operator basics-storage and distribution 2016 - rcac system elements: pipes • gray cast iron pipe...
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3/18/2016
1
Operator Basics:
Storage and
Distribution
RCAC 2016 Online Training Series
Storage and Distribution Word Search
N F O Q V E U R L N E B K W S
M Z I B D T L L B O L O C D S
F E E R H B E A C I E L O E W
B B E R E W F I Z T V T L T O
A U U V R F T C R A A E B E H
L S R A L S L X G R T D X V U
T Q E I A A Y O H O E P S I L
W L N L E U V M W P D L E R F
C G P L J D K P J R C A S T S
S T A N D P I P E O N P K S T
E D W Q M A I W P C V V K N O
H Y D R A N T R R C N A U U P
A Q F Y H V Z W O I E N E T J
Y T I R U C E S A N Q V B U S
L E E T S E U M S S X S D S Y
BAFFLING BLOCK BOLTED BURIED CAST CLEARWELL
CORPORATION ELEVATED FIREFLOW HYDRANT IRON MAIN
PLASTIC PVC RIVETED SECURITY STANDPIPE STEEL STOP
THRUST VALVE
Can you spot the difference? Total of 10
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WELCOME!
This training is presented by RCAC with
funding provided by the California State Water
Resources Control Board Division of Drinking
Water (DDW)
Your Moderator Today…
Neil Worthen
Las Cruces, NM
nworthen@rcac.org
The Rural Community Assistance Partnership
RCAC
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RCAC Programs
• Affordable housing
• Community facilities
• Water and wastewater infrastructure
financing (Loan Fund)
• Classroom and online training
• On-site technical assistance
• Median Household Income (MHI) surveys
Control
Tabs
Audio
Controls
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Attendee
List
Today’s
Materials
Marking
Tool
Hide/Restore
Control
Panel
Questions?
Text your questions and comments anytime during the session
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Performance Assessment
Rating Tool (PART)
• 4 to 6 weeks from today
• Email w/ today’s workshop in subject line
• 3 questions – 3 minutes maximum
• How did you use the information that was
presented today?
• Funders are looking for positive changes
• Help us continue these free workshops!
Where is my Workshop Brochure?
• If you registered for a training in the last two years no action is required
• If you have not registered via RCAC’swebsite for a training in the last two years go to:www.rcac.org/trainings/registration-helpand set up an account
• It’s easy!
Where is my Certificate For Contact Hours?
• Certificates for training hours can be downloaded and self-printed
• Go to www.rcac.org/trainings/registration-
help
and set up an account
• It’s easy!
• Starting in 2016 certificates for online training hours will not be mailed
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Questions / Discussion
Your Presenter Today…
Michael Boyd
Rural Development
Specialist:
Environmental
Gering, NE
mboyd@rcac.org
Operator Basics:
Storage and
Distribution
RCAC 2016 Online Training Series
3/18/2016
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Time for a Poll.
• Who is here today?
Outline
• Distribution System Basics/Components
• Definitions
• Storage Tanks
• Operations
• Summary
• Program Implementation
Ancient Water Systems
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• Transport water from treatment to
customer
• Fire protection
• Types of Systems
• Watering Point
• Haul System
• Piped
Water Distribution Systems
• Must be capable of furnishing water of:
• Satisfactory sanitary quality (potable)
• Satisfactory aesthetic quality
• Satisfactory quantity
• Minimum PSI?
Water Distribution Systems
Distribution System Typical
Components
• Water mains
• Control valves
• Service lines
• Meters
• Fire hydrants
• Pumping stations
• Booster stations
• CCC
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Distribution System Types
• Community
• NTNC
• TNC
• NC
• Operationally there
are two.
• Looped
• Branch
Tree
Deadends
Storage
Storage
Transmission
Transmission
Distribution System
Cl2
1st
Customer
Source
Grid
Looped
Storage
Storage
Transmission
Transmission
Distribution System
Cl2
1st
Customer
Source
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How do these systems operate
differently?
Branch Style System Looped System
Text Entry-How do these systems operate
differently?
Branch Style System Looped System
WATERING POINT CRITERIA
• Hose should be NSF approved material,
reinforced, heat traced, and PVC lined
• NSF ?
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Rural and Tribal Environmental
Solutions (RATES)
Watering point
HAUL SYSTEMS
• Water delivered to customers by truck
• Same hose requirements as point
system
• Tank should be disinfected on regular
basis
Haul System
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HAUL SYSTEM
Distribution System Elements
What type of water pipe do you have?Underline or circle
Copper PVC Plastic
Ductile iron No idea
Other
Asbestos cement
Steel
HDPE black plastic Redwood
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• Pipes
• Amount of H20 a pipe can carry is
related to its size and interior surface
smoothness
• “C” Factor
• Separation for water pipe from
sewer pipe is 10 ft horizontally and
18 inches vertically
Distribution System Elements: Pipes
• Gray Cast Iron Pipe (Ductile’ s predecessor)
• Ductile Iron Pipe
• Asbestos Cement Pipe
• Steel Pipe
• Wood
• HDPE
• PVC
PIPE MATERIALS
Questions?
