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Organized Crime Groups: Profiles and Examples
Worldwide
Tihana Tucaković, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb ttucakovic@gmail.com
Organized criminal group
• Definition of organized criminal group
• Profiles of OCGs
• OCGs around the world
Definition
• United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime:
• a structured group of three or more persons, existing for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or offences established in accordance with the Convention, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit
UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime
• Entered into force on 29 September 2003
• Protocols: 1) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish
Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children
2) Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air
3) Protocol against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, their Parts and Components and Ammunition
DRUG TRAFFICKING
MONEY LAUNDERING
SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS
CORRUPTION
PROSTITUTION
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
TRAFFICKING IN FIREARMS
COUNTERFEITING
Profile
• Structure • Size • Activities • Transborder operation • Identity • Violence • Corruption • Political influence • Penetration into the legitimate economy • Co-operation with other OCGs
Structure
• Rigid hierarchy
• Devolved hierarchy
• Hierarchical conglomerates
• Core groups
• OC networks
Rigid hierarchy
-UNODC Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries
Devolved hierarchy
-UNODC Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries
Hierarchical conglomerate
-UNODC Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries
Organized criminal network
-UNODC Pilot Survey of Forty Selected Organized Criminal Groups in Sixteen Countries
Structure
RIGID HIERARCHY
DEVOLVED HIERARCHY
HIERARCHICAL CONGLOMERATE
CORE CRIMINAL GROUP
ORGANISED CRIMINAL NETWORK
Penetration into the legitimate economy
NONE OR LIMITED
SOME INVESTMENT OF PROFITS OF CRIME IN LEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES
EXTENSIVE CROSS-OVER BETWEEN LEGITIMATE AND ILLEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES
Co-operation with other OCGs
NONE
IN THE BASE-COUNTRY
ABROAD
BOTH IN THE BASE-COUNTY AND ABROAD
UNKNOWN
OCGs around the world
• Italian Mafia
• Russian criminal enterprises
• African criminal enterprises
• Asian criminal enterprises
• Middle eastern criminal enterprises
• Western Balkan criminal enterprises
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