o level chemistry syllabus - syllabus… forms 3-4.pdf · chemistry syllabus forms 3 - 4 3 7.0...
Post on 21-Apr-2018
230 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
FORMS 3 - 4
2015 - 2022
O LEVEL CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
ZIMBABWE
Curriculum Development and Technical Services P. O. Box MP 133Mount Pleasant
Harare© All Rights Reserved
2015
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued
contribution in the production of this syllabus:
• PanellistsforForm3and4Chemistrysyllabus• ZimbabweSchoolExaminationsCouncil(ZIMSEC)• GovernmentDepartments• MinistryofHigherandTertiaryEducation,ScienceandTechnologyDevelopment:• UnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)• UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganisation(UNESCO)
i
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
ii
CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................................................i
CONTENTS...........................................................................................ii
1.0. PREAMBLE....................................................................................1
2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUS....................................1
3.0 AIMS..........................................................................................1
4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES........................................................2
5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION.............................2
6.0 TOPICS.......................................................................................2
7.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE CHART............................................3
FORM 3 SYLLABUS................................................................................6
FORM 4 SYLLABUS...............................................................................20
8.0 ASSESSMENT............................................................................33
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
1
1.0. PREAMBLE
1.1. Introduction
This two year syllabus is designed to put greater em-phasisontheunderstanding,applicationofchemistryconcepts and principles in an environmental friendly and sustainable manner. It makes learners identify and solve problemspracticallyinascientificmanner.TheForm3and4Chemistrysyllabusisinclusivelymadetocaterforall categories of learners in an increasingly technological world.
1.2. Rationale
Chemistryplaysanimportantroleinthetechnologicaldevelopment of any country since it is embedded in ev-erydaylife.ThestudyofChemistryenableslearnerstobecreativeandinnovativeinsociety,promotingtheapplica-tionofChemistryinindustrialprocessesforvalueaddi-tion,beneficiationofnaturalresourcesandharnessingofavailable opportunities for entrepreneurship.
TheChemistrysyllabusenableslearnerstodevelopthefollowing skills:
• Problemsolving• Criticalthinking• Decisionmaking• Conflictresolution• Self-management• Communication• Psychomotor• Leadership• Enterprise• Technologyandinnovation
1.3. Summary of Content
Form3and4Chemistrysyllabuswillcovertheoryandpracticalactivitiesinthefollowingareas:PhysicalChem-istry,InorganicChemistry,OrganicChemistryandEnvi-ronmentalChemistry
1.4 Assumptions
It is assumed that learner:
• arefamiliarwithlaboratoryapparatus• areawareoflaboratorysafetyprecautions
• havesuccessfullycompletedForm1and2Com-bined Science syllabus
• arecomputerliterateandhaveagoodmathemat-ics background
1.5 Cross- Cutting Themes
TheChemistrylearningareaencompassesthecrosscutting themes listed below:
• Inclusivity• Lifeskills• HIV/AIDS• Teamwork• Foodsecurity• EnterpriseEducation• Environmentalissues• Safetyandhealthissues• Indigenousknowledgesystem• Disasterandriskmanagement
2.0 PRESENTATION OF THE SYLLABUSTheForm3and4Chemistrysyllabusisasingledocu-mentcoveringForms3-4.
3.0 AIMSThe syllabus aims are to:
3.1 appreciatetheusefulnessandlimitationsofthescientificmethods
3.2 inculcateinlearnerstheneedforsafetyandprotection of the environment.
3.3 createopportunitiesforlearnerstoacquireresearch,experimental,practical,enterprisingand technological skills.
3.4enablelearnerstodevelopfundamentalprinci-plesofChemistryforapplicationinlifeandasabasisforfurtherstudiesinChemistryandrelated disciplines.
3.5 stimulateinlearnersthedesiretoapplyChem-istryforthebenefitofsocietyasguidedbytheprinciplesofUnhu/Ubuntu/Vumunhu
3.6 promoteawarenessthattheapplicationsofChemistrymaybebothbeneficialanddetri-mental to the individual and the community.
3.7 develop,inlearnerstheappreciationoftheuseofChemistryinvaluecreation,additionandbeneficiation.
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
2
4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVESLearnersshouldbeableto:
4.1 followinstructionsinpracticalwork4.2 makeandrecordobservations4.3 useICTtosimulateChemistryphenomena4.4 applysafetymeasuresinallpracticalwork4.5 present,analyseandinterpretdatatoestablish
relationships4.6 demonstrateknowledgeoffacts,laws,defini-
tionsandconceptsinChemistry4.7 measureandexpressquantitiestoagiven
level of accuracy and precision4.8 designapracticalsolutiontoareallifeprob-
lemusingknowledgeofChemistry
5.0 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION
5.1 Methodology
Some of the learner centred and multi-sensory methodol-ogiesusedintheteachingandlearningofChemistryaresuggestedbelow.Theprinciplesofteamwork,concrete-ness,totality,stimulationandself-activityshouldguidethe teachers as they employ the suggested methods:
• models• sitevisits• research• seminars• discovery• simulations• discussions• demonstrations• experimentation
5.2 Time Allocation
Foradequatecoverageofthesyllabus,atimeallocationofeight35-minuteperiodsperweekarerecommended.Doubleperiodstoaccommodatepracticalworkarerec-ommended.
6.0 TOPICS• PhysicalChemistry:
- Laboratorytechniques- Matter- Atoms,ElementsandCompounds- Chemicalbonding
- The Mole concept - Stoichiometry - Acids,BasesandSalts- Electrochemistry- Chemicalenergetics- Equilibria- Reaction kinetics
• InorganicChemistry:
- Periodic table- Metals - Nonmetals
• OrganicChemistry:
- Fuels- Classificationandnamingoforganiccompounds- Hydrocarbons- Alcoholsandcarboxylicacids- Polymers• EnvironmentalChemistry- Waste management- Pollution - Waterpurification- Herbs
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
3
7.0
SCO
PE A
ND
SEQ
UEN
CE
CH
AR
T
FOR
M 3
AN
D F
OR
M 4
1 7.
0 .0
SCO
PE A
ND
SEQ
UEN
CE
CH
ART
FO
RM 3
AN
D F
OR
M 4
TO
PIC
FORM
3
FORM
4
7.1.
0 PH
YSIC
AL C
HEM
ISTR
Y:
7.1.1Laboratorytechniques
M
easu
ring
Inst
rum
ents
Separationtechniques
-Filtration
-Distillation
-Crystallisation
-Pap
er a
nd th
in la
yer c
hrom
atog
raph
y
Volum
etricanalysis
Se
parationtechniques
Qua
litat
ive
anal
ysis
7.1.2M
atte
r
Stat
es o
f mat
ter
Heatingandco
olin
g cu
rves
2.1.3Atoms,ElementsandCom
pounds
At
omic
stru
ctur
e
Elem
ents
and
com
poun
ds
7.1.4Chemicalbonding
Covalentbonding
Ioni
c bo
ndin
g
Met
allic
bon
ding
7.1.5
The
Mol
e co
ncep
t
Mol
e co
ncep
t
Perc
enta
ge c
ompo
sitio
ns
-Em
piric
al a
nd m
olec
ular
form
ulae
Mol
ar
gas
volu
me
7.1.6S
toic
hiom
etry
Chemica
lequations
Perc
enta
ge y
ield
and
pur
ity
7.1.7Acids,B
asesandSalts
Prop
ertie
s of
aci
ds a
nd b
ases
Prep
arat
ion
of s
alts
7.1.8E
lect
roch
emis
try
Redox
rea
ctio
ns
Cellsandbatteries
El
ectro
lysis
of a
cidi
fied
wat
er
Redoxre
actions
Elec
troly
tic p
urifi
catio
n of
cop
per a
nd
alum
iniu
m
7.1.9Chemicalenergetics
En
dothermicandexothermicreactions
Ener
gy p
rofile
dia
gram
s
Enth
alpy
cha
nges
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
4
7.0
SCO
PE A
ND
SEQ
UEN
CE
CH
AR
T
7.2.
0 IN
OR
GA
NIC
CH
EMIS
TRY
7.3.
0 O
RG
AN
IC C
HEM
ISTR
Y
FOR
M 3
AN
D F
OR
M 4
2 7.1.10E
quilib
ria
R
ever
sibl
e re
actio
n
Dynam
icEq
uilibria
-Haberprocess
-Conta
ct p
roce
ss
-Ostwal
d pr
oces
s
Pr
oduc
tion
of fe
rtilis
ers
7.1.11R
eact
ion
kine
tics
R
ates
of r
eact
ion
Factorsaffectingratesofreaction
In
dust
rial a
pplic
atio
ns
3 7.
2.0
INO
RG
ANIC
CH
EMIS
TRY
7.2.1P
erio
dic
tabl
e
Perio
dic
trend
s
Gro
up tr
ends
Tran
sitio
n el
emen
ts
7.2.2M
etal
s an
d no
n-m
etal
s
Prop
ertie
s of
met
als
and
non-
met
als
R
eact
ivity
ser
ies
Limeinagricultureandconstruction
Com
positionofmineralores
Ex
tractionofmetals
Pr
oces
sing
of d
iam
ond
and
coal
Liquefactionandfra
ctio
nal d
istil
latio
n of
air
4 7.
