obesity a scientific update
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OBESITY: A SCIENTIFIC
UPDATE
Presented by: Holly Shaffer, MS CHES
February 2009
OBESITY A NATIONAL TREND- HOW BAD IS IT?
60% of Americans are overweight or obese.
The risk of becoming obese if you are 30 years old today is 39% for women and 48% for men.
Studies predict that based on current obesity rates, especially among youth and minorities, life expectancy in the US can be expected to decline!
Fido and Fi Fi are not immune either. Our pets are are suffering the same ill effects of being overweight
that we are.
OBESITY TRENDS* AMONG U.S. ADULTS
BRFSS, 1986(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
OBESITY TRENDS* AMONG U.S. ADULTS
BRFSS, 1995(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%
OBESITY TRENDS* AMONG U.S. ADULTS
BRFSS, 2000(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%
OBESITY TRENDS* AMONG U.S. ADULTS
BRFSS, 2005(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
OBESITY TRENDS* AMONG U.S. ADULTS
BRFSS, 2007(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
EXTRA POUNDS AND HEALTH CARE SPENDING
Obesity related illness have been responsible for a tenfold
increase in private health insurance spending since 1987.
Taking the frequency of obesity into account for a company
with 1,000 employees obesity would cost about $285,000 a
year (For Bentley that would be close to $900,000 a year!)
It is estimated that treating an obese individual costs 1,244
more than treating a healthy –weight individual. In 1987, the
cost difference was $272.
Source: RTI International Health, Social, and Economics Research and the CDC, 2005
NOT ALL FAT IS CREATED EQUAL
Apple vs. Pear- Which is better? Why?
Visceral Fat (fat around the middle)
Held within the deep organs increases pro-inflammatory diseases like: CAD (Coronary Artery Disease)
Depression/Bipolar
Alzheimer's
RA
Hip to Waist Ratio Greater than 35 inches for a woman
<.80 low risk <.85 Moderate risk
Greater than 40 inches for a man
<.90 low risk <1.0 moderate risk
Waist to hip ratio is more important than BMI or body fat measure when it comes to estimating risk of heart disease due to obesity!
HOW BODY SHAPE INFLUENCES YOUR HEALTH
Apples
Pears
Health Challenges: Heart
disease, diabetes, breast cancer
Diet strategy – High in complex
carbohydrates, moderate in
fats, moderate in protein
Best exercise- Walk 30 minutes every
day to burn apple-zone fat
Health Challenges: Osteoporosis,
varicose veins
Diet strategy – Low in fat, high in
complex carbohydrates, moderate in
protein
Best exercise- Resistance training 3
times a week to build bones
Source: The Body Shape Solution to Weight Loss and Wellness: 2005
FOOD ADDICTION: REAL OR IMAGINED?
Is it possible to be addicted to food?
YES! The right cortex of the brain controls pleasure and motivation.
Both cocaine and food cravings are linked with this cortex showing a
common brain pathway for drug addiction, food cravings and
hunger.
Our brains can actually get “high” on highly-preferred foods usually
high-sugar and high fat.
Chocolate the Perfect Fix!
*However drugs are far more powerfully addictive than food!
FACTORS THAT AFFECT OUR DESIRE TO EAT
CERTAIN FOODS
Genes/jeans- obese parents = obese kids
Food preferences (habits formed early in life usually by age 2)
Learned eating patterns
Social family influence
Environmental cues
Personality/Mood
HOW TO CURB FOOD ADDICTIONS
Wait 15 minutes before you “give in” to your craving get
busy and do something (walk, drink water, start a
household chore, etc.)
Find a food with characteristics you crave but less fat and
sugar.
Plan a controlled mini-binge; portion control is key-
Remember the 3 Bite Rule.
SLEEP CYCLE LINKED TO OVERWEIGHT
Studies show strong connection with lack of good quality
sleep and weight gain.
People who are sleep deprived have increased appetites
and crave foods that are high in calories, fat and sugar.
Over the past 40 years the amount of sleep Americans
average each night has dropped by two hours from 8.5 to
less than 7 hours per night.
People who get less than 8 hours of sleep are 15% hungrier
and are 15% more likely to over eat.
BREAKFAST- THE MOST IMPORTANT MEAL OF
THE DAY
Approximately 20% of all US adults and 27% of young American
women skip breakfast.
Those who eat cereal/grains for breakfast have lower BMI’s
than breakfast skippers or meat and egg eaters.
Studies show that people who successfully lose weight and
keep it off long term are routine breakfast eaters.
THE FRENCH CONNECTION
Only 7 % of French adults are obese
compared to 22% of Americans.
The French consume more dietary fat, but fewer calories
overall
Portion sizes are considerably smaller. Restaurants in
Philadelphia served meals that averaged 72% more food than
those served in Parisian counterparts.
Red Wine, in moderation, is also key.
OMEGA 3’S- ESSENTIAL TO OUR DIET
Why Omega 3’s?
At the cellular level makes all cell membranes more fluid and enables it to heal itself against free radicals
Protects against various disease states including: Alzheimer's
CAD
Depression/Bipolar/Schizophrenia
RA
Osteoarthritis
Allergy and asthma
Helps brain development in babies and children
Improves skin clarity and tone
How Much? 1,000-4,000 mg per day.
Bottom Line- EVERONE should make sure they get enough Omega 3
Bonus Question- Name a good food source of Omega 3’s?
VITAMIN D- GOOD FOR MORE THAN STRONG
BONES AND TEETH
Many emerging studies are pointing to Vitamin D’s ability to
affect the genes and their receptors.
61% of adults and kids are deficient.
Low levels of Vit. D have been linked to and can cause:
MS, Parkinson’s, Type I and II diabetes, breast cancer,
fibromyalgia, depression, and increased pain in the elderly
Recommended we get 400 iu/day. In order to get the 100%
daily dose we need two things.
Food/sun exposure
Supplments
Can have a simple blood test to measure the inactive form
in our bodies – 125 hydroxy D3
NEW SCIENCES ARE EMERGING
Epigentics- Exposure to nutrients in utero has long-
term and substantial impact on our health later on in life.
Nutragenomics-the nutrients we consume have
positive and negative affects on our genes (turn them on
or off, bind receptors or helps to free receptors).
“If you change the way you look at things. The things you look at will change”
- Dr. Wayne Dire
Questions?
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