one health in practice: identifying emerging infectious diseases at the human … cste... ·...

One Health in Practice: Identifying Emerging Infectious Diseases at the

Human-Domestic Animal-Wildlife InterfaceJonna Mazet, DVM, MPVM, PhD

Director, Wildlife Health Center & One Health InstituteGlobal Director, PREDICT USAID Emerging Pandemic Threats

School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of California, Davis

Health Experts Meet in Atlanta to Tackle the Deadly Animal-to-Human Link in Illness

Cull of the Wild

The “Interface” Where the action is!

Land Use Change & Human Population

Growth

Increased Contact Between Humans,

Livestock, & Wildlife

Enhanced Flow of Pathogens

Health Risks to Humans, Livestock,

& Wildlife

Livelihood Impacts & Economic Pressures

• Majority of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in people are of animal origin (zoonotic)

• 75% of emerging zoonoses have wildlife origins

• Human activities at the interface linked to EIDs (Nipahvirus, SARS, Ebola)

• Annual population growth among highest in buffers to protected areas near wildlife

TIME

Animal Amplification

Human Amplification

CASES

Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

DAY

CA

SES

Current Outbreak Detection and Response

Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003

First Case

Detection/Reporting

LabConfirmation

Response

Opportunity for control

DAY

CA

SES

First CaseDetection/Reporting

Lab Confirmation

Response

Effective Health Early Warning

Surveillance, Observations

and Monitoring Information

Adapted from J. Davis, Climate Adaptation Workshop, Nov. 2003

Opportunity for control

Develop a strategic framework for identifying and responding to pathogens of 

pandemic potential that have not yet emerged

EMERGING PANDEMIC THREATS PROGRAM

Challenge

Developing global capacity to anticipate and mitigate the spread of emerging 

zoonotic diseases from wildlife pathogens

Wildlife Surveillance Arm

SMART Surveillance

Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy in high risk locations for emergence

• Land use change• Hunting• Markets/trade• Wildlife/livestock

conflict• Extraction• Water availability• Global

transportation

Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy along high risk disease transmission interfaces

Digitized Risks and Interfaces

Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy for wildlife species of highest risk 

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

ARTIODACTYLA

CARNIVORA

CHIROPTERA

LAGOMORPHA

NON‐HUMAN PRIMATES

PERISSODACTYLA

RODENTIA

viruses/(dispubs/sp)

• Primates• Bats• Rodents• Birds• Suids• Carnivores• Ungulates

Taxonomic Groups

Developing a Targeted Surveillance Strategy using global information real‐time

yesBlood, swabs, urine, feces, tissues

pos

Refine with specific primers or sequencingAdvanced pathogen discovery

Specimen type

Targeted screening for different wildlife taxa

primates bats rodents human birds

Family level p

rimers Retro, Filo, 

Flavi, Orthomyxo, Paramyxo, Pox, Corona, Arena

Flavi, Corona, Henipa, Rhabdo, Arena, Filo, Reo 

Arena, Hanta, Pox, Alpha, Reo 

Syndromictesting

Orthomyxo, Paramyxo, Flavi

Follow‐up on‐the‐ground field investigationsdevelop diagnostics

screen local human casesscreen local wildlife 

Specific viral, ba

cterial testin

g

20 PCR protocols developed and going out to countries

5’

3’

PREDICT Tag

T7 Promoter

…400

…800

…1200

…1600

…2000

401…

801…

1201…

1601…

Filovirus

Cornavirus 1Cornavirus 1 (heminested)

SeadornavirusesSeadornaviruses (heminested)

Hantavirus 1Hantavirus 1 (nested)

Arenavirus 1

Arenavirus 2

ParamyxovirusParamyxovirus (heminested)

Coronavirus 2Coronavirus 2 (nested)

BocavirusBocavirus (heminested)

Flavivirus

Nipah VirusNipah Virus (nested)

Hantavirus 2Hantavirus 2(heminested)

Alphavirus (nested)Alphavirus

Universal Control 1

Post PCR / Gel Room

Building Wildlife Surveillance Capacity

PREDICT Surveillance Highlights Trained >1000 field personnel, veterinarians, laboratory technicians, public health workers and ministry officials from 20 countries

Building capacity to test for viral families in 17 labs Collected samples from > 25,000 animals (bats, rodents, birds, carnivores, primates, and ungulates)

Discovered 150 novel viruses in wildlife:               corona, boca, herpes, retro, adeno, rhabdo

Documented human pathogens in wildlife and animal‐origin pathogens in humans

Importance of Early Detection

• Key to Control • Reduction of Post‐transfer Host Adaptation • Potentially Lower Transmissibility• Allows Sequencing to Improve Quality & Speed of  

Diagnostics

PHYSICIANSEPIDEMIOLOGISTS

ANIMAL

HUMAN

ECOSYSTEM

SYNERGYSYNERGY

ECOLOGISTSPUBLIC HEALTHENGINEERS

ECONOMISTS

SOCIAL SCIENTISTS

VETERINARIANSMOLECULAR BIOLOGISTS