p & op mgmt by sush
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INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION
AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
By-SushilaSushila
agrawalagrawal
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INTRODUCTION TO PRODUCTION
AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
Production
It is an intentional act of producing something
in a specific manner.
manufacturing or mining or growingsomethingany work created as a result of literary or artistic effort
the act or process of producing something
the quantity of something (as a commodity) that iscreated (usually within a given period of time);
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Contd«««
ACCORDING TO R.MAYER
´IN A MANUFACTURING ORGANISATION PRODUCTIONIS THE FABRICATION OF A PHYSICAL OBJECTTHROUGH THE USE OF MEN,MACHINES, MATERIALS,AND EQUIPMENT.
IN A SERVICE ORGANISATION PRODUCTION MEANSDISCHARGE OF SOME FUNCTION,WHICH HAS SOMEUTILITY e.g., REPAIRS OF AN AUTOMOBILE,LEGAL
ADVICE TO A CLIENT etcµ.
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PRODUCTION PROCESS
SYSTEM
ORGANISATION TRANSFORMATION
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OPERATION
´ A process or series of acts involved in a particular formof work
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�the condition of being in action:
�an action or series of actions done to produce a particularresult:
�the activity of operating something (a machine or businessetc.)
�a planned activity involving many people performing variousactions;
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OPERATIONS:A TRANSFORMATION
PROCESS
Workers
Managers
Equipment
Facility
Materials
LandEnergy
Information
Goods
Services
IInputsnputs OutputsOutputs
Operations
and
processes
Feedback
Performance
Lead time The time between ordering a good or service and
receiving it.
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MANAGEMENT ´
Management in business and human organization activity, in simpleterms means the act of getting people together to accomplish desiredgoals. ...
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�The job of planning, organizing, and controlling abusiness enterprise; the persons in an organization who
are engaged in management
� Organization and coordination of the activities of anenterprise in accordance with certain policies and inachievement of clearly defined objectives. Management is oftenincluded as a factor of production along with machines,
materials, and money�The act, manner, or practice of managing; handling,supervision, or control
�The act or art of managing; the manner of treating, directing,carrying on, or using, for a purpose; conduct; administration;
guidance; control; as, the management of a family or of a farm;the management of state
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PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
´ Production and Operations Management ("POM") is about the
transformation of production and operational inputs into "outputs" that,when distributed, meet the needs of customers.
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SCOPE OF PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
(A) Product selection and design Choosing the right product by keeping the objective of the organization.
Design of the product must be attractive, aesthetic and functional.
Product design must be made in such a way to face competitor Unnecessary cost must be eliminated.
(B) Process selection and Planning Selection of the process involves taking decision as technology,
machines and equipment.
First thing is that we have to optimize the output from the given process. Planning includes the stages of the process and automation and
mechanization.
Alternatives, evaluation and judging factors must be there.
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SCOPE OF PRODUCION AND OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT
(C) Facilities Location Includes where we can locate our operations.
In this wrong decision may prove disastrous
Location should be in way that the cost of transportation isminimized.
(D) Facilities layout and Material handling Arrangements of machines and plant facilities.
Over-lapping and no interruption should not be there
Sequencing of machines How to handle the material and in which manner so that the cost of
material handling is minimized.
Factor of flexibility should be there to adapt changes.
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SCOPE OF PRODUCION AND
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(F) Capacity Planning
Estimating the capacity of manpower, man, machines.
Capacity refers to a level of output of the conversion process over a
period of time
The Transformation Process
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OBJECTIVES OF OPERTAIONS
MANAGEMENT
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONS
MANAGEMENT ARE CLASSIFIED AS UNDER
´ Ultimate Objective
´ Intermediate Objective
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Ultimate Objective: The primary responsibility of
the manufacturing activity is to produce a product at pre-establishedcost, according to the specified quality and stipulated time ±
schedule.The ultimate objective can be classified under
Manufacturing Cost Estimating the manufacturing cost carefullyEfforts should be made to stick to the cost
standards.
Reduction in variable costs, Reduction in fixed cost
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PRODUCT QUALITY STANDARD PRODUCT QUALITYAS PER SPECIFICATION BY
PRODUCT
ORC
UST
OME
R.
WORKERS MUST INFORMABOUT THE QUALITY PRESCRIPTION
MAINTENANCE OF THE QUALITY SHOULD BE THERE.
THERE SHOULD BE PROPER BALANCE BETWEEN QUALITY
AND COSTAND AS WELLAS TIME SCHEDULE
Intermediate Objectives: Production is the result of varioustypes of inputs, like men, machine, machines and manufacturing services.The intermediate goals can be spelled out under: Machinery and equipment,materials, manpower and manufacturing services.
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Manufacturing Time ScheduleThere are many forces which compel side tracking in themanufacturing activity operating etc.Time schedule of each and everything i.e.cycle time, inventory turnover rate, machine utilization rate, capacityutilization, machine and labour idle time, repair
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MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT MACHINERY IS DIVIDED INTO: ACQUISITION OF MACHINERYAND
UTILIZATION OF MACHINERY
PROPER ADDITION IN THE MACHINERY SHOULD BE DONE AND
RE
PLACEME
NT
C
ANBE
.
EFFORTS SHOULD BE MADE TO INCREASE THE UTILIZATION OF
MAXIMUM OUTPUT FROM THE MACHINES
Materi als
´ The material objective must be prescribed in terms of units, rupees,and value and space requirement.
´ Efforts should be made to increase the inventory like raw materialetc.
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Effective utilization of manpower.The major objective is the Selection, Placement training, rewardingand utilization of man power should be done in proper manner.It also include the safety of the employee, absenteeism etc.
Manufacturing ServicesThere should be a proper arrangement of power,
water supply and material handling etc.The objective of manufacturing is as: to manufacture a
quality product, on schedule, customer satisfaction.
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF P RODUC TION MANAGER
OR
FUNC TIONS OF P RODUC TION / OP ERATIONSMANGE ME NT
´ Following are the functions of Production Management & ProductionManager.
´ Production Planning
´ Production Control
´ Quality Control
´ Method Analysis
´ Inventory Control
´ Plant Layout
´ Material Handling
´ Work Measurement
´ Total Quality Management
´ Facility Location´ Product Design
´ Service Design
´ Quality Assurance
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