3.0
OR
GAN
IC C
HEM
ISTR
Y 7.3.1Fuels
Type
s of
fuel
s
Prod
uctio
n of
fuel
s
Fuelefficiency
7.3.2ClassificationandNom
enclatureoforganic
com
poun
ds
Hom
ologousseries
- hy
droc
arbo
ns
- al
coho
ls
- carboxylicacid
s
Is
omer
ism
7.3.3Hydrocarbons
Alka
nes
and
alke
nes
7.3.4A
lcoh
ols
Ferm
entation
Pr
oper
ties
of e
than
ol
7.3.5Carboxylicacids
Chemistryofcarboxylicacids
7.3.6P
olym
ers
Synt
hetic
pol
ymer
s
Naturalpolym
ers
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
5
7.4.
0 E
NVI
RO
NM
ENTA
L C
HEM
ISTR
Y
5 7.
4.0
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
CH
EMIS
TRY
7.4.1W
aste
man
agem
ent
Classificationofwaste
Effe
cts
of w
aste
on
the
envir
onm
ent
W
aste
dis
posa
l met
hods
7.4.2P
ollu
tion
Sour
ces
of p
ollu
tant
s
7.4.3W
ater
pur
ifica
tion
quality
of w
ater
from
diff
eren
t sou
rces
Purif
icat
ion
of w
ater
7.4.4Herbs
Herbs
in h
ealth
and
agr
icul
ture
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
6
8.0
CO
MPE
TEN
CY
MAT
RIX
FOR
M 3
SYL
LAB
US
8.1.
0 P
HYS
ICA
L C
HEM
ISTR
Y
8.1.
1 LA
BO
RAT
ORY
TEC
HN
IQU
ES
6 FO
RM 3
SYL
LAB
US
8.0.
0 C
OM
PETE
NC
Y M
ATR
IX
8.1.
0 PH
YSIC
AL C
HEM
ISTR
Y 8.
1.1
LAB
OR
ATO
RY
TEC
HN
IQU
ES
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SU
GG
ESTE
D A
CTI
VITI
ES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.1.2M
easu
ring
Inst
rum
ents
id
entif
y su
itabl
e ap
para
tus
used
in
mea
sure
men
t of
- tim
e -
tem
pera
ture
-
mas
s -
volu
me
-
dist
ance
use
mea
surin
g ap
para
tus
corre
ctly
.
Ap
para
tus
for
mea
surin
g:
- th
erm
omet
er
- balance,
- burettes,
-
pipettes,
-
mea
surin
g
cyl
inde
rs
- ga
s sy
ringe
s -
stop
wat
ch
M
easu
rem
ent o
f: -
time
- te
mpe
ratu
re
- m
ass
- vo
lum
e
Nam
ingapparatus
used
in
measurementoftime,
temperature, m
ass,
vol
ume, d
ista
nce
Taki
ng m
easu
rem
ents
of
temperature, m
ass,
volume, d
ista
nce,time
Sc
ienc
e Ki
t
8.1.3Separationtechniques
id
entif
y di
ffere
nt
met
hods
of s
epar
atin
g mixtures
Su
gges
t sui
tabl
e se
para
tion techniques,
give
n th
e na
ture
of t
he
M
etho
ds o
f sep
arat
ion
such
as:
-
filtra
tion
- distilla
tion,
-
crystallization,
-
evap
orat
ion,
- pa
per a
nd th
in la
yer
Discussingonmethodsof
separatingmixtures
Mak
ing
sand
filte
rs
Experim
entin
g on
se
para
tingmixtures
Cheesecloth
Sc
ienc
e Ki
t
Thin
laye
r chr
omat
ogra
m
7
mixture
. ch
rom
atog
raph
y
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
7
8.2.
0 MAT
TER
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
L-
EDG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
-
ES
8.3.1Atom
icStructure
•describethesub-atomicparti-
cles
of a
n at
om•A
tomicStructure
- Pro
tons
- Ele
ctro
ns-N
eutrons
•Drawingdiagramstoillustrate
stru
ctur
e of
ato
ms
•Atomicmodels
8 8.
2.0
MAT
TER
TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AND
AC
TIVI
TIES
SU
GG
ESTE
D
RES
OU
RC
ES
Mat
ter
st
ate
the
thre
e st
ates
of
m
atte
r
explainthestatesof
mat
ter u
sing
the
kine
tic th
eory
.
explaintheinter-
conv
ersi
on o
f sta
tes
in te
rms
of e
nerg
y an
d ar
rang
emen
t of
parti
cles
describeandexplain
diffu
sion
St
ates
of m
atte
r
Ki
netic
theo
ry
Changeofstatesof
mat
ter
Diffusionofmatter
Discussingstatesof
mat
ter
Ex
perim
entingonthe
chan
ges
of s
tate
s of
m
atte
r
Drawinganddescribing
arra
ngem
ent o
f par
ticle
s in
solids,liquidsandgases
Dem
onstratingdiffusion
usingperfu
me,ammonia
andHydrochloricacid,
pota
ssiu
m p
erm
anga
nate
N
B: u
se o
f Bro
min
e m
ust b
e do
ne in
a fu
me
cupb
oard
si
nce
it is
toxi
c
Ic
e
Sc
ienc
e Ki
t
8.3.
0 ATO
MS,
ELE
MEN
TS A
ND
CO
MPO
UN
DS
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
8
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.3.2Elem
ents
•representelementsusing
chem
ical
sym
bols
•useandinterpretnuclide
nota
tion
•deducetheelectronicconfig-
urat
ion
of a
n el
emen
t fro
m
give
n da
ta
•explaintheconceptofan
isot
ope
•Elements
•AtomicNum
ber
•MassNum
ber
•Nuclidenotation
•Electronicconfigurationofthe
first20elem
ents
•Isotopes
•Representingelem
entsusing
chem
ical
sym
bols
and
nuc
lide
nota
tion
•Calculatingnumberofprotons,
elec
trons
and
neu
trons
from
m
ass
num
bers
and
ato
mic
num
-be
rs•D
rawingelectronicstructuresof
elem
ents
usi
ng d
ots
and
cros
ses
•periodictables
•modelsofelements
•textbooks
•ICTtools
•Mouldingclay/plasticine
8.3.3Chemical
bond
ing
•describetheformationof
ioni
c bo
nds
betw
een
met
als
and
a no
n-m
etal
s
•describetheformationofa
cova
lent
bon
d •
deducechemicalformulaof
a co
mpo
und
from
dot
and
cr
oss
diag
ram
s •
Differentiateionicfromcova-
lent
com
poun
ds.
•describemetallicbondingas
a la
ttice
of p
ositi
ve io
ns in
a
‘seaofdelocalisedelectrons’
•relatethephysicalproperties
of m
etal
s to
met
allic
bon
ding
•ValenceTheory
•Ionicbonding
•covalentbond
•Propertiesofionicandcova
-le
nt c
ompo
unds
•metallicbonding
•refertoPropertiesofMetals
•Drawingdotandcrossdiagram
sto
sho
w io
nic
and
cova
lent
bon
d-in
g in
the
follo
win
g:-
NaC
l,MgO
,Al2O3,
-H2;Cl2;O
2;HCl;N2;,
H2O
;CH4,CO2,NH3,
•Constructingmodelstorepresent
com
poun
ds
•Experim
entingon:
- m
eltin
g po
ints
- bo
iling
poin
ts-
elec
trica
l con
duct
ivity
- so
lubi
lity
•discussingmetallicbonding
•simulations
•draw
ingmetallicbondmodel
•Textbooks
•Molecularmodels
•Sciencekits
•So
dium
chloride
•Candlewax
•Bu
rner
•Circuitboards
•Water
•ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e•
Textbooks
8.3
ATO
MS,
ELE
MEN
TS A
ND
CO
MPO
UN
DS
CO
NTD
..
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
9
8.4.
0 TH
E M
OLE
CO
NC
EPT
8.5
STO
ICH
IOM
ETRY
11
8.4.
0 TH
E M
OLE
CO
NC
EPT
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SU
GG
ESTE
D N
OTE
S AN
D
ACTI
VITI
ES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.4.1
Mol
e
Conce
pt
de
scrib
e th
e m
ole
conc
ept
M
ole
R
elat
ive
atom
ic m
ass
R
elat
ive
mol
ecul
ar m
ass
Concentrationof
solu
tions
m
olar
mas
s
Calculating:
- m
oles
from
mas
s
- m
ass
from
mol
es
- re
lativ
e m
olec
ular
m
asse
s
- co
ncen
tratio
n
pe
riodi
c ta
ble
Ba
lanc
e
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
12
8.5.
