overview of synoptic overview of synoptic -j.j. griesbach, german scholar, was the first to use the...

New TESTAMENT

FOUNDATIONS CLASS 6, Section 2 Pages 77-88

New TESTAMENT

FOUNDATIONCLASS NUMBER 6SECTION TWOTHE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

•THE WAY THE GOSPELS ARE ORGANIZED. •KNOWING THE GOSPELS THROUGH FORM CRITICISM.•SOURCES OF THE GOSPELS.

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FOUNDATIONMARKPeter’s sermons to John Mark – “Papias” – Bishop of Hierapolis, AD120, as passed to us through “Eusebius” of Caesarea, AD 260-

340. Constructed between AD 55-58.

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FOUNDATIONMARKPapias – Bishop of Hierapolis, AD120 1- John Mark was a writer for Peter.

2-He wrote down accurately as much as he could.

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FOUNDATIONMARKPapias – Bishop of Hierapolis, AD120 3- John Mark was not an eye witness

but Peter was. John Mark spent a significant amount of time with

Peter.

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FOUNDATIONMARKMark was probably a significant source that LUKE used for his

gospel. According to “Clement” of

Alexandria (AD 155-220), Mark was written in parts of Italy.

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FOUNDATIONMARKThe very existence of MARK is

significant because it means that the GOSPEL OF JESUS CHRIST had made it to ROME, the capital of the world, in the lifetime of the Apostle

Peter.

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FOUNDATIONMARK 1:1-5The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

2 As it is written in the Prophets:“Behold, I send My messenger

before Your face,Who will prepare Your way

before You.”

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FOUNDATIONMARK 1:1-53 “The voice of one crying in the wilderness: ‘Prepare the way of

the LORD; (Mal. 3:1) Make His paths straight.’”(Isa. 40:3) 4 John

came baptizing in the wilderness and preaching a

baptism of repentance for the

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FOUNDATIONMARK 1:1-5remission of sins. 5 Then all the land of Judea, and those from

Jerusalem, went out to him and were all baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their

sins.

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FOUNDATIONMalachi 3:1“Behold, I send My

messenger,and he will prepare the way

before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to

His temple, even the Messenger of the covenant,

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FOUNDATIONMalachi 3:1in whom you delight.

Behold, He is coming,”says the LORD of hosts.•The Temple belongs to

Messiah.•He is the Messenger of the

NEW COVENANT.

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FOUNDATIONIsaiah 40:1-5“Comfort, yes, comfort My people!” says your God.

2 “Speak comfort to Jerusalem, and cry out to her, that her warfare is ended, that her

iniquity is pardoned;

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FOUNDATIONIsaiah 40:1-5For she has received from the LORD’s hand double for all her sins.” 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: “Prepare the way of the LORD; Make straight

in the desert.

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FOUNDATIONIsaiah 40:1-5A highway for our God.

4 Every valley shall be exaltedand every mountain and hill

brought low; The crooked places shall be made straightand the rough places smooth;

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FOUNDATIONIsaiah 40:1-55 The glory of the LORD shall be

revealed…”•We must individually prepare for

Jesus Christ with our heart, soul, and strength (Deut. 6:4-6).

•The baptist sent to motivate repentance in the deserts of our heart.

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FOUNDATIONMARK 1:6-86 Now John was clothed with

camel’s hair and with a leather belt around his waist, and he ate locusts and wild honey. 7 And he preached, saying, “There comes One after me

who is mightier

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FOUNDATIONMARK 1:6-8than I, whose sandal strap I am not worthy to stoop down and loose. 8 I indeed baptized you

with water, but He will baptize you with the Holy

Spirit.”

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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:

The Gospel of Mark was significant to the Romans. It showed the power of Jesus Christ and His followers that Caesar could not stop the Gospel.

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FOUNDATIONS •OVERVIEW OF SYNOPTIC

-J.J. GRIESBACH, German scholar, was the first to use the word SYNOPTIC when referring to Matthew, Mark and Luke.

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FOUNDATIONSYNOPTIC MEANS “a brief or condensed

statement giving a general view of some subject.

2. a compendium of heads or short paragraphs giving a view

of the whole.

