organization of the nervous system overview of the central (cns), peripheral (pns), autonomic (ans),...
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Organization of the Nervous System
Overview of the
Central (CNS),
Peripheral (PNS),
Autonomic (ANS),
Enteric (ENS)
Nervous Systems
Meningial Cell
• Cells that form the meningeal cell layers of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord
Meninges
• is a three layered covering of brain in which blood vessels travel and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is absorbed.
• Meninges means “covering”in Greek
• Dura Mater: hard mother in Latin
• Arachnoid Membrane: spider web like
• Pia Mater : gentle mother in Latin
Dura Mater:
• tough inelastic leather-like membrane covering brain/spinal cord
• Blood vessels cross through it
• Protects brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid Membrane:
• Spider-web like membrane
• Sub-arachnoid space is filled with CSF and the arachnoid villi of blood vessels of the arachnoid re-absorb the CSF
Pia Mater
• closely adheres to brain and spinal cord tissue
• Blood vessels penetrate pia to supply brain
• Separated from arachnoid membrane by the subarachnoid space
blood-brain barrier
• blood vessels have special anatomy that provides blood-brain barrier that prevents toxins, viruses and improper chemical environment from affecting brain cells.
Ventricles
• The brain is hollow, ie there are CSF-filled caverns and canals inside the brain
• Two lateral ventricles, left and right
• 3rd ventricle
• 4th ventricle
Ependymal Cell
• Epithelial cells that line the ventricular system
• Can also secrete CSF in some locations of the ventricles
• CSF cushions & protects brain and provides chemical environment for proper brain function
CSF
• Choroid plexus (epithelial cells) resides in 3rd & 4th ventricle and makes CSF
• Hydrocephalus (water on the brain) results from accumulation of CSF
Microglia
• Smallest glial cell
• No known role in healthy nervous system\
• Involved in repair of nervous system after injury or infection
• Multiply quickly, migrate to injured area and phagocytize dead cells.
• Behave like macrophages
Exam 1
• Cells: Chapter 1-Nolte-Human Brain
• History: Chapter 1- Bear
• Organization of NS: Ch 7 Bear – Or
• any book on reserve has a chapter devoted to general organization
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