paris part 1

Paris, France

Ricky AngueiraTaylor GladdingKelly MorisonBenjamin RestrepoChad Wallace

Geography

Geography

Geography

History - Transportation

14th c. Carts and trams for sovereign17th c. Chariots and carts Renting horse-drawn

carriages circulate fixed route1854 Underground railway

planned, project discarded1855 Compagnie Imperiale des

Voitures de Paris - taxi company

History - Transportation

1873 First tram line opens1897-1900 Metro planned and first line built1909 Paris’ first one-way streets1922 First three-color street light1937 Tramway closed1960-1973 Boulevard périphérique built1992 Tramway returns

History – Streets of Paris

The Haussmann Plan – 1853-1870Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann was

hired by Napoléon III to modernize Paris

History – Streets of Paris

Reasons for change:•Safer Streets•Better Housing•Better Sanitary Conditions•Shopper-Friendly Community•Better Traffic Flow•Military/Protection Reasons

The population of Paris is approximately 2,156,190, covering an area of 41 square miles, 52,590 people per square mile.

Grid-Grid within a Radial-Grid

During the Haussmann era, the nineteenth century, architects were required to build “immeubles”, (apartment buildings), no higher than the tower of Notre Dame, or about 100’.

arrangement of streets, alleys, squares, boulevards, and avenues is a result of a superimposition of one street plan upon an earlier other.

A plot of land was usually divided in a series of long and narrow parallel plots to both sides of a central lateral strip reserved for a passage across it.

Metro• Rapid underground transit

metro system consisting of 16 different lines

• 14 lines specified by color, 2 branch routes

• 215 meters of track with over 300 stations

• Line 1 is currently operated as a driverless train

• Most used transit mode, an average of over 1.4 billion passenger journeys per year

RER• Rapid transit system serving the city center and surrounding suburbs• 5 express lines, 246 stations, and over 580 km of rail• Several connections with the Metro, including 33 stop in the city

center• Service is offered from 5am-1am

• Tickets for the RER can be purchased at any RER or metro ticket station or booth

• Simplifies switching between rail systems

High Speed Rail• Eurostar

• Service connecting Paris, London, and Brussels

• Service started in 1994

• Shares rail with TGV

• TGV• Main purpose is to connect Paris

to the coasts of France

• Lines connecting France to surrounding countries such as Italy, Switzerland, and Belgium

Additional Systems• VAL (Orlyval, CDGVAL)

• Automatic metros used as a shuttle system from the airports into Paris

• Short rails that connect to the RER, bringing travelers straight into the city

• Other connections include the TGV and local car parks

• Montmartre Funicular• Automatic railway transporting

people in the Montmartre neighborhood of Paris

• Carries passengers from the foot to the summit to avoid using the over 300 steps to reach the top

• Averages 2 million users per year

Tram• Currently, there are four

(4) tramway lines in service (T1, T2, T3, and T4) and more than 60 stops in the Paris area.

• All lines are operated by the RATP.

• The first line opened inJuly 1992.

• The line servicing the municipality of Paris, T3, which replaced an old bus line on the IG axis, opened in 2006.

T3

Disadvantages• Increase in road congestion• 40% decline in usage• Increase in CO2 emissions

Advantages• Better aesthetics and conditions

of comfort• Reduction in air and noise

pollution, as well as energy consumption

Bus• 59 Paris buses and 1312

suburban buses• Paris buses are managed by the

RATP.o The RATP bus network in Ile

de France has 4,300 buses, nearly 12,000 physical bus stops, and 351 bus lines in the Paris area, including 31 Noctilien (night bus) lines.

o Many bus stops are equipped with electronic information systems that tell you when to expect the next bus.

Bus

Disadvantages• Longer travel time• Less reliable due to the heavy

and variable traffic of Paris' metropolitan area

Advantages• More scenic and less

claustrophobic routes• Maintains a longer schedule

Bicycle• From 2001 to 2006, this

mode share increased by 48 percent while keeping the number of crashes and injuries stable.

• Currently there are more than 300 miles of dedicated bike lanes (most built since 2001) in the 40.7 square mile city.o This number is

expected to reach 435 miles by 2014.

Velíb• The bike sharing program,

Velib, was introduced in June 2007.o Six months later, there

were 20,600 bikes and 1,451 stands in central Paris.

• Velíb users pay a subscription, allowing them to pick up and leave bicycles at any automated, self-service stations.o The first 30 minutes of

each trip are free.

Transportation Goals

Bertrand Deanoe, elected Mayor of Paris in 2001, vows to create more “civilized spaces.”

"It's only by making life hell for motorists that we will force them to give up their cars."

http://www.transalt.org/files/newsroom/magazine/024Fall/19twocities.html

ObjectivesIle de France - A hierarchy of plans that governs the development of the transport system

• Offering a real alternative to travelling by car, by improving the quality of service of public transport

• Improving public safety and reducing crime on the public transport system

• Better integrating transport considerations into planning policy decisions and plans

Objectives

• Developing a cycle network, with links in particular to stations and major commercial centers;

• Improving road safety for pedestrians and cyclists, e.g. on routes to schools;

• Introducing a parking pricing policy which encourages motorists to make use of other transport modes, especially for shorter journeys

Long-Term Goals• 34 Local Plans: most detailed

level of transit plans• To increase the proportion of

daily journeys by walking/cycling/public transport to 83% of all daily journeys within the city of Paris by 2020 (75% in 2001)

• To increase the number of daily

journeys by public transport from a base of 9.6 million in 2001 to 11.5 million in 2013 (+20%) and 12.4 millions by 2020 (+30%)

• To reduce traffic within the city of Paris by 26% by 2013 and 40% by 2020 compared to 2001 levels

Thanks for Listening

Works Citedhttp://www.railway-technology.com/projects/paris-metro-france/

http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/publications.nsf/key/TransportProblemsFacingLargeCities/$File/TransportFINALindex.pdf

http://www.eurail.com/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/tgv

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_de_Paris_1589-1643_BNF07710699.png

http://www.atkielski.com/PDF/data/ParMetro.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Paris

http://parisbytrain.com/category/maps/

http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/plaquette_transports_urbains_ang.pdf

http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Passenger_transport_statistics

http://www.aaafoundation.org/pdf/bikeuse_PBA.pdf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramways_in_%C3%8Ele-de-France

http://goparis.about.com/od/transportation/ss/Metro_and_Buses_8.htm

http://www.pierrekopp.com/downloads/2011%20T3%20revised%20version%202011.pdf

http://msnbcmedia3.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photo_StoryLevel/080404/080404-bike-share-bcol-251p.grid-6x2.jpghttps://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255-s01/mapping-paris/Streets_of_Paris.html

http://www.ratp.fr/en/ratp/c_5044/bus/

http://www.univers-nature.com/images/actu/extension-tramway-paris.jpg

http://www.streetsblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/07_23/Paris_bikelanes.jpg

http://www.streetsblog.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/06_30/separated_bus_lanes.jpg

http://www.itdp.org/documents/st_magazine/ITDP-ST_Magazine-19.pdf