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FOUNDATIONSYNOPTIC MEANS

3. a brief summary of the plot of a novel, motion picture, play,

etc.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

-Matthew, Mark and Luke structure the ministry of Jesus Christ according to a kind of GEOGRAPHICAL sequence. -Withdrawal to the north after Peter makes his confession of following Christ the Son of God.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

-John doesn’t really record parables or dramatic exorcisms.-John records some significant healing miracles but most are left to the synoptics. -John is a spiritual overview of the ministry of Christ.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

-John gives us the intimate and powerful upper room scene of the OLIVET DISCOURSE and the LAST SUPPER NARRATIVE. -The synoptics bring us intense heavy fire of power miracles and the pitched presence of God’s manifestations.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

-John gives us a much more “MEDITATIVE” observation of the LIFE and MINISTRY of the Son of Man.-John shows Jesus speaking in pastoral, longer discourses, rather than brief TV style parables or pithy sayings.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

THREE QUESTIONS:

1- How did they come to be?2- How should we understand them as works of literature?3- What do they really tell us about JESUS CHRIST?

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

- WHO WERE THE AUTHORS?

- WHAT WERE THE CIRCUMSTANCES THEY WROTE FROM?

- WHAT WERE THEIR REAL BACKGROUNDS?

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

- HOW DID THE AUTHORS GET THE MATERIAL THEY WROTE?- WHY ARE THE THREE SYNOPTICS SO SIMILAR IN SOME WAYS AND NOT SO IN OTHER WAYS?- WHY FOUR GOSPELS?

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

-Tatiam (2nd century scholar) put all four gospels together in his Diatessaron (making a musical message using the four gospels to tell the story). -Augustine (Early Church Father, AD 354-430) wrote “The harmony of the four”.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

- LUKE the writer of the third Gospel as we know it, also comments on other sources which were likely MARK and MATTHEW.

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FOUNDATIONLUKE 1:1-4Inasmuch as many have taken

in hand to set in order a narrative of those things which have been fulfilled among us,

2 just as those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses

and ministers

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FOUNDATIONLUKE 1:1-4of the word delivered them to

us, 3 it seemed good to me also, having had perfect

understanding of all things from the very first, to write to you an

orderly account,

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FOUNDATIONLUKE 1:1-4most excellent Theophilus,

4 that you may know the certainty of those things in which you were instructed.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

- Luke proclaims his own personal investigation of the sources of the ministry of Christ, and the accounts of His affect upon the universe.- Matthew takes an ancient approach.

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FOUNDATIONMATTHEW 1:1-6The book of the genealogy of Jesus Christ, the Son of David,

the Son of Abraham:2 Abraham begot Isaac, Isaac begot Jacob, and Jacob begot

Judah and his brothers.

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FOUNDATIONMATTHEW 1:1-63 Judah begot Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez begot Hezron, and Hezron begot Ram. 4 Ram

begot Amminadab, Amminadab begot Nahshon, and Nahshon

begot Salmon.

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FOUNDATIONMATTHEW 1:1-65 Salmon begot Boaz by Rahab, Boaz begot Obed by Ruth, Obed begot Jesse, 6 and Jesse begot

David the king.

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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:

Matthew attaches his story and narrative to the ancient names of the TANAKH. The foundation of the gospel is firmly fixed upon the OLD TESTAMENT.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM - How were the gospel records actually put together? The period of ORAL communication of the life, events, and encounters of Jesus Christ in real history.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM -This discipline has a doubled edged to it’s evaluation. Bible critics love to destroy the credibility of the Gospels with it. They claim that the time of oral transmission corrupted the REAL JESUS EVENTS.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM -1- People like to LENGTHEN their stories embellishing them. -2- People like to add to their stories for sake of culture or condition.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM -3- People like to conform their stories to their own present surroundings. -4- People like to preserve and create what their faith needs. Manipulate the stories to their own desires.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM ANWERING THE FORMS AND THEIR HORNS OF INCREDIBLE ATTACKS.1- Those writing the gospels were not only eye witness’ but also CHARGED to be true to what JESUS REALLY SAID(Luke 9:35-36 - Transfiguration)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM ANWERING THE FORMS AND THEIR HORNS OF INCREDIBLE ATTACKS.2- The Gospel witness’ were not compelled to add to the message of Christ. They feared the HOLY SPIRIT.(Acts 5 – Holy Execution “great fear”)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM ANWERING THE FORMS AND THEIR HORNS OF INCREDIBLE ATTACKS.3- Jesus was born in the JEWISH CULTURE. The Gospel witness’ were not intimidated by it enough to re-write the events.(Acts 15 – Council of accepted Genitles)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM ANWERING THE FORMS AND THEIR HORNS OF INCREDIBLE ATTACKS.4- Jesus’ teachings were so radical and different they stood alone from any culture.(Matt. 22:34-40 – Radical new teachings of religion)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

