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Ocean temperature, hypoxia, and acidification: detecting the fingerprint of
climate change in California's coastal ocean
Drs. Emily B. Rivest, Sarah E. Moffitt, Tessa M. Hill June 16, 2015
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Sea Surface Temperature in Coastal CA Sea surface temperature (SST, e.g. upper 20 m) is rising globally.
How it is measured: Moored and shore-based sensors, and throughout the water column
Datasets: 317 • ongoing: 48% • ≥ 50 years: 2% • ≥ 10 years: 62%
Length of time series (years)
100 75 50 25 10 1
Metadata are obscured by the extensive spatial and temporal records from the
California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation (CalCOFI)
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Temperature Time Series Data from CeNCOOS/UCSD Shore Station Hopkins Marine Laboratory
What you see here: Seasonal variability,
ENSO variability Inter-decadal variability
In El Niño years, maximum temperatures change little, but
winter minima are warmer
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Biological Indicator for Temperature: Giant Kelp and Black Surfperch
0
0.1
4/19/01 1/14/04 10/10/06 7/6/09 4/1/12Blac
k Su
rfpe
rc(n
umbe
r
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Holdfast
h De
nsity
m
-2)
0
4
8
12
16
5/28/05 7/6/09 8/14/13Ho
ldfa
st D
iam
eter
(cm
)
DiameterFrond density
Biological indicators are complex and highly variable. Should be monitored concurrent with physical indicators.
0
25
50
75
100
4/19/01
Fron
d De
nsity
(num
ber m
-2)
-
30
20
15 10 5 1
Length of time series (years)
10
5 1
Dissolved Oxygen in Coastal CA Oxygen concentrations are declining in the interior of the ocean: • Ocean warming • Increasing stratification • Changing ocean
circulation
How it is measured: Moored sensors and throughout the water column in some places
Datasets: 53 • ongoing: 57% • ≥ 50 years: 0% • ≥ 10 years: 45%
(CALCOFI)
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Oxygen Time Series Data from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
[O2]
(ml/
L)
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
20 meters
300 meters
500 meters
20 meters
300 meters
500 meters
CalCOFI is documenting the decline of O2 concentrations in subsurface waters
(Bograd et al., 2008)
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Biological Indicator for Oxygen: Humboldt Squid
©2003 MBARI
Zeidberg and Robison, 2007
Consequence of oxygen loss in the interior of the California Current:
Invasion of predatory Humboldt Squid
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10 7 6 4 3 1
Length of time series (years)
Ocean Acidification in Coastal CA The ocean is acidifying as it absorbs anthropogenic CO2. Consequently, pH and carbonate ion concentrations are decreasing.
How it is measured: Moored, underway, and shore-based sensors record various carbonate chemistry parameters, usually pH and/or pCO2.
Datasets: 28 • ongoing: 25% • ≥ 50 years: 4% • ≥ 10 years: 11%
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7
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
11/1/12 3/3/13 7/3/13 11/2/13 3/4/14 7/4/14 11/3/14 3/5/15 7/5/15
Seaw
ater
pH
(tot
al sc
ale)
SeapHOx pH
Bottle data
Ocean Acidification Time Series Data from Bodega Marine Laboratory (BML)
Bodega Marine Lab is measuring
carbonate chemistry in coastal ocean,
producing data with signals of seasonal
upwelling.
Fall Spring Fall
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Biological Indicator for Ocean Acidification: Pteropods
Pteropod monitoring in plankton community
PMEL, NOAA
Pteropod shells dissolve when exposed to acidified seawater (we know this from laboratory experiments). This organism is an acidification “canary”.
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California is a global leader We want to continue to be the leader for documenting
impacts of climate change in coastal marine ecosystems
How can we do this? By supporting: • Existing time series to prevent data gaps • Data collection distributed across CA • Expansion of OA monitoring sensor networks • Co-location collection of abiotic and biotic
data
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What is ocean acidification (OA)?
The ocean absorbs ~28% of carbon dioxide emitted by industry and deforestation.
Sarah R. Cooley (scooley@whoi.edu)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Climate change
Ocean acidification
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• Harder to calcify skeletons and shells • Disturbed acid/base physiology
Ocean temperature, hypoxia, and acidification: detecting the fingerprint of climate change in California's coastal oceanSea Surface Temperature in Coastal CATemperature Time Series�Data from CeNCOOS/UCSD Shore Station Hopkins Marine LaboratorySlide Number 4Slide Number 5Oxygen Time Series�Data from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)Biological Indicator for Oxygen: Humboldt SquidSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11What is ocean acidification (OA)?Slide Number 13
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