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Overview of Future Colliders
Hongbo ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics, Beijing
IX International Conference on Interconnections between Particle Physics and Cosmology (PPC2015), June 29th - July 3rd 2015, Deadwood, South Dakota
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Colliders over the Decays
2
V D Shiltsev, “High energy particle colliders: past 20 years, next 20 years and beyond”, Physics-Uspekhi 55 (10) 965-976 (2012)
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Outline
• Future colliders‣ ILC/CLIC‣CEPC-SPPC‣FCC‣HL-LHC
• Physics programs
• Summary
3
CEPC-SPPC (50 km)
FCC (80 km)
(HL-)LHC (27 km)
ILC (31 km) /CLIC (48 km)
B-factories, muon collider, gamma-gamma collider and several other colliders are also very interesting but not discussed here.
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
International Linear Collider (ILC)
• e+e- linear collider with Superconducting RF linac
• Baseline: √s = 500 GeV (31 km) → upgrade later to ~ √s= 1 TeV (50 km), luminosity of 1.8 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 with optional upgrade, one interaction point (IP) with two detectors: ILD and SiD with push-pull
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
ILC History• Pre-ILC (several linear collider concepts since early 90s), technology
decision in 2004 → SCRF‣ TESLA (SCRF)‣ NLC/JLC (normal conducting)‣ CLIC (two beam)
• ILC since 2005‣ Global Design Effort founded‣ Reference Design Report (2007)‣ Technical Design Report (2013)
• Current status‣ Linear Collider Collaboration (LCC)‣ ILC: Higgs/top factory → possible realisation in Japan‣ CLIC: multi-TeV option on longer time scale
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RDR (2007)
TESLA TDR (2001)
TDR (2013)
Waiting for the final decision from the Japanese government by the end of 2015
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)
• Multi-TeV e+e- linear collider based on high gradient normal-conducting cavities with novel RF power generation (two-beam acceleration), nominal center-of-mass energy of 3 TeV
• Project not as advanced as ILC, possible “Next Big Thing” at CERN?
6
Drive Beam
Main Beam
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
After the Higgs Discovery
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Courtesy of Symmetry MagazineA bouquet of options: Higgs factory ideas bloom
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Circular Colliders
• The relative lightness of the discovered Higgs boson makes the circular electron-positron machine technologically feasible as “Higgs Factory”.
• A. Blondel and F. Zimmerman “A High Luminosity e+e- Collider in the LHC tunnel to study the Higgs Boson”, arXiv:1112.2518 → LEP3
‣ Super-TRISTAN, Fermilab Site-Filler, CHF, TLEP
8
• ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop, Accelerators for a Higgs Factory: Linear vs. Circular (HF2012) → circular machines under “official” discussion
• ICFA 2013 statement:Factory
ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop
Accelerators for a Higgs Factory:
Linear vs. CircularNovember 14-16, 2012Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, U.S.A.
conferences.fnal.gov/hf2012γγ
Organizing Committee:Alain Blondel, U.of GenevaAlex Chao, SLACWeiren Chou, Fermilab, ChairJie Gao, IHEPDaniel Schulte, CERNKaoru Yokoya, KEK
Local Committee:Elliott McCrory, FermilabCynthia Sazama, FermilabTanja Waltrip, FermilabSuzanne Weber, Fermilab
Contact:Cynthia M. Sazama, Conference OfficeFermi National Accelerator LaboratoryM.S. 113, P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510, U.S.A.Fax: +1-630-840-8589 E-mail: sazama@fnal.gov
“ICFA supports studies of energy frontier circular colliders and encourages global coordination.”