0 ST
OIC
HIO
MET
RY
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SU
GG
ESTE
D N
OTE
S AN
D
ACTI
VITI
ES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.5.1ChemicalEquations
Writ
e ba
lanc
ed c
hem
ical
equations
Calculatequantitiesof
prod
ucts
giv
en th
e quantitiesofre
actantsand
vice
ver
sa
Determinelim
iting
reag
ents
from
giv
en d
ata
Ba
lanc
ing
chem
ical
equations
Mas
ses
and
volu
mes
of
reac
tant
s an
d pr
oduc
ts
Limitingre
agents
W
ritin
g ba
lanc
ed c
hem
ical
equations
Ex
perim
entingwith
neutralisation,
prec
ipita
tion
and
deco
mpo
sitio
n re
actio
ns
Calculatingquantities
from
giv
en d
ata
Sc
ienc
e ki
ts
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
10
8.6
AC
IDS,
BA
SES
AN
D S
ALT
S
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.6.1Properties
of A
cids
and
Ba
ses
•Identifypropertiesofacidsand
base
s
•classifyoxidesasacidic,basic
or a
mph
oter
ic
•Acids,bases,pHscale,ac-
id-b
ase
indi
cato
rs
•Calcium
oxide,sodiumoxide,
alum
iniumoxide,sulphur
trioxide,carbondioxide,
nitrogendioxide
•Experimentingtoidentifyacidic
and
basi
c su
bsta
nces
•Describingpropertiesofacids
and
base
s
•Sciencekit
•ICTtools
•acid-baseindicators
•vinegar
•lem
ons
•toothpaste
•ash
•householddetergents
8.6.2Preparationof
salts
•describethemethodsofpre
-pa
ring
salts
•methodsofpreparingsalts
- neu
tralis
atio
n- d
ispl
acem
ent
- pre
cipi
tatio
n
•preparingsaltsbyreactingacids
withalkalis,carbonates,metals,
metaloxides
•preparingsaltsbyprecipitation
and
disp
lace
men
t rea
ctio
ns
•Sciencekits
•ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
s
softw
are
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
11
8.7
ELEC
TRO
CH
EMIS
TRY
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.7.1Redoxreac
-tio
ns•d
efineoxidationandreduction
in te
rms
of e
lect
ron
trans
fer
andchangesinoxidation
num
ber
•identifyoxidisingandreducing
agen
ts
•Redoxreactions
•Discussingredoxreactions
•Observingredoxreactions
•Describingredoxreactions
•S
ciencekits
I•C
TtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
8.7.2Cellsand
batte
ries
•identifythecompositionofa
sim
ple
cell
•describetheelectrodereac
-tio
ns in
a s
impl
e ce
ll•d
escribethecompositionand
mai
nten
ance
of a
lead
- aci
d ba
tterie
s
•Cells
•Batteries
- Ele
ctro
lyte
-Ele
ctro
des
•Describingthecompositionofa
sim
ple
cell
•ConstructingofZinc/Coppercell
•Examiningacarbattery
•Sciencekits
•Lem
on/diluteacids
•Torchbilbs
•Carbattery
8.7.3Electrolysis
ofacidifiedwater
•describetheelectrolysisof
acidifiedwater
•identifytheproductsofelec-
troly
sis
of w
ater
and
thei
r us
es
•deducetheformulaofwater
from
the
ratio
of v
olum
es o
f pr
oduc
ts
•Electrolysisofacidifiedwater
•Usesofhydrogenandoxygen
•Formulaforw
ater
•Constructingelectrolyticcell
•Discussingelectrodereactions
•Testingforhydrogenandoxygen
gase
s
•Calculatingvolumeratiosofgases
•Sciencekit
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
12
8.8
CH
EMIC
AL
ENER
GET
ICS
15
8.8.
0 C
HEM
ICAL
EN
ERG
ETIC
S TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.8.1E
ndot
herm
ic an
d Exothermicreactions
de
scrib
e en
doth
erm
ic a
nd
exotherm
ic re
actio
ns in
te
rms
of b
ond
form
atio
n an
d bo
nd b
reak
ing
di
ffere
ntia
te b
etw
een
endo
ther
mic
and
exotherm
icre
actions
En
doth
erm
ic a
nd
exotherm
icre
actions
Bu
rnin
g of
fuel
s
e.g.
eth
anol,sugar,saw
dust,m
ealie
-mea
l
Dis
solv
ing
was
hing
po
wde
rs in
wat
er
R
eact
ing
aci
ds a
nd
base
s
Dissolvingam
monium
nitra
te/fertiliser,s
odiu
m
hydroxide,potassi
um
iodide,copper(II)
sulp
hate
plu
s zi
nc p
owde
r in
wat
er
N.B
. sod
ium
hyd
roxi
de
is c
orro
sive
, so
mus
t be
hand
led
with
car
e
W
ashi
ng p
owde
r
Scie
nce
kit
Su
gar
Sa
w d
ust
M
ealie
-mea
l
8.8.2E
nerg
y pr
ofile
dia
gram
s
dr
aw e
nerg
y pr
ofile
di
agra
ms
to re
pres
ent
endo
ther
mic
and
exotherm
icre
actions
inte
rpre
t ene
rgy
prof
ile
diag
ram
s
En
ergy
pro
file
diag
ram
s
Dra
win
g en
ergy
pr
ofile
dia
gram
s
Anal
ysin
g en
ergy
pr
ofile
dia
gram
s
ICTTo
olsand
Braille/Jaw
ssoftw
are
8.8.2Energyprofilediagram
s•
draw
energyprofiledia
-gr
ams
to re
pres
ent e
ndo-
thermicandexothermic
reac
tions
•interpretenergyprofiledia
-gr
ams
•En
ergyprofilediagrams
•Drawingenergyprofile
diag
ram
s•
Analysingenergyprofile
diag
ram
s
•ICTToolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
13
8.9
EQU
ILIB
RIA
16
8.9.
0 EQ
UIL
IBR
IA
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.9.1R
ever
sibl
e re
actio
ns
explain
the
term
re
vers
ible
reac
tion
us
e th
e re
vers
ible
sig
n inequations
(
an
alys
e re
vers
ible
re
actio
ns
pr
edic
t the
effe
ct o
f ch
ange
of c
ondi
tions
of
reve
rsib
le re
actio
ns a
t equilibrium
R
ever
sibl
e re
actio
ns
Dippinglitmus
pap
er in
ac
id a
nd in
bas
e
Experim
entingonthe
chro
mat
e (VI)/
dich
rom
ate (VI)
conv
ersi
ons
in d
ilute
ac
ids
and
base
s
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
8.9.2Dynam
icequilibrium
explaintheterm
dy
nam
ic equilib
rium
dynamicequilib
rium
Experim
entingonthe
subl
imat
ion
of io
dine
in
a se
aled
tube
Io
dine
Seal
ed tu
be
W
ater
bat
h
8.9.3Haberprocess
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oduc
tion
of ra
w m
ater
ials
for t
he
Haberprocess(n
itrogen
andhydrogen)
explain
the
cond
ition
s fo
r the
Haberprocess
stat
e th
e us
es o
f am
mon
ia
ob
serv
e sa
fety
dur
ing
site
vis
its
Haberprocess
(re
fer t
o el
ectro
lysi
s of
water,liquefactionand
fract
iona
l dis
tilla
tion
of
air)
Usesofammonia
Safe
ty
Discussingthe
prod
uctio
n of
am
mon
ia
Visitingsitese.g.Sable
Chemicals
M
akin
g m
odel
s of
the
Haberprocess
pla
nt
Discussingtheusesof
amm
onia
Discussingpossible
haza
rds
of a
mm
onia
pr
oduc
tion
Discussing
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s
Flow
charts
Mod
els
Prot
ectiv
e cl
othi
ng
Chartwithdanger
war
ning
sig
ns
Am
mon
ium
nitr
ate
ferti
liser
Household
dete
rgen
ts
8.9.3Haberprocess
•describetheproductionof
rawmaterialsfortheHaber
process(nitrogenand
hydrogen)
•explaintheconditionsfor
theHaberprocess
•statetheusesofammonia
•observesafetyduringsite
visi
ts
•describeenvironm
ental
impa
cts
of a
mm
onia
pro
-du
ctio
n
•Haberprocess
(refertoelectrolysisofwater,
liquefactionandfractional
distilla
tionofair)
•Usesofammonia
•Sa
fety
•Impactsofammoniaproduc-
tion
on th
e en
viro
nmen
t
•Discussingtheproduction
of a
mm
onia
•Visitingsitese.g.Sable
Chemicals
•Makingmodelsofthe
Haberprocessplant
•Discussingtheusesof
amm
onia
•Discussingpossiblehaz
-ar
ds o
f am
mon
ia p
rodu
c-tio
n•
Discussingenvironm
en-
tal i
mpa
cts
of a
mm
onia
pr
oduc
tion
•Flow
charts
•Models
•Protectiveclothing
•Chartwithdangerw
arning
sign
s•
Ammoniumnitratefertiliser
•Householddetergents
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
14
7.9
EQU
ILIB
RIA
CO
NTD
..
