open for use? the challenge of user generated content and its impact on open educational resources

Open for Use? The Challenge of User Generated Content and its Impact on Open Educational Resources

Steve WheelerUniversity of Plymouth, UK

Keynote speech for the EDEN Research Workshop, Budapest, October 2010

“The open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a community of users for non-commercial purposes”

- UNESCO (2002)

Open Educational Resources

http://www.wetcanvas.com

What can OER do?

• OER emphasises learning communities and learner engagement

• OER supports development of skills needed for problem solving

• OER creates opportunities for personalised learning

• OER allows students to create and share their own content

Adapted from: Holotescu, C. (2007) Open Educational Resources and FLOSS

OER is premised upon sharing resources

Community of interest

Community......has been defined as a group of interacting

people living in a common location.

http://www.psfk.com

In the digital age, common location is not as important as

common interest.

What are the characteristics of distributed learning communities?

http://www.zimbio.com

Celebration

Connection

http://i.imwx.com

Online, En massehttp://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com

Communication

Collaboration

http://idirekt.cz/soubory/t-mobile_dance2.png

User Generated Content

Celebration

Connection

Communication

Collaboration

User Generated Content is…

“…content that is created and shared freely by students and/or teachers and which has not been through a process of formal peer review”

Concede Project, May 2010

“Wikipedia is different in that it doesn’t try to frame the creation of new entries with commissioned beginnings and fixed endpoints. It is open to anyone to initiate an entry on Wikipedia, and no entry is ever formally closed, since it is also open to anyone to keep editing and altering whatever is already there.”

– Andrew Lih The Wikipedia Revolution (2009)

http://wikipedia.org

Advantages of OER

Sharing development costs of learning resources among institutions and professional communities means a better return on public investment

http://static-p3.fotolia.com

Advantages of OER

Promoting digital competencies for the knowledge society. Tools and content that enable learners to develop their creativity and critical thinking. http://dyslexicbrian.com St

Advantages of OER

Improving the quality of content. Quality control, feedback and improvement across the alliances, communities and networks that share the content.

http://static.squidoo.com

Advantages of OER

Supporting lifelong learning and social inclusion.

Accessibility of resources previously unavailable to specific groups of people. http://www.flaglercomputerclub.com

Offers flexibility in choosing from a broader range of subjects and topics for teaching and learning

Advantages of OER

http://www.uh.edu

Saves time and effort through the reusing of resources for which IPR/ Copyright issues have already been resolved.

Advantages of OER

http://qbn.com

Barriers to OER• Quality concerns• Suspicion of openness• Ownership (IP)• Sustainability• Search tools?

http://www.presd.org

Crowdsourced via Twitter

6 Trends for the digital age

Analogue DigitalTethered MobileClosed OpenIsolated ConnectedGeneric Personal Consuming Creating

Source: David Wiley: Openness and the disaggregated future of higher education

Characteristics of e-learning

Analogue DigitalTethered MobileClosed OpenIsolated ConnectedGeneric Personal Consuming Creating

Source: David Wiley: Openness and the disaggregated future of higher education

We have the technology to facilitate the rest, but do we have the will?!

Free/Open Content...

...describes any kind of creative work in a format that explicitly allows copying and modifying of its information by anyone, not exclusively by a closed organisation, firm or individual.

Source: Wikipedia

http://marshalevine.blogspot.com

Copyleft/Creative Commons

Ultimately: Freedom to openly access, use, copy, modify and share content

“Understanding how networks work is one of the most important literacies of the 21st Century.”

- Howard Rheingold

http://www.ischool.berkeley.edu

If ... information is recognized as useful to the community ... it can be counted as knowledge. The community, then, has the power to create knowledge within a given context and leave that knowledge as a new node connected to the rest of the network’.

– Dave Cormier (2008)

Open Networks

http://inperspire.blogspot.com

A Challenge to empirical knowledge – ‘Community as curriculum’

‘The rhizomatic viewpoint (…) suggests that a distributed negotiation of knowledge can allow a community of people to legitimize the work they are doing among themselves and for each member of the group, the rhizomatic model dispenses with the need for external validation of knowledge...’

- Dave Cormier (2008)

Rhizomatic knowledge

Participatory and negotiated experience of rhizomatic community engagement.

– Dave Cormier (2007)

0http://users.soe.ucsc.edu

LMS vs PLE

http://mohamedaminechatti.blogspot.com/2010/03/lms-vs-ple.html

Folksonomies

300,000 largest websites visualised using Favicons

Formal and Informal learning

Formal Learning Informal Learning

20% 80%Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.

Blended?

A tale of two papers

http://www.fromoldbooks.org

Open Scholarship

Open peer review

Transparency

Open impact

Closed Journal

3 years

Unknown

Open Journal

3 weeks

72,736

Time from submission to publication

Number of citations

Number of views

Journal impact factor

Content amplification

Event amplification

"The greatest danger in times of turbulence is not the turbulence. It is to act with yesterday's logic." - Peter Drucker

http://pixdaus.com

T: @timbuckteethE: swheeler@plymouth.ac.uk

B: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com

open for use? the challenge of user generated content and its impact on open educational resources

Education

geovation water challenge: open data masterclass

koodikerho.fi-esittely / open finland challenge 2015

globalgiving september 2010 open challenge - crowdfunding

computer generated papers as a new challenge to …

open challenge winners' welcome

allscripts open app challenge q&a webinar

urbanite project 2011: open city challenge

why open matters it pro challenge 2008

open minds for open classrooms - ict and equity: a global...

make your open source more open – conquering the...

open innovation challenge

open cities challenge carles ferreiro

open water challenge 2011

bronchial challenge testing - intech - open science open...

medefile - allscripts open app challenge

globalgiving - crowdfunding - global open challenge

open cluster challenge - norman lockyer observatory

the 7 days open source challenge

research open access effect of aerosol particles generated

101228 open ideo_kumasi sanitation challenge