FCC� hh, ee, heCEPC-SPPC
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC)
• Circular e+e- collider with “conventional” accelerator technologies proposed by the Chinese HEP community in 2012
• Baseline design: √s = 240 GeV (54 km), single ring with the pretzel scheme, luminosity of 2 × 1034 cm-2 s-1 @ 240 GeV, 2 IP’s; 10 years of data-taking
• Optional to operate at other energies: 91 GeV (Z-pole) and 160 GeV (WW)
9
BTC�
IP1�
IP3�
e+� e-�
e+ e- Linac
LTB�
CEPC Collider Ring�
CEPC Booster�
BTC�
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Machine Layout
10
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Possible Project Timeline
• Preliminary Conceptual Design Reports reviewed by international review committees and released:
‣ Volume I: Physics and Detector
‣ Volume II: Accelerator
11
2015�
2020�
2025�
2030�
2035�
R&D Engineering Design
(2016-2020)�
Construction (2021-2027)�
Data taking (2028-2035)�
Pre-studies (2013-2015)
1st Milestone: pre-CDR (by the end of 2014) → R&D funding request to Chinese government in 2015 (China’s 13th Five-Year Plan 2016-2020) �
CEPC�
CEPC-SPPCPreliminary Conceptual Design Report
Volume I - Physics & Detector
The CEPC-SPPC Study Group
March 2015
IHEP-CEPC-DR-2015-001
IHEP-EP-2015-01
IHEP-TH-2015-01
IHEP-CEPC-DR-2015-01
IHEP-AC-2015-01
CEPC-SPPC Preliminary Conceptual Design Report
Volume II - Accelerator
The CEPC-SPPC Study Group
March 2015
Available on the CEPC website:http://cepc.ihep.ac.cn/preCDR/volume.html
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Detector Design Concept
• Feasibility studies based on the ILD-like detector concept, with modifications to the interaction region (IR) to cope with much shorter final focal length (L*)
‣ Final focusing magnets inside the detector → constraints on detector layout and technology choice + backgrounds from backscattering particles
• Detector performance requirements (similar to ILC):
• Additional critical challenges:
‣ Detector/electronics power consumption (too short bunch crossing, power-pulsing not optional)
‣ Detector backgrounds → detector occupancy, radiation damage, DAQ …12
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Super Proton-Proton Collider (SPPC)
• pp collider after the electron machine in the same tunnel → LEP-LHC model
• “Baseline design”: √s = 70 - 100 TeV, luminosity of 1035 cm-2 s-1 (different opinions on the required luminosity), 2 interaction points
• Main constraint: high field superconducting magnets, e.g. dipole magnets:
‣ 50 km: B = 20 T, E = 70 TeV
13
SPP ME Booster
SPPC LE Booster
IP4� IP2�
SPPC Collider Ring�
Proton Linac
SPPC HE Booster
min0
2 ( )BBC
π ρ=
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
High Field Superconducting Magnets
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Nb3Sn + HTS�
2015 – 2020 � • Develop 12 T Nb3Sn double-aperture dipole magnet • Conduct basic technology research on HTS materials and wires
and prototype an inserted coil of 2 – 3 T�
2020 – 2025� • Develop 15 T Nb3Sn double-aperture dipole/quadruple magnets • Conduct basic technology research on HTS materials and wires
and prototype an inserted coil of 4 – 5 T�
2025 – 2030� • Develop Nb3Sn (15 T) + HTS (5 T) or HTS (20 T) dipole magnet
2030 – 2035� • Knowledge and experience transfer to industry, enabling mass production
R&D for 20 years
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Possible Project Timeline
15
2015�
2020�
2025�
2030�
2035�
R&D Engineering Design
(2016-2020)�
Construction (2021-2027)�
Data taking (2028-2035)�
Pre-studies (2013-2015)
1st Milestone: pre-CDR (by the end of 2014) → R&D funding request to Chinese government in 2015 (China’s 13th Five-Year Plan 2016-2020) �
CEPC�20
20�
� � � � 2030�
2040�
�
R&D (2014-2030)�
Engineering Design (2030-2035)�
Construction (3035-2042)�
Data taking (2042-2055)�
SppC�
• Extremely tight schedule, close to unrealistic
• Possibility to operate both electron and proton machines at the same time to accumulate more Higgs events
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Civil Engineering
• Detailed geological survey and conceptual design efforts of civil engineering, summarised in preCDR volume III: Civil Engineering (only in Chinese)
16
IHEP
proton electron
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Future Circular Collider (FCC)
• 100 TeV proton-proton (and heavy-ion) collider and a high luminosity e+e- collider (H, Z, W and tt̄) as a potential intermediate step
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FCC-hh LHCEnergy [TeV] 100 14Dipole field [T] 16 8.33# IP 2 + 2 4Luminosity [cm-2s-1] 5-25× 1034 1× 1034
Stored energy/beam [GJ] 8.4 0.39Synchrotron rad. [W/m/aperture]
28.4 0.17Bunch spacing [ns] 25 (5) 25
FCC� hh, ee, he
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 18
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 19
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 20
M. Benedikt, “FCC study overview and status” in FCC Week 2015
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
High Luminosity LHC
• HL-LHC expected around 2023 to 5-7 ×1034 cm-2s-1 and to deliver an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 to each experiment over 10 years