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RE-
SOU
RC
ES
Contactprocess
•identifysourcesofraw
mat
eria
ls fo
r the
con
tact
pr
oces
s•
explaintheconditionsfor
the
cont
act p
roce
ss•
describethecontactpro
-ce
ss•
statetheusesofsulphuric
acid
•describeenvironm
ental
impa
cts
of s
ulph
uric
aci
d pr
oduc
tion
•So
urcesofrawmaterials
(refertoproductionofcop
-per,ironandcoal)
•Contactprocess
•Usesofsulphuricacid
•Impactsofsulphuricacid
prod
uctio
n on
the
envi
ron-
men
t
•Discussingtheproductionofsulphuric
acid
•Visitingsitese.g.Zimphos
•Makingmodelsoftheplant
•Discussingtheusesofsulphuricacid
•Discussingpossiblehazardsofsul
-ph
uric
aci
d pr
oduc
tion
•Discussingenvironm
entalimpactsof
sulp
huric
aci
d pr
oduc
tion
•Flow
charts
•Models
•Protectiveclothing
•Chartwithdangerw
arn-
ing
sign
s•
Ammoniumsulphate
ferti
liser
•Householddetergents
Ostwaldprocess
•identifysourcesofraw
materialsfortheOstwald
proc
ess
•explaintheconditionsfor
theOsw
aldprocess
•describetheOstwaldpro-
cess
•statetheusesofnitricacid
•describeenvironm
ental
impa
cts
of n
itric
aci
d pr
o-du
ctio
n
•So
urcesofrawmaterials
(refertoHaberprocess)
•Osw
aldprocess
•Usesofnitricacid
•Impactsofnitricacid
p
rodu
ctio
n on
the
envi
ron-
men
t
•Discussingtheproductionofnitricacid
•Visitingsitese.gSa
bleChemicals
•Makingmodelsoftheplant
•Discussingtheusesofnitricacid
•Discussingpossiblehazardsofnitric
acid
pro
duct
ion
•Discussingenvironm
entalimpactsof
nitri
c ac
id p
rodu
ctio
n
•Flow
charts
•Models
•Protectiveclothing
•Chartswithdanger
war
ning
sig
ns•
Ammoniumnitratefer-
tilis
er•
Picturesofexplosives
•Resourcepersons
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
15
8.10
R
EAC
TIO
N K
INET
ICS
8.11
.0 IN
OR
GA
NIC
CH
EMIS
TRY
8.11
.1 P
ERIO
DIC
TA
BLE
TOPI
CO
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RE-
SOU
RC
ES
8.10.0Rateofreac
-tio
ns•
describemethodsofm
easur-
ing
reac
tion
rate
s•
deducefrom
graphstherate
of re
actio
n •
calculatereactionratesfrom
give
n in
form
atio
n
•Rateofreactionssuchas
changesinvolum
e,mass,
colo
ur w
ith ti
me
•Measuringrateofreactionse.g.using
magnesium
andhydrochloricacid,
sodi
um th
iosu
lpha
te a
nd h
ydro
chlo
ric
acid/sulphuricacid
•Sciencekit
•ICTtoolsandBraille/
Jawssoftw
are
8.10.2Factors
affe
ctin
g ra
te
of re
actio
ns
•describefactorsaffecting
rate
of r
eact
ions
•Factorsaffectingrateof
reac
tions
- Te
mpe
ratu
re-
Concentration
- Su
rface
are
a-
Catalyst
- Pr
essu
re
- St
irrin
g
•Experim
entingonfactorsaffectingrate
of re
actio
n•
Sciencekit
•potato/liver
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
C-
ES
8.11.2P
eriodic
trend
s•
describethechangefrom
m
etal
lic to
non
-met
allic
cha
r-ac
ter
acro
ss a
per
iod
•explaintherelationship
betw
een
num
ber o
f ele
ctro
n sh
ells
and
the
perio
d
•Pe
riodictrends(re
ferto
electronicconfiguration)
•An
alysingtheperiodictable
•Makingamodeloftheperiodictable
•Perio
dictables
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
16
8.11
.1 P
ERIO
DIC
TA
BLE
CO
NTD
..
8.12
.0 M
ETA
LS A
ND
NO
N- M
ETA
LS
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd
Kno
wle
dge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.11.3G
rouptrends
(groupIIandVII)
•describetherelationship
betw
een
grou
p nu
mbe
r and
nu
mbe
r of v
alen
ce e
lect
rons
•describethereactionsof
magnesium
,calcium
and
bariumwithoxygenand
wat
er
•describethetrendsinthe
phys
ical
and
che
mic
al
propertiesofgroup(V
II)
elem
ents
•Grouptrends(referto
electronicconfiguration)
•Reactivityofgroup(II)
elem
ents
•Trendsinphysical
propertiesofgroup(V
II)
elem
ents
-Colour
- Ph
ysic
al s
tate
-Volatility
•An
alysingtheperiodictable
•Experim
entingonreactionofcalcium
an
d m
agne
sium
ribb
on w
ith c
old
wat
er•
Discussing/simulatingthereactionsof
group(II)elements
•Discussing/simulatingthereactionsof
group(VII)elements
NB:Experimentsinvolvingpurebromine
shou
ld b
e do
ne in
a fu
me
cupb
oard
si
nce
it is
poi
sono
us
•Pe
riodictables
•Sciencekit
•ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd
Kno
wle
dge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.12.1P
hysicalproper-
ties
of m
etal
s an
d no
n-m
etal
s
•comparethephysical
prop
ertie
s of
met
als
and
non-
met
als
•Explainthedifferencesin
the
phys
ical
pro
perti
es o
f m
etal
s an
d no
n-m
etal
s
•Ph
ysicalproperties
- M
alle
abilit
y-
Ductility
-Conductivity(ther-
malandelectrical)
- M
eltin
g an
d bo
iling
poin
ts-
Density
-Lustre
•Collectingandclassifyingmaterialsas
met
als
or n
on-m
etal
s•
Com
paringthephysicalpropertiesof
met
als
and
non-
met
als
•Sa
mplesofm
etalsand
non-
met
als
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
17
8.12
.0 M
ETA
LS A
ND
NO
N- M
ETA
LS C
ON
TD..
8.13
.1 F
UEL
S
8.13
.0 O
RG
AN
IC C
HEM
ISTR
Y
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd
Kno
wle
dge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.12.2R
eactivityseries
•demonstratepracticallythe
reac
tivity
of m
etal
s•
arrangeelem
entsinorderof
reac
tivity
•usethereactivityseries
toexplainelectroplating,
elec
troly
tic c
ells
and
met
al
extraction
•Reactivityseries
•Displacem
entreac-
tions(refertoelec-
troch
emis
try a
nd
metalextraction)
•Listingofelementsinorderofreactivity
•Experim
entingonreactionsofm
etals
with
wat
er a
nd d
ilute
aci
ds
•Reactingzincandcopper(II)sulphate
solu
tion
•Com
paringthevoltagesofdifferent
com
bina
tions
of e
lem
ents
in a
sim
ple
cell
NB:potassium
,sodiumandcalcium
shouldbeusedinverysm
allquantities
and
neve
r to
be u
sed
with
aci
ds
•Sciencekit
Limeinagricultureand
cons
truct
ion
•describetheproductionof
calciumoxide(lime)from
calciumcarbonate(lime-
stone)
•explaintheuseofcalcium
oxideinagricultureand
cons
truct
ion
•LimeinAgriculture
and
cons
truct
ion
•Dem
onstratingLimeasabase
•Reactinglim
ewithdiluteacids
•Sciencekit
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd
Kno
wle
dge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.13.2Typesoffuels
•classifyfuelsaccordingto
thei
r phy
sica
l sta
tes
•Classificationof
fuel
s-
Solid
fuel
s
•DiscussingtheClassificationoffuels
•Wood
•Charcoal
•Ethanol
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
18
8.13
FU
ELS
CO
NTD
..
8.14
.0 C
LASS
IFIC
ATIO
N A
ND
NO
MEN
CLA
TUR
E O
F O
RG
AN
IC C
OM
POU
ND
S
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.13.2Typesoffuels
-Liquidfuels
-Gaseousfuels
•Diesel
•Pe
trol
•Biogas
•Coal
•Coke
•Biodiesel
8.13.3P
roductionoffuels
•describetheprocessof
ferm
enta
tion
•outlinethefractionaldistilla
-tio
n of
cru
de o
il
•describethedestructive
dist
illatio
n of
coa
l and
woo
d•
describetheproductionof
biodieselfromJatrophaoil
•Fermentation
•Fractionaldistillationof
petro
leum
•Destructivedistilla
tionof
coal
and
woo
d•
Biodieselproduction
•Experim
entingonpro
-du
ctio
n of
fuel
s by
:-
ferm
enta
tion
of c
arbo
hy-
drat
es-
dest
ruct
ive
dist
illatio
n of
coal/w
ood
•Visitingsitese.g.Green
Fuels,MutokoJatropha
plan
t
•Modelsofbiogas
•Digester
•Sciencekit
•ICTTools/Braille
/Jaw
ssoft-
war
e
24
8.14
.0
CLA
SSIF
ICAT
ION
AN
D N
OM
ENC
LATU
RE
OF
OR
GAN
IC C
OM
POU
ND
S
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES,
SKIL
LS A
ND
K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.14.1H
omologousseries
de
fine
the
term
ho
mol
ogou
s se
ries
nam
e sy
stem
atic
ally
or
gani
c co
mpo
unds
cl
assi
fy o
rgan
ic
com
poun
ds a
s hydrocarbons,
alco
hols
and
ca
rboxylicacidsupto
sixcarbonatoms
ho
mol
ogou
s se
ries
- hy
droc
arbo
ns
- al
coho
ls
- carboxylicacids
M
akin
g m
olec
ular
modelsuptosixcarbon
atom
s
Drawingstructuresof
orga
nic
mol
ecul
es u
p to
sixcarbonatoms
Si
mul
atio
ns o
f
or
gani
c m
olec
ules
Pl
astic
ine
M
olec
ular
mod
el k
its
Mod
els
of o
rgan
ic
mol
ecul
es
ICTTo
ols/BrailleJaw
sso
ftwar
e
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
19
8.15
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
CH
EMIS
TRY
8.15
.1 W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T
8.16
.0 W
ATER
PU
RIF
ICAT
ION
25
8.15
.0 E
NVI
RO
NM
ENTA
L C
HEM
ISTR
Y 8.
