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UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 1
OpenSource Desktop GIS Developments –
Is OpenJUMP GIS approaching your Desktop?
Stefan Steiniger
GIUZ, University of Zürichsstein@geo.uzh.ch
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 2
My Motivation
objectives:
• clarify some points on opensource software
• give an overview on opensource GIS tools
• talk on OpenJUMP GIS and its development
OpenJUMP, Image: Uwe Dallüge
GRASS GIS, Image: M. Lennert (http://grass.itc.it)
Quantum GIS, Image: M. Neteler
(pinus.chinju.ac.kr)
uDIG, Image: Refractions.net
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 3
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
2. OpenSource GIS
3. JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
4. Why using FOSS as researcher?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 4
OpenSource on the Desktop:• Mozilla Firefox (browser) & Thunderbird (email client)• OpenOffice• Inkscape (vector) & GIMP (images) - drawing• FreeMind• PDFCreator• VideoLan Player (VLC)• JabRef – bibliography tool• MikTex & TeXnicCenter• Miranda IM - messenger• R, SciLab, GStat - statistics
Examples of OpenSource Software (OSS)
images: Wikipedia/enGIMP R
SciLab
OpenOffice
VLC
FreeMind
JabRef
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 5
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
• 3 Questions
• 2 Licenses (GPL & LGPL)
• 3 Misconceptions and 6 Myths
Note: talking about software licensing isn‘t a piece of cake
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 6
1. OpenSource and Free Software (1)
What makes up a Free („copyleft“) Software?
Free OpenSource Software (FOSS) meets 4 Constraints (www.fsf.org):
1. The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0)
2. The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to yourneeds (freedom 1).
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor(freedom 2).
4. The freedom to improve the program, and release yourimprovements to the public, so that the whole community benefits(freedom 3).
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 7
1. OpenSource and Free Software (2)
Is there a difference between OpenSource and Free Software?
OpenSource: is a term and „brand“
(Open Source Initiative - OSI: opensource.org)
Free Software: is a philosophy
(Free Software Foundation - FSF: www.fsf.org)
- Both describe software that is free of onerous licesense restrictions(use, copy, study, modify)
- But the word „OpenSource“ does not tell about the freedom to modify and redistribute
- A few cases exists where OSI approved licenses are not FSF approved
Do I need to care? not really, it is not about the terms OpenSource
or FOSS, but about a specific license
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 8
1 OpenSource and Free Software (3)
Terms related to OpenSource and Free Software
some
license
types
Source: Chao-Kuei (www.fsf.org/licensing/essays/categories.html)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 9
1. OpenSource and Free Software (4)
What are differences between OpenSource and Proprietary Software?
- installation knowhow necessary
- training costs**
- price & maintenance fees
- customized development is difficult
- support as long as company exists
+ no license fees
+ unrestricted use (e.g. # installations)
+ no update enforcement
+ support of open standards
+ customization at API level
+ warranty* of developing company on product :holds for every company
+ components should work together
+ usually well documented software
OpenSource / Free Software
(e.g. OpenOffice, GRASS GIS)
Proprietary Software
(e.g. Microsoft Office, ArcGIS)
Note: I did not use the term commercial software here!
Based on comparison by Martin Weis (2005)*) BUT: license agreements often exlucede warranty**) BUT: user choice to invest in own resources or buy
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 10
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
• 3 Questions
• 2 Licenses (GPL & LGPL)
• 3 Misconceptions and 6 Myths
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 11
1. OpenSource and Free Software (5)
- Several OSI and FSF approved licenses exists (large development projects have sometimes own ones)
- well known OpenSource licenses:
• GNU General Public License (GPL – full protection of freedoms)
• GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL – full protection)
• BSD (Berkeley), XFree86 (MIT), Apache, Mozilla, …(limited prot.) | (no protection) | …
Btw: What‘s GNU? ☺
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 12
1. OpenSource and Free Software (6)
The GNU General Public License - an immune license!
some license terms (of GPL Version 2):
• allows to run the program for your own purpose (§0)
• allows to copy and distribute -- if the GPL license/copyright is contained (§1)
• allows to modify the code and to distribute these versions -- if the modifications are documented and the modified versions are also licensed under GPL(!) (§2)
• allows distribution of the program and modified versions only -- if source code is attached or available (written offer) for 3 years (§3)
• „You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.”