• ATLAS/CMS detectors to be upgraded/re-built to cope with the hash collision conditions yet to maintain/enhance the performance
21
European Strategy:
P5 Report:
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Physics Programs (selected topics)
22
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
e+e- Colliders: Luminosity vs Energy
23
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Measurements
• Well-defined initial states → model independent measurements
• Recoil mass method: reconstructed the Z decay without touching the Higgs, allowing precision measurements: production cross sections, branching ratios, Higgs mass, total decay width and more …
24
M2
recoil
= (ps� Eff )2 � p2ff = s� 2Eff
ps+m2
ff
dominant process at √s ~ 240 GeV
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Couplings
• Higgs couplings to fermions and gauge bosons predicted by the Standard Model (SM): and ; deviations from the SM couplings parameterised as:
25
f = g(hff)g(hff ;SM) ,V = g(hV V )
g(hV V ;SM)
g(hff ; SM) g(hV V ; SM)
LHC 300/3000 fb-1
CEPC 250 GeV at 5 ab-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
κb κc κg κW κτ κZ κγ10-3
10-2
0.1
1
RelativeError
Precision of Higgs couplingmeasurement (Contrained Fit)
ILC 250+500 GeV at 250+500 fb-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
CEPC 250 GeV at 5 ab-1 wi/wo HL-LHC
κb κc κg κW κτ κZ κγ κμ Br(inv) κΓ10-3
10-2
0.1
1
RelativeError
Precision of Higgs couplingmeasurement (Model-IndependentFit)
Model-dependent fit: Model-independent fit:
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Expected Precision
26
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higgs Self-coupling
• Critical parameter governing the dynamics of electroweak symmetry breaking; accessible via the loop correction to the hZ production @CEPC:
27
��Zh = �Zh
�SMZh
� 1 = 2�Z + 0.014��hhh
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
EW Precision Measurements
• EW precision measurements with significantly reduced uncertainties:
28
RLdt � 150 fb�1
Rb, AbFB , sin ✓
effW ,mZ ,mW , N⌫ · · ·
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Electroweak Oblique Parameter Fit
• Electroweak parameters S and T, describing the gauge boson self-energies, are sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model.
29
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
Current (95%)Current (68%)CEPC (95%)CEPC (68%)
-0.15 -0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15-0.15
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
Current (68%)CEPC baseline (68%)Improved ΓZ (68%)
-0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04-0.04
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
S
T
Electroweak Fit: S and T Oblique Parameters
CEPC baseline (68%)Improved ΓZ (68%)
Improved ΓZ, mt (68%)
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Higher Energies
• Precise determination of the top mass ( ) with the threshold scan method (350 GeV reachable at FCC-ee/ILC/CLIC )
• Top-Higgs Yukawa coupling (500 GeV) accessible at ILC/CLIC with expected precision of and Higgs-self coupling via
30
�gt/gt = 10%
�mt ⇠ 100 MeV
e+e� ! tt̄h
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
ILC/CEPC/FCC Complementary
• Higgs coupling measurements: considerable improvement in precision for bb, gg, cc, WW, 𝝉+𝝉- and 𝞒tot ,+ top-Higgs coupling, top mass by ILC
• Accelerator technologies (e.g. RF cavity) and detector technologies (vertex detector, calorimeter, etc. ) → important to exploit the synergies
31
ILC 250+350+500 GeV with 500+200+500 fb-1CEPC 250 GeV with 5000 fb-1ILC + CEPC
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
[TeV]g~m0 2 4 6 8 10 12
[TeV
]0 1χ∼
m
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-1100 TeV, 3000 fb-133 TeV, 3000 fb-114 TeV, 3000 fb
-114 TeV, 300 fb
01
χ∼qq01
χ∼qq→g~g~→pp discoveryσ5
Physics@100 TeV
• Physics opportunities: Naturalness, Dark Matter, EW phase transition … → much extended searches with unprecedented high energy
32Waiting for more results/hints from the LHC
gluino-neutralino with LF decays
[TeV]g~m0 2 4 6
[TeV
]0 1χ∼
m
0
2
4
6-1100 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb
-133 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb-114 TeV, 140 PU, 3000 fb
-114 TeV, 50 PU, 300 fb
01
χ∼tt01
χ∼t t→g~g~→pp discoveryσ5
gluino-neutralino with HF decays
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Summary
• ILC/CLIC, CEPC-SPPC and FCC: extraordinary physics potential → precision measurements + search for New Physics
• Important to exploit the synergies between different projects (accelerator/detector/computing and more) → Global Efforts
33
CEPC-SPPC (50 km)
FCC (80 km)
(HL-)LHC (27 km)
ILC (31 km) /CLIC (48 km)
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Extra Slides
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Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
Cross-sections
35
e−
e+
Z∗
Z
H
e−
e+e+
Z∗
Z∗
e−
H
e−
ν̄ee+
W ∗
W ∗
νe
H
dominant process at the threshold
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics
CEPC-SPPC PreCDR International Reviews
36
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 37
Overview of Future Colliders, H. ZhuInstitute of High Energy Physics 38
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