15.1
W
ASTE
MAN
AGEM
ENT
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES,
SKIL
LS A
ND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SU
GG
ESTE
D A
CTI
VITI
ES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.15.2C
lassificationofwaste
iden
tify
solid,liquid
and
gase
ous
was
te
id
entif
y bi
odeg
rada
ble
and
non-
biod
egra
dabl
e w
aste
iden
tify
the
diffe
rent
so
urce
s of
was
te
desc
ribe
met
hods
of
iden
tifyi
ng w
aste
s fro
m in
dust
ries
sugg
est w
ays
of
cont
rollin
g w
aste
Classificationof
was
te
Householdand
indu
stria
l was
te s
uch
as:
- Fo
odleftovers
- W
aste
gas
es
- go
ld p
roce
ssin
g -
oils
from
soa
p m
akin
g
- ty
re in
dust
ries
- du
st fr
om c
emen
t in
dust
ry
M
etho
ds o
f co
ntro
lling
was
tes
Discussing
and
clas
sify
ing
was
te
mat
eria
l
Discussingsources
of w
aste
mat
eria
l
Visitingsites
Burn
ing
of p
aper
s andanexplanation
on o
bser
vabl
e ch
ange
s
R
efus
e fro
m s
hops
an
d re
side
ntia
l are
as
In
dust
rial w
aste
s
Envi
ronm
enta
l pol
icie
s an
d Ac
ts
Pi
ctur
es a
nd fi
lms
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
8.15.3E
ffect
of w
aste
on
the
envir
onm
ent
de
scrib
e th
e ef
fect
s of
w
aste
on
the
envi
ronm
ent
Eu
troph
icat
ion
Ac
id ra
in
Globalw
arming
Healtheffects
Ozonelayer
depl
etio
n
Visitingsites
R
esea
rchi
ng a
nd
disc
ussi
ng th
e ef
fect
s
Casestudies
M
agaz
ine
artic
les
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
ICTtoolsand
Braille/Jaw
ssoftw
are
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.16.1C
ompositionofwater
from
diff
eren
t sou
rces
•describethecompositionof
wat
er fr
om d
iffer
ent s
ourc
es•
Com
positionofwaterfrom
di
ffere
nt s
ourc
es s
uch
as
dam,borehole,riverand
•Colletingwatersam
ples
from
diff
eren
t sou
rces
an
d an
alys
ing
•Watersam
ples
•pH
meter
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
20
FOR
M 4
SYL
LAB
US
8.17
.0 F
OR
M 4
SYL
LAB
US
8.17
.1 L
AB
OR
ATO
RY T
ECH
NIQ
UES
8.16
.0 W
ATER
PU
RIF
ICAT
ION
CO
NTD
..
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
•distinguishbetweenhard
and
soft
wat
er
•describetheeffectsofhard
wat
er
and
rain
•hardandsoftw
ater
•effectsofhardwateron:
boilers,electricjug,gey
-sers,w
aterpipes,solubility
of s
oap
following:colour,sm
ell
andpH
•testingforhardnessof
waterusingfoam
,boiling
wat
er a
nd a
naly
sing
the
resi
due
•desaltingusinganacid/
vinegar,lemonjuice
•burners
•matches
•sciencekit
•heatingelem
ents
•soap
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.17.2VolumetricAnalysis
•carryouttitrationexperi-
men
ts•
completetitrationtables
•calculatemolesandconcen-
tratio
n fro
m ti
tres
•Acid-basetitration
•Moles
•Concentration
•Assemblingtitrationap
-pa
ratu
s•
Carryingoutexperiments
on a
cid
–bas
e tit
ratio
ns
•Sciencekit
•ICTToolsandBraille/jaws
softw
are
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
21
8.17
.1 L
AB
OR
ATO
RY T
ECH
NIQ
UES
CO
NTD
..
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.17.2VolumetricAnalysis
•Drawingtitrationtables
•Calculatingmolesand
conc
entra
tion
8.17.3SeparationTechniques
•describetheprinciplesof
fract
iona
l and
ste
am d
istil
la-
tion
•describetheconceptsof
pape
r and
thin
laye
r chr
o-m
atog
raph
y
•Se
parationTechniques
-Fractionaldistillation
- St
eam
dis
tilla
tion
•Chrom
atography
•Rfvalues
•Se
paratingethanolfrom
wat
er•
Carryingoutsteam
di
stilla
tion
to p
rodu
ce
perfumesandflavours
•separatingink/chlorophyll
pigm
ents
by
pape
r and
th
in la
yer c
hrom
atog
ra-
phy
•CalculatingRfvalues
•Fractionaldistillationappa
-ra
tus
•Plantm
aterial
•Filterpaper
•Ethanol
•Thinlayerplate
Qua
litat
ive
anal
ysis
•carryoutteststoidentify
ions
•describeteststoidentify
gase
s
•QualitativeAn
alysis(A
l3+,
NH4+,M
g2+,Pb2+,Cu2+,
Fe2+,Fe3+,Cr3+,Zn2+,
Cl-,I-,N
O3-,S
O42-,
CO32-
•Testsforgasessuchas:
ammonia;carbondioxide;
chlorine;hydrogen;oxygen
andsulphurdioxide
•Carryingoutexperiments
to id
entif
y ca
tions
and
anions(re
fertoqualitative
analysistable)
•Testingfor:
-Oxygen
-Hydrogen
- Am
mon
ia-
Carbondioxide
-Su
lphurdioxide
•ScienceKit
•Deliverytube
•Lem
on
N.B.R
eagentsmustbe0.2
mol/dm3
•Sciencekit
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
22
8.18
.0 M
ATTE
R
8.19
.0 T
HE
MO
LE C
ON
CEP
T
29
8.18
.0
MAT
TER
TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
IILS
AND
K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
R
ESO
UR
SES
8.18.1H
eatingandcooling
curv
es
in
terp
ret h
eatin
g an
d co
olin
g cu
rves
desc
ribe
the
effe
cts
of
impu
ritie
s on
boi
ling
and
mel
ting
poin
ts
Heatingandcooling
curv
es
M
eltin
g an
d bo
iling
poin
ts
Ef
fect
s of
impu
ritie
s on
m
eltin
g an
d bo
iling
poin
ts
Ex
perim
entin
g on
hea
ting
and
cool
ing
of ic
e, s
tear
ic
acid, w
axandnaphthalene.
Drawingheatingand
cool
ing
curv
es
In
terp
retin
g he
atin
g an
d co
olin
g cu
rves
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
ice
.
30
8.19
.0
THE
MO
LE C
ON
CEP
T TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
IILS
AND
K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
R
ESO
UR
SES
8.19.1P
erce
ntag
e co
mpo
sitio
n
ca
lcul
ate
perc
enta
ge
com
posi
tion
of e
lem
ents
in
com
poun
ds a
nd o
res
calc
ulat
ing
empi
rical
and
m
olec
ular
form
ulae
Pe
rcen
tage
co
mpo
sitio
n (haematite,copper
pyrite,fertilizers,
bauxite,platinum
group
ofmetals(PGMs)
em
piric
al a
nd
mol
ecul
ar fo
rmul
a
Cal
cula
ting
perc
enta
ge
com
posi
tion
of g
iven
el
emen
ts in
giv
en
com
poun
ds a
nd o
res.
C
alcu
latin
g em
piric
al fo
rmul
a an
d m
olec
ular
form
ula.
Ba
lanc
es
Te
xtbooks
Scie
nce
kit
Oresam
ples
Res
ourc
e pe
ople
8.19.2M
olar
gas
vol
ume
explaintheconceptof
mol
ar g
as v
olum
e
use
the
mol
ar g
as
volu
me
conc
ept i
n ca
lcul
atio
ns.
M
olar
gas
vol
ume
C
olle
ctin
g an
d m
easu
ring
gase
s pr
oduc
ed fr
om
chem
ical
reac
tions
Calculatingvolumesof
gase
s
N.BU
se 2
4dm
3 /mol
e as
mol
ar
gas
volu
me
at rt
p
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
23
8.20
.0 S
TOIC
HIO
MET
RY
8.21
.0 E
LEC
TRO
CH
EMIS
TRY
31
8.20
.0
STO
ICH
IOM
ETR
Y TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
SES
8.20.1P
erce
ntag
e yi
eld
and
purit
y
Calculatepercentage
purit
y an
d yi
eld
Ex
plainthedifference
betw
een
actu
al a
nd
theo
retic
al y
ield
.
Pe
rcen
tage
yie
ld
- actualyield,theoretical
yiel
d
Perc
enta
ge p
urity
Ex
perim
entingon
dete
rmin
ing
perc
enta
ge
yiel
d an
d pu
rity
-
Ther
mal
dec
ompo
sitio
n of
cal
cium
car
bona
te
- de
stru
ctiv
e di
stilla
tion
of
coal
and
saw
dust
Calculatingpercentage
yiel
ds a
nd p
urity
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Wood,coal,sawdust
32
8.21
.0
ELEC
TRO
CH
EMIS
TRY
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.21.1R
edoxequations
constru
ctbalancedredox
equations
redoxequationse.g
. di
spla
cem
ent r
eact
ions
Deducingelectro
de
reac
tions
Balancingredox
equations
Visitingsites
- Sa
bleChemicals,
Chloridebatteries
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
8.21.2E
lect
roly
tic p
urifi
catio
n of
cop
per
de
scrib
e th
e el
ectro
lytic
ce
ll on
pro
duct
ion
of
copp
er
El
ectro
lytic
pur
ifica
tion
of
copp
er
us
es o
f cop
per a
nd b
y -
prod
ucts
of t
he e
lect
roly
tic
proc
ess
As
sem
blin
g th
e el
ectro
lytic
cel
l
Anal
ysin
g el
ectro
plat
ing
Discussingtheusesof
copp
er a
nd b
y-pr
oduc
ts
Visitingsites
e.g.
