements Provides a value to the customer:

Reduced Cost Power/Space/Cooling Performance Longevity

Is not overly complex Makes customer happy!

Good Design Summary

Challenge – Determine the quantity of each component required for Passive Optical LAN design

Assumptions:1. Using pre-terminated fiber throughout2. Zone Box architecture – maximum 96 fibers per zone3. 12-Strand Riser/Feeder to each zone4. No overbuild/sparing5. OLT is located in basement

Design Scenario Challenge

Building Design Summary

Incomplete Bill of Materials

Fill in Quantities

FloorTotal Lit

FiberFibers

without ONTFibers

With ONTBasement 22 7 15

1st 63 12 512nd 57 9 483rd 67 15 52

Totals: 209 43 166

Category Description UnitBasement

Qty1st Floor

Qty2nd Floor

Qty3rd Floor

OLT Jumper Simplex SC/APC-SC/UPC 3MM OFNP SMF-28e 10FT EA

Riser Fiber Rack Mount Fiber Shelf EA

Riser Fiber MPO Trunk 12 Strand SMF-28e Plenum 175FT EA

Riser Fiber 12-Fiber MPO-SC/APC Cassette Module EA

Zone Box 1X32 Splitter SC/APC Input/Output with Tails EA

Zone Box Fiber Zone Hub EA

Zone Box Fiber Zone Hub Installation Kit EA

Zone Box 12 PORT PANEL SC/APC Simplex Cassette Module EA

Horizontal Fiber Simplex SC/APC-SC/APC 3MM OFNP SMF-28E 75FT EA

Faceplate Single Gang Faceplate with Simplex SC/APC Connector EA

ONT Jumper Simplex SC/APC-SC/APC 3MM OFNP SMF-28e 10 FT EA

Assumptions:1. Using pre-terminated fiber throughout2. Zone Box architecture – maximum 96 fibers per zone3. 12-Strand Riser/Feeder to each zone4. No overbuild/sparing5. OLT is located in basement

Design Scenario Challenge

FloorTotal Lit

FiberFibers

without ONTFibers

With ONTBasement 22 7 15

1st 63 12 512nd 57 9 483rd 67 15 52

Totals: 209 43 166

Design Scenario AnswersCategory Description Unit

Basement Qty

1st Floor Qty

2nd Floor Qty

3rd Floor Qty

OLT Jumper Simplex SC/APC-SC/UPC 3MM OFNP SMF-28e 10FT EA 1 3 2 3

Riser Fiber Rack Mount Fiber Shelf EA 1 0 0 0

Riser Fiber MPO Trunk 12 Strand SMF-28e Plenum 175FT EA 0 1 0 0

Riser Fiber 12-Fiber MPO-SC/APC Cassette Module EA 3 1 1 1

Zone Box 1X32 Splitter SC/APC Input/Output with Tails EA 1 3 2 3

Zone Box Fiber Zone Hub EA 0 1 1 1

Zone Box Fiber Zone Hub Installation Kit EA 0 1 1 1

Zone Box 12 PORT PANEL SC/APC Simplex Cassette Module EA 2 6 5 6

Horizontal Fiber Simplex SC/APC-SC/APC 3MM OFNP SMF-28E 75FT EA 3 3 2 4

Faceplate Single Gang Faceplate with Simplex SC/APC Connector EA 22 63 57 67

ONT Jumper Simplex SC/APC-SC/APC 3MM OFNP SMF-28e 10 FT EA 15 51 48 52

What challenges have you seen?

What problems have you seen POL solve?

Design Questions

Questions and Discussion

Thank You!

Contact Information

Matt MillerPrincipal Systems Engineer, LeidosPhone: 443.994.6456 | Email: matt.miller@leidos.com

passive optical lan design - bicsi · passive optical lan design matt miller principal systems...

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