optics

1

Optics

2

Textbook: Introduction to optics, 3rd Edition, Pedrotti, Pren

tice Hall, 歐亞代理

參考書籍 :1.Optics, Eugene Heicht, Addison Wesley, 歐亞代理 .2. B. E. A. Salah, M. C. Teich,, Wiley Interscience, 歐亞代

理 .3. Ajoy Ghatan, Optics, International Edition, 3rd Edition, M

c Graw Hill, 高立代理 .

作業 & 隨堂測驗 25% 、上課狀況 & 點名 15%期中考 30% 、期末考 30% 。

3

1.Nature of light

4.Wave Equations 5.Superposion of waves

6. Properties of Lasers

7. Interference of light 8. Optical Interferometry

9. Coherence 10. Fiber optics

11.Fraunhofer Diffraction 12.Diffraction grating

13.Fresnel Diffraction

14. Matrix treatment of Polarization

15. Production of Polarized Light

4

CH1

Nature of light

5

• Wave-particle duality Photons

• E=hν=h / p

• Light behaves like waves in its propagation and in phenomena of interference and diffraction;

• However, it exhibits particle-like behavior when exchanging energy with matter, as in the Compton and photoelectric effects

6

• E = mc2 + Ek

• rest-mass kinetic

• energy energy

• Photon m=0 zero rest mass

7

• Electrons obey Fermi-Dirac Statistics

no two e- in the same state, same physical

properties

• Photons obey Bose-Einstein statistics

identical photons with the same energy, momentum, and polarization can occur together in large numbers

8

c=ν

ν

Ex 1-2

9

10

dd

I

dA

dE

ee

ee

Irradiance W/m2

Radiant intensity W/sr sr: steradians

11

224

4

r

I

r

I

AdA

dE eeeee

12 coscos

2

dAd

d

dA

dIL eee

13

Lambert‘s cosine Law

If radiance is constant at each angle

Perfectly diffuse ， Lambertian surface

radiate uniformly in all directions

cos0II

const

A

I

A

I

A

ILe

0

cos

cos0

cos

1422211

22

222

22

2

11222

12

111

12

1

coscoscos

coscoscos

dAr

dAd

dAd

dL

dAr

dAd

dAd

dL

If dΦ1 ＝ dΦ2

L1 ＝ L2

15

1 2

122

12

212

112112

2 coscos

A A

dr

dALdAd

16

Page 14 Ex1 － 3

Consider a Φe ＝ 5mW He － Ne laser emitting a beam with a divergence angle αof 1.3mradians. The laser cavity is designed so that the beam emerges from a surface area ∆As=2.5x10-3 cm2 at the output mirror.

a. Determine the solid angle ∆ in term of R and α.b. Determine the radiance of this laser light source in units of

srcm

W

2