Em
pres
s mine,
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
\
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
24
8.22
.0 C
HEM
ICA
L EN
ERG
ETIC
S
8.23
.0 E
QU
ILIB
RIA
33
8.22
.0
CH
EMIC
AL E
NER
GET
ICS
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.22.1E
ntha
lpy
chan
ges
de
scrib
e th
e co
ncep
t of
enth
alpy
cha
nge
determ
ineexperim
entally
enth
alpy
cha
nge
calc
ulat
e en
thal
py
chan
ges
usin
g th
e relationship,
q =
mc
∆T /
VC∆T
En
thal
py c
hang
es o
f :
- co
mbu
stio
n -
neut
ralis
atio
n -
solu
tion
Carryingoutexperiments
to d
eter
min
e en
thal
py
changesofcom
bustion,
neut
ralis
atio
n an
d so
lutio
n
Calculatingenthalpy
chan
ges
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
34
8.23
.0
EQU
ILIB
RIA
TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.23.1P
rodu
ctio
n of
fe
rtilis
ers
de
scrib
e th
e m
anuf
actu
re o
f am
mon
ium
nitr
ate
and
amm
oniu
m s
ulph
ate
ferti
liser
s
Pr
oduc
tion
of fe
rtilis
ers
- am
mon
ium
nitr
ate
- am
mon
ium
su
lpha
te
experim
entingon
prod
uctio
n of
ferti
liser
s by
neu
tralis
ing
amm
onia
with
nitr
ic
acid/sulphuricacid
follo
wed
by
crys
tallis
atio
n
visi
ting
site
s e.
g. S
able
chem
icals,ZimPh
os
sc
ienc
e ki
t
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
8.23.2Industrialapplications
of re
actio
n ki
netic
s an
d equilibria
•linkreactionconditionsto
prod
uctio
n co
sts
for t
he
Haber,andcontactprocess
•analysethecostofproduc-
tion
in re
latio
n to
the
cost
of
prod
uct
•justifytheconditionsfor
Haberandcontactprocess
-es
•Industrial
Appl
icat
ions
•Effectsofconditionson
yiel
ds a
nd c
osts
•Alternativesourcesofraw
mat
eria
ls
•An
alysingreactioncondi-
tions
aga
inst
pro
duct
ivity
•Visitingsites
•An
alysinggraphsshowing
rela
tions
hips
bet
wee
n co
n-di
tions
and
yie
ld
•Resourcepersons
•ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e•
Charts
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
25
8.24
.1 P
ERIO
DIC
TA
BLE
8.25
.0 M
ETA
LS A
ND
NO
N -
MET
ALS
8.24
.0 IN
OR
GA
NIC
CH
EMIS
TRY
36
8.24
.0 IN
OR
GAN
IC C
HEM
ISTR
Y 8.
24.1
PE
RIO
DIC
TAB
LE
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.24.2T
rans
ition
ele
men
ts
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oper
ties
of tr
ansi
tion
elem
ents
explaintheindustrial
and
biol
ogic
al
sign
ifica
nce
of
trans
ition
ele
men
ts
Tr
ansi
tion
elem
ents
(copper,iron,manganese,
cobalt,chrom
ium,nickel,
vanadium
)
Phys
ical
pro
perti
es
Indu
stria
l and
bio
logi
cal
sign
ifica
nce
of tr
ansi
tion
elem
ents
(catalysis,
haem
oglobinandalloys)
D
iscu
ssin
g pr
oper
ties
of
trans
ition
ele
men
ts
Ex
perim
entingto
inve
stig
ate
the
colo
urs
and
cata
lytic
pro
perti
es o
f tra
nsiti
on e
lem
ents
iron
(II),
iron(III),Cu2
+ ,MnO
4- ,MnO
2,Cr3+,Cr 2O
72 ,CrO
42-
vi
sitin
g si
tes
Pe
riodi
c ta
ble
Sa
lts
m
etal
s
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
iron (II),iron(III),
Cu2
+ ,MnO
4- ,MnO
2,Cr3+,Cr 2O
72 ,CrO
42-
37
8.25
.0
M
ETAL
S AN
D N
ON
- M
ETAL
S TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.25.1 C
ompositionofMineral
ores
desc
ribe
the
com
posi
tion
of m
iner
al o
res
Com
positionofmineral
ores
of
- Iro
n -
Copper
- Pl
atin
um
- Lithium
- Nickel
- Gold
Visitingsites
e.g.
Zimbabw
eschoolofm
ines,
Biki
ta minerals,platinum
mines,A
rctu
rus
min
e
An
alys
ing
com
posi
tion
of
sam
ples
of m
iner
al o
res
Sa
mpl
e of
min
eral
ore
s
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
8.25.2E
xtractionofmetals
de
scrib
e th
e m
etho
ds o
f pr
oces
sing
min
eral
s
explaintheusesofm
etals
and
allo
ys in
resp
ect t
o th
eir p
rope
rties
M
etho
ds o
f pro
cess
ing
min
eral
s -
Blas
t fur
nace
-
Purificationofcopper,
nickel,platinum
,gold
Va
lueadditionand
bene
ficia
tion
Usesofmetalsandalloys
Discussingthemethodsof
extra
ctingminerals
Discussing
impo
rtanc
e of
va
lue
addi
tion
and
bene
ficia
tion
on m
iner
al
reso
urce
s
Visi
ting
site
s e.
g.
Zim
babw
e Sc
hool
of
Mines,B
ikitaminerals,
Platinum
mines,A
rcturu
s m
ine
and
othe
r sm
all s
cale
m
ines
Discussing
the
form
atio
n of
alloysofcopper,iron,
alum
iniu
m
Discussing
uses
of m
etal
s an
d al
loys
Sa
mpl
e of
min
eral
ore
s
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
26
8.25
.0 M
ETA
LS A
ND
NO
N -
MET
ALS
CO
NTD
..
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd K
now
l-ed
ge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
•explaintheusesofm
etals
and
allo
ys in
resp
ect t
o th
eir
prop
ertie
s
•Usesofmetalsandalloys
Platinum
mines,Arcturus
min
e an
d ot
her s
mal
l sc
ale
min
es•
Discussingtheformation
ofalloysofcopper,iron,
alum
iniu
m•
Discussingusesofm
etals
and
allo
ys
38
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
: C
ON
TEN
T (A
TTIT
UD
ES, S
KIL
LS
AND
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SU
GG
ESTE
D A
CTI
VITI
ES
AND
NO
TES
SUG
GES
TED
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.25.3P
roce
ssin
g of
di
amon
d an
d co
al
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oces
sing
of
diam
ond
and
coal
Pr
oces
sing
of d
iam
ond
and
coal
Destru
ctivedistilla
tionofcoal
Coalgasification
Valueadditionand
bene
ficia
tion
Discussingimporta
nceof
valu
e ad
ditio
n an
d be
nefic
iatio
n on
min
eral
re
sour
ces
Visitingsi
tes
- Hwange
- Zi
mch
em
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Coal
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
8.25.4Liquefactionand
fract
iona
l dist
illatio
n of
air
de
scrib
e th
e liquefaction
and
fract
iona
l dis
tilla
tion
of
air
identifytheusesofO
xygen,
Nitrogen,C
arbondioxide
and
nobl
e ga
ses
Com
positionofair
Liquefactionandfra
ctional
dist
illatio
n of
air
UsesofOxygen,Nitrogen,
Carbondioxideandnoble
gase
s
Discussingthe
composition,liquefaction
and
fract
iona
l dis
tilla
tion
of a
ir
Visitingsites
e.g.