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 13
1. OpenSource and Free Software (7)
What is meant if people say GPL is immune?
- When GPL software is modified or extended by others the licensemust still be GPL (another license is not allowed)
- When GPL software parts (i.e. as a function library) are used by othersoftware, then the license with the stronger restrictions/freedomremains, i.e. GPL license „wins“. (e.g. BSD & GPL = GPL)
To avoid the latter effect: Lesser GPL was introduced.
LGPL is very similar to GPL, but LGPL libraries can be used by non-GPL licensed software. (e.g. ESRI+GPL= , ESRI+LGPL = ☺)
Note: dual-licensing is an option and often done, this is possiblebecause the developer has still author rights on his work.
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 14
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
• 3 Questions
• 2 Licenses (GPL & LGPL)
• 3 Misconceptions and 6 Myths
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 15
1. OpenSource and Free Software (8) - Myths
Misconceptions about the GPL license*:
1 – „If you use code licensed under the GPL, you have to releaseyour program's source code no matter what."
Correct: source code must be released only if you distribute thesoftware
2 – „Software licensed under the GPL must be given away for free, it cannot be sold."
Correct: Copies can be sold and download fees raised.. the onewho pays is …. But what you pay usually for is documentation.
3 – „Any software created with GPL tools must be released underthe GPL."
Correct: Programs created with opensource software are notaffected by the GPL. Only programs that inlcude GPL code.
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 16
1. OpenSource and Free Software (9) - Myths
Parts of the following are taken from M. Wheatley*:
- Myth 1: The attraction is the price tagWheatley: stability and effectivity may be other factors**
- Myth 2: Savings aren‘t realWheatley: because you don‘t pay for every copy of thesoftware you can safe money
- Myth 3: There is no supportIf there is a user base, there is support. For instance forOpenJump GIS offer 2 companies paid support in Germany alone.
- Myth 4: It is a legal minefieldseveral off-court arrangements took place; indemnifications are
offered; in 2006 GPL proved ist validity as license on a court in Munich (Landgericht I).
* M. Wheatley, 2004: The myths of Open Source, www.cio.com
** ACTUATE, 2007: attraction no license fees: 82.8%
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 17
1. OpenSource and Free Software (10) - Myths
Parts of the following are taken from M. Wheatley*:
- Myth 5: OpenSource isn‘t for mission-critical applicationsWheatley: a banking system (Banca Popolare di Milano)runs with opensource components
- Myth 6: OpenSource isn‘t ready for the desktopthat‘s something I am hoping to refute below ☺
Btw: interesting figures- 50% of OSS projects started by companies with comercial intention*- In Germany 59% of companies „use“[?] OSS software (US: 48%)**- 80% of OSS developers are IT professionals (96% male )***
*) missing original source
**) ACTUATE (2007)
***) Robes et al. (2001), Hertel et al (2003), Open Source
Jahrbuch 2006: p. 210
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 18
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
2. OpenSource GIS
3. JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
4. Why using FOSS as researcher?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 19
Outline
OpenSource GIS
• Organization: A shared and divided World?
• OS GIS projects: Building a Spatial Data
Infrastructure with OSS?
• FOSS Desktop GIS: Only a selective overview!
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 20
2. OpenSource GIS (1)
Organizational Issues
- clarification: OpenGIS/OpenGeospatial Consortium ≠ OpenSource,
but rather about standards and „interfaces“/communication
- official body since 2006: OSGEO Foundation (www.osgeo.org)
- Infos on OSS: www.freegis.org
- conference series:
FOSS4G (worldwide, www.foss4g2007.org, 670 participants)
FOSSGIS (DE, www.fossgis.de)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 21
2. OpenSource GIS (2)
A shared and devided world?