1-FORM CRITICISM THE DARK SIDE OF FORM CRITICISM MOCKS THE SPIRITUAL BELIEVER AND LABLES HIM An “ILL MINDED MISTIC.” There is no consideration for the HOLY SPIRIT to guide the transmission of Scripture.(2 Peter 1:16-20 – The HOLY SPIRIT active in the lives of the writers)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

2- SOURCE CRITICISM - How the events, encounters and actions of Jesus were “penned to paper”. Who was writing and why? Where were they writing, and to whom?

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

2- SOURCE CRITICISM -There was much writing in Herodian Palestine during Jesus’ day. There is much strong precedent for student, scribes writing down the sermons of their teachers.-Some to benefit others to criticize (Pharisee’s & Scribes)

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

2- SOURCE CRITICISM -Writing for history and propaganda.-Writing for commercial interests and records. -Writing for entertainment, poet and song. -Writing for religious reasons.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

3-REDACTION CRITICISM - How the events, encounters and actions of Jesus are communicated to create the THEOLOGY OF GOD. What the eye witnesses were saying about the nature of Jesus and God.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

3-REDACTION CRITICISM -Clearly in Matt. 24 the Disciples of Christ were interested in God’s material overruling their present material world. But Jesus spoke of His kingdom not being of this world.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC CRITICISM

3-REDACTION CRITICISM -The New Testament writers were not interested in gathering wealth or conjuring up some kind of personal kingdom in this world. Their theology in writing cannot be misunderstood.-(see John 14:1-3)

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FOUNDATIONJohn 14:1-3“Let not your heart be troubled;

you believe in God, believe also in Me. 2 In My Father’s house are

many mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you. I go to

prepare a place for you.

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FOUNDATIONJohn 14:1-33 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again and receive

you to Myself; that where I am, there you may be also.

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FOUNDATIONThoughtful listening to the Bible

1- God, what are You trying to say to me or say about my personal

situation?

Sometimes it is far better to approach the gospels in a different

angle.

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FOUNDATIONThoughtful listening to the Bible

1- God, what are You trying to say about WHO YOU REALLY ARE IN

NATURE?

2- HOW DOES THAT IMAGE OF THE GOSPEL GOD CHANGE MY THINKING ABOUT WHO HE IS AND WHO I AM?

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FOUNDATIONKEY POINTS:We answer every crisis, challenge and situation in our lives based upon who we believe we are and who God is. The Gospel of Jesus Christ corrects our thinking about both.

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FOUNDATIONMatthew 6:22-2322 “The lamp of the body is the eye. If therefore your eye is good, your

whole body will be full of light. 23 But if your eye is bad, your whole

body will be full of darkness. If therefore the light that is in you is

darkness, how great is that darkness!

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

MARK – AD 55-58 - Begins with the unique prophet called the Baptist, rooting his narrative in the present excitement about Messianic deliverance and the past promise of God’s WORD.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

MATTHEW – AD 60-64 - The REFORMED tax collector roots his records about Jesus deep in the moorings of Israel’s history. There are 48 names and 42 fixed generations in Chapter 1 providing the solid foundation of the Son of Man’s earthly ministry.

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FOUNDATIONS •SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

LUKE – AD 64-67 -The Greek physician is careful to write his life-giving prescription called the ministry of Jesus Christ only after deep and difficult study. He is concerned about the careful truth of his record and has examined all the evidence.

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FOUNDATIONCLASS NUMBER 7SECTION TWOTHE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS

•SOURCES OF THE GOSPELS.•THE THEOLOGICAL MESSAGES OF THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS.