pace it - introduction to the transport layer
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Introduction to the transport layer.
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Instructor, PACE-IT Program – Edmonds Community College
Areas of Expertise Industry Certifications
PC Hardware
Network Administration
IT Project Management
Network Design
User Training
IT Troubleshooting
Qualifications Summary
Education
M.B.A., IT Management, Western Governor’s University
B.S., IT Security, Western Governor’s University
Entrepreneur, executive leader, and proven manger
with 10+ years of experience turning complex issues
into efficient and effective solutions.
Strengths include developing and mentoring diverse
workforces, improving processes, analyzing
business needs and creating the solutions
required— with a focus on technology.
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PACE-IT
– Introducing the transport layer.
– Introduction to TCP.
– Introduction to UDP.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
– The transport layer.» Most networking models follow the Open System
Interconnect (OSI) model.
• It is composed of seven different layers: application,
presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and
physical.
• The layers work together to create a system of
communication that allows different types of computing
systems or networks to communicate with each other.
» Layer 4, or the transport layer, receives data from the session
layer (Layer 5) and determines what method (or type) of
delivery is required for the data.
• The transport layer then hands the data (with the instructions
for method of delivery) to Layer 3 (the network layer), which is
responsible for determining where the data is going.
– The transport layer’s protocols.» There are two main protocols used by the transport layer.
• TCP and UDP.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
– Introduction to TCP (Transmission
Control Protocol).» A protocol that determines the type of delivery method
that will be used in network communication.
» TCP uses a reliable method to deliver network packets.
» TCP helps to set up the connection session.
» It establishes error control.
» It helps to tear down the network session.
– Reliable delivery method.» It uses a 3-way handshake.
• 1) requests the connection, 2) receives the response
from the other end, and 3) sends an acknowledgement
back that sets the sequence number that will be used.
» Every packet that gets sent must be acknowledged by
the receiver. If the sender doesn’t receive the
acknowledgement of a packet, the sender will resend the
packet.
» All packets are sent and received in order.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
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Introduction to the transport layer.
– Introduction to UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).» A protocol that determines the type of delivery method that will
be used in network communication.
» UDP uses an unreliable method to deliver network packets.
» It doesn’t help to set up the connection session.
» It doesn’t establish error control.
» It doesn’t help to tear down the network session.
– Unreliable delivery method.» Could be better described as a “best effort” delivery method.
» It sends the data steam to the destination, trusting that the
destination is:
• A) listening for the data stream.
• B) willing to accept the data stream.
» The data steam flows with no acknowledgement of it being
received.
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Not all communication can be treated the same; that is why there are both reliable and unreliable delivery methods.
With TCP, the sender can be assured that the other end of the
line has received all of the packets that were sent and that the
packets were received in the proper order. This works well for
communication that is not sensitive to latency issues that are
associated with the overhead of reliable deliveries.
UDP strips off the overhead, but sacrifices reliability. It is well
suited for network communication in which speed is more
important than reliability. When using VoIP, it is more important
Introduction to the transport layer.
for the flow of packets to be continuous than to be held up
while waiting for packets to arrive in the right order (VoIP
communication can survive the occasional dropped packet).
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The transport layer is Layer 4 of the OSI model. It is responsible for
determining the method of delivery that will be used to send packets across
the network. The method may be reliable (TCP) or unreliable (UDP).
Topic
Introducing the transport
layer.
Summary
TCP is a reliable method of packet delivery. It helps to set up the
connection, it provides for error control, and it helps to tear down the
communication session. A 3-way handshake is used to establish a
connection and set the sequence number. Each packet that is sent must be
acknowledged or it is resent.
Introduction to TCP.
UDP is an unreliable (best effort) method of packet delivery. It assumes that
the receiver will be listening for and willing to accept the data stream. It
doesn’t care if packets get lost or arrive out of order. UDP is used because
some communications suffer due to TCP’s overhead.
Introduction to UDP.
Introduction to the transport layer.
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THANK YOU!
This workforce solution was 100 percent funded by a $3 million grant awarded by the
U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and Training Administration. The solution was
created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S.
Department of Labor. The Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or
assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including
any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the
information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability
or ownership. Funded by the Department of Labor, Employment and Training
Administration, Grant #TC-23745-12-60-A-53.
PACE-IT is an equal opportunity employer/program and auxiliary aids and services are
available upon request to individuals with disabilities. For those that are hearing
impaired, a video phone is available at the Services for Students with Disabilities (SSD)
office in Mountlake Terrace Hall 159. Check www.edcc.edu/ssd for office hours. Call
425.354.3113 on a video phone for more information about the PACE-IT program. For
any additional special accommodations needed, call the SSD office at 425.640.1814.
Edmonds Community College does not discriminate on the basis of race; color; religion;
national origin; sex; disability; sexual orientation; age; citizenship, marital, or veteran
status; or genetic information in its programs and activities.
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