- GIS tools developed and maintained by companies vs. enthusiasts
- C(++) projects vs. JAVA projects
- libraries vs. web tools vs. desktop applications
- OSGEO supports 12 software projects (3.Aug.2007),
=> What about the others?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 22
Outline
OpenSource GIS
• Organization: A shared and divided World?
• OS GIS projects: Building a Spatial Data
Infrastructure with OSS?
• OSS Desktop GIS: Only a selective overview!
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 23
2. OpenSource GIS (1)
Projects - „Bits“ of History:
Grass GIS* – 1978/80 first libraries: US Army Corps of Eng. (CERL)
. because ArcInfo was to expensive
. Fort Hood IS in 1982, Grass 1.0 in 1985,
. last release (V4.1) in 1992
. revival in 1997/1998 (Baylor Univ. & U. of Hannover)
. relicensing to GPL in 1999
Proj/Proj.4 – early 1980, Library for projections by USGS (Evenden 2003)
OpenMap – GIS toolkit, started 1992 as MATT with DARPA founding
OGR/GDAL – Library for raster and vector formats by F. Warmerdam
. focus on data conversion, launch in 1998
FreeGIS.org ‘99, UMN MapServer 96/97, PostGIS in 00/01, JTS 00/02
Desktop: SAGA ‘01/2, Thuban ‘03, JUMP ‘02/3, QGIS ‘02/3, uDIG ‘04/5*) Westervelt (2004)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 24
2. OS GIS Projects (2)
- non-exhaustive overview of projects in P. Ramsey (2004, 2006, 2007)
- GIS core tools projects (data i/o, api‘s, projection, indexing, geometry):
. GDAL/OGR (OSGEO)
. GeoTools (OSGEO) & DeeGree (lat/lon) & GeoAPI (OGC)
. Proj4 (projection library)
. Java Topology Suite (JTS) & Geometry Engine OS (GEOS)
Java Applications*
* Ramsey (2006)
C++ Applications*
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 25
2. OS GIS Projects (3)
Can we built a Spatial Data Infrastructure with OpenSource GIS tools?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 26
2. OS GIS Projects (4)
Example of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI):
http://INTERNET
WebMapServer
DesktopGIS
Data Collector
DesktopGIS
GIS Analyst
DataStorage
Data Provider
Map Viewer
Thin Client
Map Editor
Thick Client
End User (e.g.Municipality / NGO)
GeoPortal
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 27
2. OS GIS Projects (4)
Example of a SDI with OpenSource Components:
http://INTERNET
UMN MapServer,
GeoServer,
Deegree,
(MapGuide
OpenSource)
Data Collection:
OpenJUMP, ...
GIS Analysis:
GRASS GIS + QGIS,
Kosmo, gvSIG, SAGA,...
Data Storage:
PostGIS,
(H2 spatial)
Thin Client:
MapBuilder,
Mapbender
Thick Client:
uDig, QGIS,
Thuban, ...
End User (e.g.Municipality / NGO)
GeoPortal
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 28
Outline
OpenSource GIS
• Organization: A shared and divided World?
• OS GIS projects: Building a Spatial Data
Infrastructure with OSS?
• FOSS Desktop GIS: Only a selective overview!
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 29
2. FOSS Desktop GIS selection
- since 2002 a number of free Desktop GIS projects started (> 5)
- GRASS GIS and OpenMap earlier, but with military background
- different foci of OS GIS:
. user background: novice, familar user vs. expert
. application: data editing, conflation, analysis, viewing
. main data type: raster vs. vector
. devel. platform: C++, Java, Python, (PhP?)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 30
2. FOSS Desktop GIS selection – OVERVIEW
01. GRASS02. Quantum GIS (QGIS) 03. JUMP GIS family: OpenJUMP – SkyJUMP – deeJUMP - PirolJUMP04. uDig : (recently joined by/with JGrass team: dedicated to hydro - geomorphology)
05. SAGA06. Thuban : GIS viewer07. Kalypso : (dead?)08. gvSIG09. Kosmo10. OpenMap : GIS ToolKit11. ILWIS 12. mezoGIS : GIS viewer13. Fmaps : (dead)14. OrbisGIS : under development (promising)
not opensource, but free for use: Spatial Commander, Forestry GIS, Google Earth, ArcExplorer, TNTlite, TatukGIS Viewer, ...
