object process methodology opm ד " ר אבי סופר. ניתוח מערכות מידע 2 opm...
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Object Process Methodology
OPM
ד"ר אבי סופר
2ניתוח מערכות מידע
OPM Basic Concepts
Emphasis Equally balancing static (structure) and dynamic (behavior)
aspects of the system Comprehension
Precise and concise syntax Dual notation: semantically equivalent intuitive graphics and
natural (yet formal) text Continuity
A unified model that supports the entire lifecycle Versatile complexity management mechanisms
Execution Ability to accurately represent threads of execution (scenario
simulation).
OPM is a comprehensive, generic, systems development and lifecycle support paradigm.
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OPM Syntax: Core Symbols
Entities: Object - A thing that exists for some time
Process - A thing that transforms an object State - A situation at which an object can be
Structural Relations Procedural Links
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OPM Object-Process Methodology
OPM integrates structure, function, and behavior into a single, unified model
Speaker handles Presenting.Audience can be Curious or Delighted. Curious is initial. Delighted is final.Presenting requires Ideas.Presenting changes Audience from Curious to Delighted.
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OPCAT Modeling
OBJECT
A thing that exists
PROCESS
A thing thattransforms objects
STATE
Describes theObject’s situation
LINKS
Procedural
Structural
Object-Process Diagram (OPD)
Object-Process Language (OPL)
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Example: Aggregation-participation
A structural relation between the whole and its parts
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Example: Exhibition-characterization
A structural relation between a thing and its features
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Example: Generalization-specialization
A structural relation between a thing and its specializations Known as the “is-a” relation
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Example: Classification-instantiation
A structural relation between a thing and its instances
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Example: General Link
A simple relation between two things
Unidirectional
Bidirectional
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Example: Bi-directional Tagged Links
A relation between two things whose semantics is expressed through tags
Each tag results in a separate sentence.
Single tag.
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System Structure: parts and features
Aggregation: Object consists of parts Exhibition: Object has features
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OPM Behavior Modeling: Procedural links
Enabling Links Agent link Instrument link Condition link
Transforming Links Result/Consumption (input/output) link Effect link
Event Links State change links Exception link Invocation link
Denote how processes relate to objects
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Enabling Links
Agent links connect agents and the processes they enable. An Agent is an intelligent enabler, who controls process executions in the way that suites his/her/its needs.
Instrument links connect instruments and the processes they enable. An Instrument is an enabler that is not agent, e.g.: tools, information, data, etc. Processing will occur when enabler is available ("wait until“).
Condition links connect processes with object states: Processing will occur if and only if the object is in the certain state (“gate keeper”).
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Enabling Links - Example
Editor handles Word Processing.Word Processing requires Word Processor.Computer can be On or Off.Computer consists of Word Processor.Word Processing occurs if Computer is On.
Word Processing requires Word Processor.
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Transforming Links (1)
Effect link: Object is changed in an unspecified way
Word Processing affects Document.
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Transforming Links (2):
Express how a process transforms the state of objects (1) Result Link: Create (generate) a new object
Object does not exist before the process starts
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Transforming Links (2):
Express how a process transforms the state of objects (2) Consumption Link: Destroy (consume) an existing object
Object does not exist after the process ends
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Transforming Links (3): Change state
Express how a process transforms the state of objects
Text can be Raw or Edited.Word Processing changes Text from Raw to Edited.
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States
SymbolDescription / OPL sentence
Stateful object with two states
A situation at which an object can exist.
Website can be reachable or unreachable.
ValueA value that an object can assume.
Temperature is 15.
Stateful object with three
states: initial, default, and
final
A state can be initial, default, or final.
Car can be new, which is initial, used, which is default, or junk, which is final.
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Moving from initial to final
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Event Links
LinkSymbolDescription / OPL sentence
InvocationP1 Invokes P2 (timing unspecified)
State Enterance/change
State entrance event links (top) connect between states and the processes which are triggered when the corresponding objects enter the specific states. The process may change the object state.(bottom) denotes that the triggered process changes the object state.
Time-out Exception
Time-out exception links connect timed processes or states with processes that should be activated in cases the processes/states violate their time constraints.
Denote process executions due to internal and external events.
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Event Links constructs State entrance event
links Left figure: When Object Status enters its before state, State Entrance Processing is activated. It does not change Object Status.
Right figure: When Object Status enters its before state, State Entrance Processing is activated. It also changes Object Status from before to after.
State change event link connect between objects and the processes which are triggered when there is a change of value or state in the corresponding
objects.
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Event Links constructs
Invocation
Time-out exception links connect timed processes or states with processes that should be activated in cases the processes/states violate their time constraints.
After 3 minutes that Timed Processing runs, Exception Handling should be activated.
After 3 minutes that Object Status is in its timed state, Exception Handling should be activated.
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Procedural Links - Example
OPLCustomer handles
Password EnteringPassword Correct can be
Yes or NoPassword Entering yields
Entered PasswordPassword Checking
requires Stored Password and Entered Password.
Password Checking affects Password Correct
Approving occurs if Password Correct is Yes
Approving yields ApprovalRepeating occurs if
Password Correct is NoRepeating invokes
Password Checking.
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OPM complexity management
Detail-based scaling: System modeling at any desired level of detail
Flexible combinations of three abstraction/refinement scaling modes: Processes: Out-zooming/In-zooming Objects: Folding/Unfolding States: Suppressing/Expressing
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Complexity Management: the System Map
First two nodesFirst two nodes
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A completeA complete
system mapsystem map
What about Unfolding ?
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OPM modeling example: Word Processor
The editor uses a word processor in order to convert the content of a document from raw text to properly edited material.
OPD Tree
Hierarchy
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Model Refinement: Process In-Zooming
Exposing the details inside a complex process
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Model Refinement: Unfolding Document
Avi SofferAnalysis of Case-studies32
Comparing OPM and UML
TargetConsistencyContinuityClarity
UML /
RUPGeneral purpose
Inconsistency, redundancy,
shallow semantics
Non-integrated process
Complex network of diagrams
OPMGeneral purpose
Clearly-defined semantics, process-driven consistency
Inherently-integrated process (complexity management)
Small set of well-defined building blocks
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Two system decomposition strategies
structurestructure behaviorbehavior statesstatesa
bst
rac
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ted
eta
iled
UML: aspect-based decompositionUML: aspect-based decomposition
easy
tra
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easy
tra
nsi
tion
OPM
: d
eta
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ase
d d
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mp
osi
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OPM
: d
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d d
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difficult transitiondifficult transition
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Simulation by animation
Start the simulation process
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Foundation Constructing in-zoomed
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Certificate is being created
Automated Telling Machine (ATM) SystemAutomated Telling Machine (ATM) System
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Transaction Execution zoomed-inTransaction Execution zoomed-in
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Account Checking blown upAccount Checking blown up
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Transaction Processing zoomed-inTransaction Processing zoomed-in
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