sab
le
chem
icals,BOC
gas
es
Si
mul
atin
g us
ing ICT
toolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Flow
charts
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
s
softw
are
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
27
8.26
.0 O
RG
AN
IC C
HEM
ISTR
Y
8.26
.1 F
UEL
S
8.27
.0 C
LASS
IFIC
ATIO
N A
ND
NO
MEN
CLA
TUR
E O
F O
RG
AN
IC C
OM
POU
ND
S
8.28
.0 H
YDR
OC
AR
BO
NS
39
8.26
.0 O
RG
ANIC
CH
EMIS
TRY
8.26
.1
FUEL
S TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.26.2F
uelefficiency
determ
ine,
experim
entally,the
heat
ing
valu
es o
f fue
ls
explainwhysom
efuels
are
mor
e ef
ficie
nt th
an
othe
rs
Ty
pes
of fu
els
Fuelefficiency
Ex
perim
entin
g w
ith fu
els
to d
eter
min
e th
eir
heat
ing
valu
es
Discussingthereasons
why
the
fuel
s ha
ve
diffe
rent
effi
cien
cy
Fu
els
Th
erm
omet
er
Be
aker
Burn
ers
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
40
8.27
.0
C
LASS
IFIC
ATIO
N A
ND
NO
MEN
CLA
TUR
E O
F O
RG
ANIC
CO
MPO
UN
DS
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D K
NO
WLE
DG
E)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.27.1I
som
eris
m
de
scrib
e th
e te
rm
isom
eris
m
id
entif
y st
ruct
ural
is
omer
s of
alk
anes
draw
the
stru
ctur
es o
f th
e is
omer
s
st
ruct
ures
of i
som
ers
of a
lkan
es u
p to
6
carb
on a
tom
s
di
scus
sing
is
omer
ism
mak
ing
mod
els
of
isom
ers
of a
lkan
es
si
mul
atin
g is
omer
ism
m
odel
s
ICTtoolsand
Braille/Jaw
ssoftw
are
41
8.28
.0
H
YDR
OC
ARB
ON
S TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
(ATT
ITU
DES
, SK
ILLS
AN
D
KN
OW
LED
GE)
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.28.1
Alka
nes
and
Alke
nes
desc
ribe
the
man
ufac
ture
of
alka
nes
and
alke
nes
di
stin
guis
h be
twee
n al
kane
s an
d al
kene
s
desc
ribe
the
chem
ical
pro
perti
es
of a
lkan
es a
s exem
plifiedby
met
hane
desc
ribe
the
chem
ical
pro
perti
es
of a
lken
es a
s exem
plifiedby
et
hene
Crackingoflong
chai
n al
kane
s
Com
bustionof
alka
nes
and
alke
nes
R
eact
ion
with
ch
lorin
e in
the
presenceofU
Vlig
ht a
nd in
da
rkne
ss
R
eact
ion
with
br
omin
e w
ater
Rea
ctio
n of
eth
ene
with
ste
am a
nd
hydr
ogen
M
akin
g m
odel
s of
al
kene
s an
d al
kane
s
Drawing
stru
ctur
es o
f al
kane
s an
d al
kene
s
Burn
ing
Experim
entingwith
cook
ing
oil t
o de
mon
stra
te c
rack
ing
H
ydro
carb
ons
Discussing
the
prod
uctio
n of
m
arga
rine
and
etha
nol
Hydrocarbon
Burn
er
Sa
nd
Cookingoil
Br
omin
e w
ater
Boilin
g tu
be
Deliverytubes
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
28
8.28
.0 H
YDR
OC
AR
BO
NS
CO
NTD
..
8.29
.0 A
LCO
HO
LS
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
T(A
ttitu
des,
Ski
lls a
nd
Kno
wle
dge)
SUG
GES
TED
NO
TES
AN
D
AC
TIVI
TIES
SUG
GES
TED
R
ESO
UR
CES
c
hem
ical
pro
perti
es o
f alkanesasexemplifiedby
met
hane
•describethechem
icalprop-
ertiesofalkenesasexem
pli-
fiedbyethene
•Reactionwithchlorinein
thepresenceofU
Vlight
and
in d
arkn
ess
•Reactionwithbromine
wat
er•
Reactionofethenewith
stea
m a
nd h
ydro
gen
c
ooki
ng o
il to
dem
onst
rate
cr
acki
ng•
Hydrocarbons
•Discussingtheproduction
of m
arga
rine
and
etha
nol
•Deliverytubes
42
8.29
.0
AL
CO
HO
LS
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.29.1F
ermentation
desc
ribe
the
cond
ition
s ne
cess
ary
for t
he
ferm
enta
tion
proc
ess
desc
ribe
the
indu
stria
l pr
oduc
tion
of e
than
ol b
y fe
rmen
tatio
n
Conditionsfor
ferm
enta
tion
Ferm
entation
- et
hano
l -
mah
ewu
- In
dige
nous
bee
r br
ewin
g
Discussingconditions
nece
ssar
y fo
r fe
rmen
tatio
n
inve
stig
atin
g th
e co
nditi
ons
nece
ssar
y fo
r fe
rmen
tatio
n
visi
ting
site
s e.
g.
brew
eries,ethanol
prod
uctio
n pl
ants
Glucose
Yeas
t
Suga
rcan
e
Malt,hops,m
aize,
barley,ra
poko,sorghum
8.29.2p
rope
rties
of e
than
ol
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oper
ties
of e
than
ol
desc
ribe
the
uses
and
so
cial
effe
cts
of e
than
ol
So
lubi
lity
Bo
iling
poin
t
Com
bustion
Oxidationtocarboxylic
acid
s
Dehydration
of e
than
ol
to e
then
e
Usesofethanol
-
Solv
ents
-
Fuels(blendpetrol)
- Pe
rfum
es
- Al
coho
lic b
ever
ages
Soci
al e
ffect
s
Bu
rnin
g of
eth
anol
Test
ing
for e
than
ol u
sing
po
tass
ium
dic
hrom
ate
Dehydratingethanol
usin
g co
ncen
trate
d su
lphu
ric a
cid
Discussingthe
uses
and
so
cial
effe
cts
of u
sing
et
hano
l
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
29
8.30
.0 C
AR
BO
XYLI
C A
CID
S
8.31
.0 P
OLY
MER
S
43
8.30
.0
C
ARB
OXY
LIC
AC
IDS
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.30.1C
hem
istry
of
carboxylicacids
desc
ribe
the
form
atio
n of
et
hano
ic a
cid
de
scrib
e th
e ch
emic
al
propertiesofcarboxylic
acid
s
desc
ribe
the
uses
of
etha
noic
aci
ds
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oces
s of
sa
poni
ficat
ion
Oxidationofethanol
(refertoalcohols)
Propertiesofcarboxylic
ac
ids
- Es
terif
icat
ion
-
Rea
ctio
n w
ith
carb
onat
es
Usesofethanoicacids
- M
anuf
actu
re o
f pe
rfum
es
- Fo
odpreservation
- Flavouring
Soap
man
ufac
turin
g
Stru
ctur
e of
soa
p m
olec
ule
Glycerine/glycerol
Ex
perim
entingon
chem
ical
pro
perti
es o
f et
hano
ic a
cid
Discussingtheusesof
etha
noic
aci
ds
M
akin
g so
ap in
the
labo
rato
ry
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Perfu
me
sam
ples
Vinegar
An
imal
fat
So
dium
chl
orid
e
Sodium
hydroxide
44
8.31
.0
PO
LYM
ERS
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.31.1S
ynth
etic
pol
ymer
s
de
scrib
e th
e fo
rmat
ion
of
poly
then
e
de
scrib
e th
e fo
rmat
ion
of
nylo
n an
d te
ryle
ne
dr
aw s
truct
ures
to
repr
esen
t syn
thet
ic
poly
mer
s
iden
tify
repe
at u
nits
for
poly
mer
s
dedu
ce th
e st
ruct
ure
of
the
mon
omer
from
a g
iven
po
lym
er a
nd v
ice-
vers
a
desc
ribe
the
uses
of
synt
hetic
pol
ymer
s
Ad
ditio
n po
lym
eris
atio
n
Stru
ctur
es o
f: -
Poly
then
e
Condensation
poly
mer
isat
ion
- Nylon
-
Tery
lene
Usesofsynthetic
poly
mer
s N
.B:
Use
blo
ck d
iagr
ams
to re
pres
ent
cond
ensa
tion
poly
mer
s
Discussing
poly
mer
isat
ion
Id
entif
ying
and
nam
ing
lin
kage
s in
syn
thet
ic
poly
mer
s
Dra
win
g re
peat
uni
ts fo
r po
lym
ers
Drawingstructuresto
repr
esen
t mon
omer
s an
d po
lym
ers
Discussingontheuses
of s
ynth
etic
pol
ymer
s
Visitingsites
- Sa
ltram
a pl
astic
s -
Treg
er p
last
ics
M
odel
s an
d im
ages
to
repr
esen
t stru
ctur
es o
f m
onom
ers
ICTtoolsandBraille/Jaw
sso
ftwar
e
Sam
ples
of d
iffer
ent
poly
mer
s
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
8.31.2N
atur
al P
olym
ers
nam
e th
e ty
pe o
f lin
kage
s in
eac
h of
the
poly
mer
s
draw
stru
ctur
es to
re
pres
ent n
atur
al
poly
mer
s
dedu
ce s
truct
ure
of th
e m
onom
er fr
om a
giv
en
poly
mer
and
vic
e-ve
rsa
de
scrib
e th
e hy
drol
ysis
of
natu
ral p
olym
ers
Naturalpolym
ers
- St
arch
-
Prot
eins
Hydrolysisofnatural
poly
mer
s
Discussingstructuresof
natu
ral p
olym
ers
Dra
win
g st
ruct
ures
of
natu
ral p
olym
ers
Discussinghydrolysisof
natu
ral p
olym
ers
Experim
entingonacid
hydr
olys
is o
f nat
ural
po
lym
ers
Sc
ienc
e ki
t
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
30
8.31
.0 P
OLY
MER
S C
ON
TD..
8.32
.0 E
NVI
RO
NM
ENTA
L C
HEM
ISTR
Y
8.32
.1 W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
TSU
GG
ESTE
D N
OTE
S A
ND
A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
•describetheusesofsyn
-th
etic
pol
ymer
s-
Nylon
- Te
ryle
ne
•Usesofsyntheticpoly-
mer
sN
.B:
Use
blo
ck d
iagr
ams
to re
pres
ent c
on-
dens
atio
n po
lym
ers
- Tr
eger
pla
stic
s
8.31.2N
aturalPolym
ers
•namethetypeoflinkages
in e
ach
of th
e po
lym
ers
•draw
structurestorepre-
sent
nat
ural
pol
ymer
s•
deducestructureofthe
mon
omer
from
a g
iven
po
lym
er a
nd v
ice-
vers
a•
describethehydrolysisof
natu
ral p
olym
ers
•Naturalpolym
ers
- St
arch
-
Prot
eins
•Hydrolysisofnaturalpoly-
mer
s
•Discussingstructuresof
natu
ral p
olym
ers
•Drawingstructuresofnatu-
ral p
olym
ers
•Discussinghydrolysisof
natu
ral p
olym
ers
•Experim
entingonacidhy
-dr
olys
is o
f nat
ural
pol
ymer
s
•Sciencekit
45
8.32
.0 E
NVI
RO
NM
ENTA
L C
HEM
ISTR
Y 8.