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 31
2. FOSS Desktop GIS selection
authors ranking
Prof., lists (+)
User: strong
Dev: UniGöttingen
???Win,Linux, [C++]
Raster, Analysis
FamiliarU-Expert (Res)SAGA
OJ 1.2: SFS, WMS,GML,SLD (WFS/-T plugin)
WFS,WCS underdevelopment
gvSIG 1.0: SFS, WMS, WFS, WCS, WMC, GML
uDig 1.1: SFS, WMS, WFS, GML, SLD
QGIS 0.9: WMS, WFS, SFS (via PostGIS), GML (via OGR)
Grass 6.3: GML (via OGR), WFS, WMS
standards
Prof., lists (++)
Prof., lists (++)
Prof., lists (++)
Prof., lists (++)
Prof., lists (++)
Prof., lists (++)
supportcommunityplatfomappl. focususer level
User: ww, growing
Dev: ww, Volunt.
User: ww, strong
Dev: ITC/ 52°Nord
User: ww, strong
Dev: Company
User: ww, growing
Dev: Companies
User: ww, strong
Dev: ww, Volunt.
User:ww, large
Dev: Universities
Win,Linux, (Mac)[Java]
Win [MS Visual C]
Win,Linux, Mac [Java]
Win,Linux, Mac [Java]
Win,Linux, Mac [C++]
Linux, Mac (Win) [C,
Vec, Editing, Analysis
Vec+RasterAnalysis
Vec+Raster
goal: ArcViewfunctionality++
Vector, Web, Viewing, Anal.
Vec+Raster, Viewing, GRASS-GUI
Vec+Raster, Analysis
Novice-Expert (Res)
Novice-Expert
FamiliarU-Expert (Res)
Novice-Expert
Novice-FamiliarU
FamiliarU-
Expert (Res)
Evaluation criterion
JUMP / OpenJUMP
ILWIS
gvSIG
uDig*
QGIS*
GRASS
Desktop GIS
*) strong development activities: application focus may extend, ww = worldwide
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 32
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – Geographic Resource Analysis Support System (http://grass.itc.it/)
GRASS GIS Image: M. Lennert (http://pinus.chinju.ac.kr/grass/grass63/screenshots/images/native_wingrass63.jpg)
1st screenshot
of Windows
prototype
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 33
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – Quantum GIS (www.qgis.org)
Quantum GIS Image: M. Neteler (pinus.chinju.ac.kr)
note:
link to
Grass tools
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 34
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – user friendly Desktop Internet GIS(http://udig.refractions.net/)
uDig Image: http://udig.refractions.net/confluence/display/UDIG/Screenshots
Developer:
Refractions
Research Inc.
(Canada),
Axios (ES),
Organizations
based on
Eclipse RCP
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 35
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – Generalitat Valencia Sistema d‘InformacioGeografica (http://www.gvsig.gva.es/index.php?id=gvsig&L=2)
gvSIG Image: http://www.gvsig.gva.es
Developer:
IVER Techn.
(Spain)
Budget: 12 M.e
4 years, 40dev
from Region of
Valencia
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 36
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – ILWIS 3.4
ILWIS Image: http://52north.org/joomla/images/stories/52n/admin/ilwis_screenshots/ilwisss.jpg
Developer:
ITC (NL) &
52° Nord
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 37
2. FOSS Desktop GIS – System for Automated GeoScientific Analysishttp://www.saga-gis.uni-goettingen.de/
SAGA GIS: http://www.saga-gis.uni-goettingen.de/html/images/bild8.gif
Developer:
Uni Göttingen -
Physical Geography
Group
(Germany)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 38
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
2. OpenSource GIS
3. JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
4. Why using FOSS as researcher?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 39
What is OpenJUMP GIS?
