organic molecules lipid structure monomer: fatty acid polymer: lipid fats, oils, waxes phospholipid...
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Organic Molecules
Lipid Structure• Monomer: Fatty Acid• Polymer: Lipid• Fats, Oils, Waxes• Phospholipid Stucture (3 parts):
– “Head” of glycerol & phosphate(polar) – “Tail” of 2 fattys (non-polar)
• Make up the cell membrane– Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane
Phospholipid
Lipid StructureGlycerol moleculeTriglyceride:
• Structure (2 parts)– “head” = glycerol– “Tail” = 3 fatty acids
• Function– Provide Energy for cells– Insulation– Cholesterol: Gives cell membrane flexibility
Saturated Fats
• Long chain of C-C bonds (all single bonds)
• Each C is “saturated” with H atoms• Single bonds are easier to compact =
solid at room temps• Very common in animal fats
Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids.
think
Unsaturated Fats
• Long chain of C-C bonds (some double bonds)
• Double bonds• Prevent H from attaching• make “kinks”, which are not easily
compacted = Liquid at room temps
• Plant fatsthink
Normally, blood flows freely through a vein
Blood veinRBC
Too much saturated fats…
Blood veinRBC
RBC
RBCRBC
Cholesterol & saturated fatsReduced circulation…Blood clots…High blood pressure
RBC
RBCRBC
RBC
RBCRBC
RBC
RBCRBC
RBCRBC
RBC
RBC
Cholesterol levels
Which has more H?
Recap
1) What are the three parts of a phospholipid?a. Which part(s) is/are the “head”? b. Which part are the “tails”?
2) What are the two parts of a triglyceride?a. Which part(s) is/are the “head”? b. Which part are the “tails”?
3) How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ?
4) Which lipid gives cells their flexibility?5) Why are saturated fats less healthy?
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic Acid Basics•Contain instructions to build protein•2 typesoDNAoRNA
•Made up of smaller units called nucleotidesomonomer = nucleotideoPolymer = nucleic acid
– Nucleotides are made of three parts: • a sugar • phosphate group• nitrogen base.
- Adenine (A) - Thymine (T)- Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C)
A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base
deoxyribose (sugar)
Monomers link to make polymers!
Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acid!
These are the instructions for the cell to make protein.
DNA
• Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides• DNA bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
– A pairs with T– C pairs with G
• DNA stores the info required to make a protein• Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein
Predict the nucleotides to fill in this DNA chain
RNA
• 1 chain of nucleotides• RNA bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine• Copy the DNA code… deliver code to ribosome to
create a protein
Recap1) Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double
helix, Nitrogen base2) Name the monomer of nucleic acids.3) How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated?
RNA?4) Name the three parts to a nucleotide.5) What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond
with?6) If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would
the attached DNA strand read?7) How are DNA and RNA different? Same?
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