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• Cast Iron Pipe
• First official record of Cast Iron pipe installation was in 1455 in Siegerland, Germany
• 1644 – French King Louis XIV
• Ordered the construction of a Cast Iron pipe main extending 15 miles from a pumping station at Marly-on-Seine to Versailles to supply water to the fountains and town. The pipe served the palace gardens for more than 330 years
Gray Cast Iron Pipe
Gray Cast Iron Pipe
• Cast Iron Pipe
• Introduced to the United States as early
as 1817 when installed in the
Philadelphia water system
• In North America, more than 600 utilities
have had useful century-old CIP, and 22
utilities have had functioning CIP that
exceeded 150 years in age
True of False?
• I still have CIP in
my system
todayHHH
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Ductile Iron Pipe
• 150 to 300 psi
• 3 inch to 64 in
• 18 ft – 24 ft lengths
• Smooth Interior
• C value 140
Ductile Iron Pipe – 1950’s
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• Manufactured by melting recycled steel, iron scrap, plant-returned scrap and pig iron
• Graphite (carbon)• Instead of flakes, graphite in the iron matrix is
distributed in spheroidal form
• Ductile Iron pipe• Twice the strength of CIP
• CIP no longer manufactured in North America
Ductile Iron Pipe vs. Cast Iron Pipe
MACHINE END
ROUGH BARREL
Cast Iron (CIP) and Ductile Cast Iron (DCIP) - Push on joint
Gray Cast Iron (CIP) and Ductile Cast Iron (DCIP) - Mechanical joint
Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipe
AC/Transite pipe
• Installed mid-1900’s
• Can loose strength
over time-calcium
leeching
• Repair can be
problematic
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Rural and Tribal Environmental
Solutions (RATES)
Protect and cover pipes
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• Main Breaks
• Evaluate the site to be excavated
• What type of soils, where is break, how long will ditch be open, weather
• Type of Equipment
• Can you safely operate inside the work zone
• Control people and traffic in the area
• Shoring and safety of site
• Ladders in 4 ft deep trench, every 25 feet, spoils 4 ft away
• Putting line back in service
• Disinfect, pressure test, BacT samples
Distribution System Repairs
Main Breaks:
Other Considerations
• Water Flow
• Excavation depth
• Sump Depth
• Shoring
COUPLING DEVICES
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Bell-Spigot/MJ
• Used to connect appurtenances or
change direction.
• Appurtenances – Parts of the main
structure necessary to allow it to operate
as intended, but not considered part of the
main structure.
• Valves, hydrants, tees, elbows, etc.
• Cast iron, PVC, HDPE, stainless
• Flanged, mechanical joint, threaded, glued,
heat fused.
FITTINGS
Cast iron
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Thrust Block Locations
Components in my system
underline all that apply
• Altitude Valves
• Fire Hydrants
• AC Pipe
• Curb Stops
• Meter Pits
• Butterfly Valves
• Second “non-potable”
system
• Lead Service Lines
THE VALVES!!!!
• Used to control pressure
• Control flow
• Regulate levels
• Isolate sections of line
• Release air
• Prevent vacuum
• Introduce air
• Prevent backflow
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VALVES
• Common types include:
• Gate
• Butterfly
• Globe
• Plug
• Ball
• Air control
• Check valves
• Reduced pressure zone assemblies
Plug Valve
GATE VALVE COMPONENTS
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MAIN LINE VALVE BOX
BUTTERFLY VALVES
AIR VALVES
• Air vacuum
• Allow escape of air while line is filled
• Prevents collapse of pipe during drawdown
• Air release
• Installed at high points to collect and relieve
air
• Combination
• Air release and vacuum relief (air vac)
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COMBI AIR-VACUUM VALVE
GLOBE VALVES
• Used to reduce pressure in system,
control flow from pump.
• Only valve approved to control pressure.
• Throttle a gate valve?
• Altitude valves control level of water in a
reservoir.
GLOBE VALVE
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ALTITUDE VALVE
PLUG VALVES AND BALL VALVES
• Plug valve simplest of all valves
• Movable closure with hole
• Ball valves easier to operate
Time for a Quiz
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FIRE HYDRANTS
• Primary function is fire suppression
• Post and flush classifications
• WET BARREL
• Used in warm climates
• Independently operated discharge ports
• DRY BARREL
• Operating valve installed below ground
• Top portion drains
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Dry Barrel Hydrants
CUSTOMER SERVICES
• METERS (residential)
• Nutating disc
• Oscillating piston
• Turbine meter
• Service Lines
• Copper
• Poly
• PVC
• Others?