32.1
W
ASTE
MAN
AGEM
ENT
TOPI
C
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e
to:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.32.2W
aste
dis
posa
l m
etho
ds
id
entif
y th
e w
aste
di
spos
al m
etho
ds
de
scrib
e th
e ad
vant
ages
an
d di
sadv
anta
ges
of
each
of t
he m
etho
ds o
f w
aste
dis
posa
l
explain
the
conc
epts
of
re-u
sing
and
recy
clin
g of
w
aste
W
aste
dis
posa
l met
hods
: incineration,landfills,
activ
ated
slu
dge
re-u
sing
and
recy
clin
g of
w
aste
s
Describing
each
of t
he
met
hods
of w
aste
di
spos
al
Visitingsitese.g.bio
-digesters,incinerators,
land
fills
In
cine
rato
rs
Landfills
Sew
age
treat
men
t pl
ants
Com
post
s
Bio-
dige
ster
s
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
31
8.33
.0 P
OLL
UTI
ON
8.34
.0 W
ATER
PU
RIF
ICAT
ION
46
8.33
.0
POLL
UTI
ON
TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.33.1S
ourc
es o
f pol
luta
nts
list t
he s
ourc
es o
f po
lluta
nts
explaintheeffect
s of
po
llutio
n
de
scrib
e m
etho
ds o
f co
ntro
lling
pollu
tion
So
urce
s of
pol
luta
nts
- In
dust
rial w
aste
-
Exhaustfum
es
- Dom
esticwaste
Effe
cts
of p
ollu
tant
s -
Acid
rain
-
Eutro
phic
atio
n
- Globalw
arming
- Healthhazards
- Ozonelayer
depl
etio
n
Met
hods
of c
ontro
lling
pollu
tion
- Catalyticconvertors
-
Rec
yclin
g
- sh
aker
s
Discussingsourcesof
pollu
tion
Discussingeffectsof
pollu
tion
Visitingsites
Discussingmethodsof
cont
rollin
g po
llutio
n
ICTtoolsand
Braille/Jaw
ssoftw
are
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
Catalyticconvertor
47
8.34
.0
W
ATER
PU
RIF
ICAT
ION
TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D
RES
OU
RC
ES
8.34.1W
ater
pur
ifica
tion
de
scrib
e th
e pr
oces
s of
la
rge
scal
e w
ater
pu
rific
atio
n
explaintheroleof
alum
iniu
m s
ulph
ate
and
ch
lorin
e in
the
treat
men
t of
wat
er
W
ater
pur
ifica
tion
- Filtration
- Flocculation
-
Sedi
men
tatio
n -
Chlorination
ro
le o
f alu
min
ium
sul
phat
e an
d ch
lorin
e
prob
lem
s as
soci
ated
with
w
ater
pur
ifica
tion
Ex
perim
entin
g on
se
dim
enta
tion
and
filtra
tion
Vi
sitin
g si
tes
e.g.
-
Wat
er w
orks
Discussingtherolesof
alum
iniu
m s
ulph
ate
and
chlo
rine
R
esou
rce
pers
ons
M
odel
s of
San
d fil
ters
Wat
er g
uard
Alum
iniu
m s
ulph
ate
Chloridetablets
Po
tass
ium
Chlorate(V)
SUB
TO
PIC
LEA
RN
ING
OB
JEC
TIVE
S Le
arne
rs s
houl
d be
abl
e to
:C
ON
TEN
TSU
GG
ESTE
D N
OTE
S A
ND
A
CTI
VITI
ESSU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
32
8.35
.0 H
ERB
S
48
8.35
.0
H
ERB
S TO
PIC
O
BJE
CTI
VES
Lear
ners
sho
uld
be a
ble
to
:
CO
NTE
NT
SUG
GES
TED
AC
TIVI
TIES
AN
D N
OTE
S SU
GG
ESTE
D R
ESO
UR
CES
8.35.1H
erbs
desc
ribe
the
uses
of h
erbs
de
scrib
e ad
vant
ages
and
di
sadv
anta
ges
of u
sing
he
rbs
Usesofherbs
-
Healthand
agric
ultu
re
Ad
vant
ages
and
di
sadv
anta
ges
of h
erbs
Listingofherbsfoun
d in
the
loca
l env
ironm
ent
Visitingherbalg
arde
ns
D
iscu
ssin
g on
the
adva
ntag
es a
nd
disa
dvan
tage
s of
usi
ng
herb
s
H
erbs
Res
ourc
e pe
rson
s
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
33
8.0 ASSESSMENT
8.1 ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVESTheschemeofassessmentisgroundedintheprincipleofinclusivityandequalisationofopportunitieshencedoesnotcondone direct or indirect discrimination of learners.
Modificationsofarrangementstoaccommodatecandidateswithspecialneedsmustbeputinplaceinbothcontinu-ousandsummativeassessments.Thesemodificationsmustneithergivethesecandidatesanundueadvantageoverothers nor compromise the standards being assessed.
NB:Forfurtherdetailsonarrangements,accommodationsandmodificationsrefertotheassessmentprocedurebook-let.Thethreeassessmentobjectivesin‘O’LevelChemistryare:
1: Knowledge and understanding2:Handlinginformationandproblemsolving3:Experimentalskills,investigationsandapplications
1: Knowledge and understanding
Candidatesshouldbeabletodemonstrateknowledgeandunderstandingof:•scientificquantitiesandtheirdetermination•scientificphenomena,facts,laws,definitions,concepts,theories•scientificvocabulary,terminology,conventions(includingsymbols,quantitiesandunits)•scientificinstrumentsandapparatus,includingtechniquesofoperationandaspectsofsafety•scientificandtechnologicalapplicationswiththeirsocial,economicandenvironmentalimplications.
2:Handlinginformation,problemsolving,synthesis,analysisandevaluation
Usingwordsorotherwrittenformsofpresentation(e.g.symbolic,graphicalandnumerical),candidatesshouldbeableto:
•makepredictionsandhypotheses•manipulatenumericalandotherdata•solveproblemsquantitativelyandqualitatively.•translateinformationfromoneformtoanother.•useinformationtoidentifypatterns,reporttrendsanddrawinferences.•locate,select,organiseandpresentinformationfromavarietyofsources.•presentreasonedexplanationsonphenomena,patternsandrelationships.
3:Experimentalskills,investigationsandapplications
Candidatesshouldbeableto:
•makeandrecordobservationsandmeasurements•interpretandevaluateexperimentalobservationsanddata•Usetheknowledgeofchemistrytosolveeverydaylifechallenges,acquireandenhanceenterprisingskills•demonstratecorrectuseoftechniques,apparatus,andmaterials(includingfollowingasequenceofinstructions,
whereappropriate)•planinvestigations,evaluatemethodsandsuggestpossibleimprovements(includingtheselectionoftechniques,
apparatusandmaterials)..
Chemistry Syllabus Forms 3 - 4
34
8.2 SCHEME OF ASSESSMENT
8.3 SPECIFICATION GRID
TheassessmentschemeforChemistrycomprisesof:
a)Continuousassessment,and
b)Summativeassessment.ThefinalgradeinChemistryis30%continuousassessmentand70%summativeassessment.The assessment shall be administered as follows:ContinuousAssessment/ProfileSummative assessment
-Paper1:Multiplechoicequestions
-Paper2:Structuredtheoryquestions
-Paper3:PracticalExamination
PAPER Type of paper Duration Marks Paper Weighting %1 Multiple choice 1 hr 40 202 Theory 2 hrs 100 40
PAPER1:THEORY:thepaperconsistsof40compulsorymultiplechoiceitemsofthedirectchoicetype.Acopyoftheperiodictablewillbeprintedaspartofthispaper.Eachquestionshallhave4responseitems.
PAPER2:THEORY.Thepaperhas2sections,SectionAandB.SectionAwillcarry40marksandwillconsistsoffivecompulsorystructuredquestionsof8markseach.SectionBcarries60marksandwillconsistof5structuredquestions.Eachquestionwillcarry15marks.Candidateswillberequiredtoanswerany4questions.Acopyoftheperiodictablewillbeprintedaspartofthispaper
PAPER3:PRACTICALTESTThispaperwillconsistof2compulsoryquestionseachcarrying20marks.Learnerswillbeassessedastheycarryoutthepracticalexamination.
SKILL Paper 1 Paper 2 Paper3KnowledgeandUnderstanding 15% 15%HandlingofinformationandProblemsolving 40% 50%Analysis,SynthesisandEvaluation 45% 45%Experimental,Investigative and application
100%
TOTAL 100% 100% 100%
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENTLevel Assessment Tasks Frequency WeighingForm3 • Practicaltest
• Theorytest• Project
• 2perterm• 3perterm• 1peryear
10%
ThiscomponentwillconsistofstandardisedtestsinPractical,TheoryandProjectsadministeredduringthefirst5
terms.
top related