oceania post war.ppt

POST WAR PERIOD

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation

Reconstruction and development of railed ,roads and air transport

Mr. EJ Ward

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea) Australian charter for post-war New GuineaThe program for rehabilitation and development would have regard to “the moral and material welfare of the native inhabitants and the strategic importance of the area to Australia.”

1942

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea) Administration in New Guinea and Papua had been amalgamated Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit (ANGAU).

ANGAU continued to controlled until 1946

Papua-New Guinea

Provisional Administration.

December 1946

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea)Trusteeship over the Territory of New Guinea to Australia

Single administration

Australian government grants increased markedly from 1946 to support development and public service expansion.

…prepared plans for massive increases in assistance in education and health to prepare the people of Papua New Guinea for self-determination.

Political development, based on Western-style democracy was encouraged, initially through the development of local government councils. They were intended to overcome the problem posed by absence of suitable indigenous authorities and to “serve as institutions suited to the needs of Papuan society in a period of change

By 1969 there were some 142 councils in existence, representing almost 2 million people.

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea)

1950's

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea)

the light aircraft fields of the country were improved as the basis of inland transport, while flying boat services existed in the island's regions.

air control centre at Madang became one of the busiest in the world handling air freighter flights to the newly opened Highland centres such as Goroka, Kundiawa, Banz and Mount Hagen

Coastal shipping remained the basis of coastal and inter-island transport.

1950's

A. Reconstruction and Rehabilitation (Papua New

Guinea)

railways which provided transport in coconut plantations provided the main focus for rail operations in the post-War era. Choisel Plantation tramways on Soraken, Lindenhafen, Tinputz, Boau and Kunua plantations

longest serving plantation railways were on Soraken and Kunua plantations in north- west Bougainville .(1951)

B. Issues and Problem

• Bougainville Civil War

B. Issues and Problem

• Bougainville Civil War

was an armed conflict fought between Papua New Guinea and the Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA)

been described as the largest conflict in Oceania since the end of World War II, with approximately 15,000 to 20,000 Bougainvilleans killed.

B. Issues and Problem

• Bougainville Civil War

discovery of vast copper ore deposits in Bougainville's Crown Prince Range in 1969

Australian company Conzinc Rio Tinto.

Began production 1972 under the management of Bougainville Copper Ltd,

Panguna open cut mine was the largest in the world.

B. Issues and Problem

• Bougainville Civil War

set up the Bougainville Interim Government (BIG)The Bougainville Revolutionary Army (BRA)raskol (criminal) gangs that were affiliated with the BRA

• Nuclear testing in Oceania

B. Issues and Problem

A 21 kiloton underwater nuclear weapons test, known as

Operation CROSSROADS (Event Baker), conducted at Bikini Atoll

(1946).

• Nuclear testing in Oceania

B. Issues and Problem

•From 1946 to 1958, the Marshall Islands served as the Pacific Proving Grounds for the United States

•. "Mike“ (first hydrogen bomb), was tested at the Enewetak atoll in the Marshall Islands(November 1 (local date) in 1952, US

•1954 fallout from the American Castle Bravo hydrogen bomb test in the Marshall Islands

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