• JUMP GIS - developed by VividSolutions Inc. and RefractionsResearch (Canada) for B.C. and Ontario Ministries (2001/2)focus: data conflation
• Java Unified Mapping Platform
• in 2003/4 development stopped due to limited funding
• group of volunteers* now tries to merge the developments:
„OpenJUMP“ as common „core“ (few changes as possible)
• users: professional organizations, teaching, research
*) JUMP Pilot Project, www.openjump.org
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 40
Outline
JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
• Functionality & Features
• Strengths & Weaknesses
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 41
3. OpenJUMP – Features (1)
Focus: vector data, editing & analysis
Functionality OpenJUMP 1.2 B:
. file formats: *.SHPr/w, GMLr/w, DXFr,w,p , MIFrw,p -- tiffr, jpgr, ecwr, MrSIDr,p
. database: PostGISr (w,p),
Oracler,p, ArcSDEr.p
. geometry and topology
validation tools
. vector overlay
. spatial & attribute query
. basic attribute calculator
To be continued…
p: functionality per plugin,
r: read, w:write
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 42
3. OpenJUMP – Features (2)
Functionality Continued.. :
. basic styling & labeling
. printingp (SVG)
. WMS & WFSp
. scripting (BeanShell,
Jythonp)
. multi-language support
. Java: Win, Linux, OSX
. license: GPL
p: functionality per plugin,
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 43
3. OpenJUMP – Features (3)
. simple user interface
. sophisticated modular architecture
. developer API (Java) . datastore framework (new, DB read)
. plug-in concept => enables rapid prototyping
JTS: Geometry library (OGC SFS,
spatial predicates, indexing, ..)
JUMP 1.1
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 44
Outline
JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
• Functionality & Features
• Strengths & Weaknesses
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 45
3. OpenJUMP – Review (1)
STRENGTHS: The UZH Gen Group uses JUMP Framework because:
• it‘s build on the (robust) geometry library JTS (OGC: SFS)
• it‘s written in Java (platform independent, suitable for web services)
• it supports standard data formats (shp, GML)
• the plugin framework enables:
• rapid prototyping
• easy customization
• it‘s visualization capabilities
Community:
- help by other users
- commercial support available
- functionality via plug-ins by others WebGen: Web Generalization Services,
Neun 2007 (Ph.D thesis)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 46
3. OpenJUMP – Review (2)
WEAKNESSES:
TECH: Missing functionality
- data loaded in memory (no caching)
- no writing to databases (except PostGIS),
- no raster algebra,
- no built-in projection support (but plugin exists)
- simple feature model (problems for advanced projects)
- basic visualisation capabilities (no data exploration)
• missing (end-user) documentation (…but on the way)
• slow core development
• no development road map
• user needs to inform oneself
• user feedback could be better (bugs)
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 47
Outline
1. OpenSource and Free Software
2. OpenSource GIS
3. JUMP GIS and OpenJUMP
4. Why using FOSS as researcher … ?
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 48
Why using FOSS?
Rationals…- no need to re-invent the wheel- saves money (no license fees)- is scalable (server applications)- best documentation available: the source code- adapt it to your needs- take it with you, and use it wherever you are- open source supports research principles:
„experiments must be reproducable“
Drawback: somebody may exploit your developments!
BUT.. You can stand on the shoulder of others, and as researcher you are probably paid by the society. So let‘s returnsomething…
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 49
5. Summary
You have seen…
• what „OpenSource“/Free Software means
• GPL misconceptions and myths
• OS GIS projects
• A selection of FOS Desktop GIS
• OpenJUMP GIS Strengths and Weaknesses
• delivered rationals for using FOSS
UZH GIS BrownBag 1. Nov 2007 50
Thank you for listening!
My Question: Is OpenJUMP GIS approaching your Desktop?
And your‘s…
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