participation schemas: a tool to characterize collaborative participation
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Participation SchemasA tool to characterize
Collaborative Participation
Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemasOther stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH2
• nth revision of Arnstein ladder of citizen participation
• Identify the most important dimensions of a participatory initiative, standardizing their graphic representation
• Framework for the analysis, design and comparison of participatory cases and methods.
• Pragmatic compromise between complexity, utility and versatility
• Support the critical and comparative evaluation of participatory projects and initiatives by raising awareness about their strengths and weakneses
What are Participatory Schemasβeta
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
1. WHAT – Intensity of Collaboration6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration
3. Advisement2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress
Collaborative Participation
3. WHERE – Institutionalization level: 1. Low: "Sporadic“, "Episodic“2. Medium: "Periodic“, "Continuous" 3. High: “Functional Inst.” and “Organic Inst.”
Non- Participation
Consultative Participation
--
Conflict
Transparency Cliff
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemas
2. WHEN – Phases (ex. Policy Cycle):1. Agenda Setting2. Policy Formulation3. Decision Making4. Policy Implementation5. Monitoring and evaluation
4. WHO – Actors involvement:1. Type: Political, Corporate, Civil Society, Others2. Stakes & Special Roles:
- Affected, Interested, Participant, Influencer - Decision maker, Promoter, Facilitator
3. Selection methods: - Inclusiveness, Representativeness, Self-selection, Others
5. HOW – Deliberativeness & Transparency:1. None 1.
None2. Low 2.
Low3. Medium 3.
Medium4. High 4.
High
βeta
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
2005: My year in the ‘Land of Light’
4
• Applied research on how to use ICT to improve local participation
• Got involved in the introduction of… Participatory Budgeting!!!
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH5
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative
6
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH7
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingdeliberative
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetingmanipulative
- Conceptual negligence
- Execution negligence
- Design negligence
- Dificulties
8
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
9
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
PARTICIPATORYBUDGETIN
G?10(Karsten 2011, Brodie et al. 2009, Cornwall 2008)
Participation models’ maze
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
DoxaPlato
EpistemeXXI Century Social Sciences?
Aristotle
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Who?
How?
Where?
Why?
What?
What for?
When?
Much research and academics
In whose interest?
Aristotle
Episteme
Techné
Phronesis
XXI Century Social Sciences?
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
NoneLowMediumHigh
1. WHAT?
Others[20,15, 7]
NoneLowMediumHigh
Participate
[0, 0, 0]Self-SelectionRepresentative Sel. Mech.Inclusive Sel. Mech.Selected by ElectionsArbitrary Selection
Decision MakersSponsorsFacilitators
--
Collaborative Participation
Non-Participation
Consultative Participation
Conflict
PeriodicContinuous
Functional Inst.Organic Inst.
5. WHO? Affected and involved Actors
2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle
3. WHERE? Institutionalization LevelSporadicEpisodic
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
MONITORING& EVALUATION
POLICY FORMULATION
AGENDA SETTING
DECISION MAKING
Political Actors[15, 13, 11]
Corporate Actors
[10, 2, 1]
Civil Soc. & Citizenry
Influence
Affected
Transparency4. HOW?
Deliberativeness
6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration
3. Advice2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress
Intensity of Collaboration
Transparency Cliff
min.
max.
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
NoneLowMediumHigh
1. WHAT?
Others[20,15, 7]
NoneLowMediumHigh
Participate
[0, 0, 0]Self-SelectionRepresentative Sel. Mech.Inclusive Sel. Mech.Selected by ElectionsArbitrary Selection
Decision MakersSponsorsFacilitators
--
Collaborative Participation
Non-Participation
Consultative Participation
Conflict
PeriodicContinuous
Functional Inst.Organic Inst.
5. WHO? Affected and involved Actors
2. WHEN? eg: Phase within Policy Cycle
3. WHERE? Institutionalization LevelSporadicEpisodic
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
MONITORING& EVALUATION
POLICY FORMULATION
AGENDA SETTING
DECISION MAKING
Political Actors[15, 13, 11]
Corporate Actors
[10, 2, 1]
Civil Soc. & Citizenry
Influence
Affected
Transparency4. HOW?
Deliberativeness
6. Delegated Control5. Delegated Power4. Collaboration
3. Advice2. Consultation1. Information0. Manipulation1. Legitimate coercion2. Illegal Duress
Intensity of Collaboration
Transparency Cliff
min.
max.
6. WHY? WHAT FOR? IN WHOSE INTEREST?
SIX Dimensions of Participatory Schemasβeta
Thank you!!
Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept, Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
pedro.prieto-martin@kyopol.net
Get the paper at: http://bit.ly/participation-schemasOther stuff: http://bit.ly/prieto-martin
Participation SchemasA tool to characterize
Collaborative Participation
Dr. Pedro Prieto MartínComputer Science Dept., Universidad de Alcalá
Founder of CitYsens
9-11 July 2014Culture Lab
Newcastle upon Tyne
Back-up Slides
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Participation =1/5 of Deliberation +1/4 of Manipulation +
plenty of Politics as usual(ie: a continuous struggle for power and (un)accountability)
Knowledge vs Reality
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH18
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Clientelism
Paternalism
Patrimonialism
Nepotism
Burocratism
Obscurantism
Autoritarism
Coronelismo
Cronyism(Gérson’s Law)
PARTICIPATORYBUDGETIN
G
POLITICAL CULTURE
19
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Violence
AnalphabetismRacism
Disaffection
Inequality
Geographic dispersion
Exclusion
SOCIAL CONTEXT
Shortage
Social disintegration
PRESUPUESTO
PARTICIPATIVO
20
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH21
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgeting
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH22
Fortaleza’s 2005 Participatory Budgetinginstrumental
Pedro Prieto-Martín, UAH
Preparative Regional and
Social Segments Assemblies
Decision-Making Regional
Assemblies (“Deliberativas”)
Mayor’s Office (MO)
Municipal Budget
Investment Plan
Regional Delegates Forums
Council of the Participatory
Budgeting(COP)
PB Actions
Plan
Participatory Budgeting
Office
Municipal Organisms
& Departmen
ts
Regional Executive
Offices
Executive Power
Legislative Power
PB – “People’s Power”
Popular Councils
Unions
Neighbour Assoc.
other Social
Movements Public Workers in
all Public Agencies
Administrative Power
Citizenry - Electorate
Municipal Leg.
Chamber
Big Companies (private or semi-public)
Economic Power
ElectionsNegotiationDecisions
Citizens
KEY
Mayor
23
♣
♣
♣
♣
♣
♣ MO Strong Influence
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