Propeller or Turbine Style
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Nutating disc and piston meters
SERVICES FITTINGS
• TAPPING MACHINE
• Allows tapping main line w/o shutdown
• Uses saddle clamped around line
• CORPORATION STOP
• Connects the main line to the service
• PITORIFICE
• Special corp stop used in recirculating
systems
Pit OrificeCorporation Stop
Tapping Machine
Saddle
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FITTINGS CONTINUED
• CURB STOPS
• Brass valve in service line, access in valve
box
• ANGLE STOP
• Brass valve fastened to the meter
• METER SETTER
• Allows service line to be buried at a safe
depth
Rural and Tribal Environmental
Solutions (RATES)
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Standard Meter Installation
VALVE BOXGROUND LEVEL
WATER METER
ANGLE STOP
WATER MAIN
METER
SETTER
SERVICE LINE
LIMIT OF UTILITY
INSTALLATION
OR PROPERTY LINE
CORPORATION STOP
Customer Service Meter Installation
Text Entry-Typically, how long do you
think these components will last?
Pipes
Valves
Hydrants
Meters
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Typically, how long do you think these
components will last?
Pipes 35 to 40 years
Valves 35 to 40 years
Hydrants 40 to 60 years
Meters 10 to 15 years
Standard Operations-Distribution
System
• Weekly
• Review Repairs
• Check for visual leaks
• Monthly
• SAMPLING
• Log chlorine results
• Flushing
• Yearly
• Distribution system
programs
Distribution System Programs
• Valve Turning-Yearly
• Hydrant Flushing-
Twice Year
• Meter
Replacement/Repair-
10% every 5 years
• Leak Detection-every
5 years
• CCC-?
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Questions ?
Storage Tanks
• Maintain pressure on system
• Provide flow during peak demand
• Provide fire demand
• Provide surge relief
• Level out pumping demand
• Provide detention time
• Water Source Blending
Purpose
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STORAGE TANKS
• STEEL
• Bolted
• Welded
• Riveted
• CONCRETE
• Pre-stressed
• Cast in place
• WOOD
• Redwood
Standpipe
• Taller that Diameter
• Advantages
• Footprint
• Cost
• Disadvantages?
• ????
• How many ft. per psi?
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Elevated Storage
• Advantages
• ????
• Disadvantages
• Cost
• Inspection Cost
Ground Level Storage
• Above Ground
• Buried/partially buried
• Areas with dramatic
elevation change
• Advantages
Storage Protection
• Cathodic Protection• Low amperage current
• Sacrifices Iron (anode)
• Coatings • VOC compliant
• Specific Thickness
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HYDROPNEUMATIC TANKS
• Steel or fiberglass
• Pressurized by pump or air compressor
• Air pushes water into distribution system
• Maintain 2/3 water and 1/3 air
• Controlled by floats, pressure switches,
ultrasonic sensors.
Rural and Tribal Environmental
Solutions (RATES)
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Rural and Tribal Environmental
Solutions (RATES)
Pressure Tanks-Text Entry
Advantages Disadvantages
Tank Components to Maintain
• Inlet/outlet pipe – must be kept debris free
• Overflow pipe – discharge within one foot above ground, covered with flap valve or screen
• Drain connection – drain water should not erode, flood or cross flow
• Monitoring devices:
• Control water level in tank
• Data transmitted/recorded
• Alarm parameters to alert operator
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Tank Components to Maintain
• Valves:
• Isolation valves used to drain tank for
maintenance
• Inspect and exercise annually (minimum)
• Altitude valves automatically stop flow
(pumps) when water level approaches
overflow
Tank Components to Maintain
• Air vents:
• Allow air to enter and exit with fluctuating
water levels to prevent vacuum conditions or
excess pressure
• Should be screened to keep out animals and
insects
• Leak Detection
• Part of annual program
Tank Components to Maintain
• Access hatches:
• Used for entry and ventilation during
maintenance and inspection
• Hatches on roof must have rims under the
cover to prevent rain contamination
• Hatches at the bottom of tanks must be able
to withstand high water pressure
• Inspect and correct deficiencies annually
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Tank Components to Maintain
Tank Components to Maintain
• Ladders:
• Should be 8 ft from the ground, or shielded
to prevent unauthorized access
• Inspect annually for corrosion or wear
• Must meet OSHA requirements:
• Safety cage
• Safety cable or safety rail
Tank Security
• Fence
• Entrance hatch locked
• Ladders raised up
• Properly vented
• Confined space
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Standard Operations-Storage
• Daily-visual
inspection
• Level
• Pressure gauge
• Security
• Weekly
• Hatch, Vents
• Annually
• Cleaning? Lighting?
Polling Question
When was the last time your water storage tank
was inspected and/or cleaned?
A. A year to five years ago
B. More than five years ago
C. More than ten years ago
D. It’s never been done
E. I don’t want to talk about it
Summary
• Distribution System
• Storage Tanks
• Operations/Maintenance
• Programs
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Questions ?
Time for our survey…
Break Time
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