november 9, 2005

Sociology of Environment

11-9-05

Week 11B

Energy

Overview

Welcome News

Presentation Sociology of Energy

Next Meeting: Battle over ANWR

Energy & Society

To begin….with Humor:

http://www.markfiore.com/animation.html

US Energy Policy 2001

US government Policy

http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/

US Energy Policy 2001

Ease Restrictions of oil/gas development on Public Lands, e.g. ANWR

Ease Permitting process for refinery expansion and construction

Support Geothermal/ hydropower

US Energy Policy 2001

Streamline approval process for siting power plants

Tax breaks for clean coal technologies/ Nuclear

Ease regulatory barriers for utilities

Some tax credits for renewable energy/ hybrids

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy

Human muscle powerFire

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy Human muscle power Fire

Short periods – Man – 800 watts [1 horse power]

Over several days – Man on avg. 0.3 HP

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– First Major Leap Domestication of animals

– Horses, oxen, mules, camels and elephants

– Egyptians 3500 BC captured Wind with Sails

Egyptian Sailing Vessels

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Around 400 BC – an important invention?

Important Invention

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Around 400 BC – an important invention?

The Horseshoe!!

Allowed for agricultural work in fields

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– By Middle Ages 500AD to 1500AD

Wind and water regularly used to provide energy– Windmills– Waterwheels

Ancient Windmills

Ancient Windmills

Ancient Water Wheels

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Beginning of the Industrial Revolution – Britain – ENERGY SHORTAGE [timber]

– Utilization of Coal– James Watt – inventor of the steam engine

– Industrial Revolution – took off

Human Use of Energy – Population Growth

Human Use of Energy

Brief History

– Modern Industrial Use of Energy

– Conventional Energy Mix (Fossil Fuel +) Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro

Total Energy Use

Total Energy Use & Pollution

http://www.elpc.org/polCalc/index.htm

Energy form the Earth’s Crust

Sources of Energy

First US Oil well

1859 in Pennsylvania

Total Oil Worldwide 6% of the energy found in Coal

Special Liquid Properties

Energy Consumption by FuelQuadrillion Btu

Energy Consumption by Fuel

Relative Proportions– US – Normalized/ units per capita

Each Curve 50 years

Illustrates Pattern of Replacement

Oil & Gas coming to an end ??

Next Source?

Global Energy Use Patterns

Natural Gas 19.6%

Natural Gas25.0%

Oil39.5%

Oil39.2%

Coal30.3%

Coal23.1%

Hydroelectric6.7%

Nuclear3.9%

Hydroelectric7.7%

Nuclear5.0%

Natural Gas 19.6%

Natural Gas25.0%

Oil39.5%

Oil39.2%

Coal30.3%

Coal23.1%

Hydroelectric6.7%

Nuclear3.9%

Hydroelectric7.7%

Nuclear5.0%

Worldwide North America

Growth World Energy Consumption

Growth World Energy Consumption

Global Energy Use Patterns

Global Energy Use Patterns

US Dependence on Foreign Oil

Where Does the Energy Go US?

Relative ConsumptionAnnual per capita Commercial Energy Consumption (UNEP 2000)

US Sources Energy Production

Fossil Fuels 86% Geothermal 0.5% Nuclear  8% Wind Farms 0.1% Hydroelectric 2% Solar 0.1% Biofuels 3.3% Source: US Department of Energy

Wealth & Energy Use

Energy Use Prospects

Reserves vs. Resources

– Reserves = Proven, existing supplies

– Resources = Total amount in nature [discovered yet or not]

Location of Resources - Global

Location of Coal Resources - US

Peak Oil

Oil will not just "run out" because all oil production follows a bell curve. This is true whether we're talking about an individual field, a country, or on the planet as a whole. 

Peak Oil

World Oil Consumption – long view

US Gas Prices

US Gas Prices & Autos

Is the big SUV dying?

– News Items from MSN Best Selling Ford Explorer – 58% sales drop

– September 2005 compared to September 2004

Ford Expedition [14 miles/gallon] 61% sales drop

Ford stopped selling its Excursion – August 2005

US Gas Prices & Autos

Is the big SUV dying? Cont.

– News Items from MSN GM’s full sized SUVs, - to be replaced by more fuel-

efficient models – fell 56% Hummer H2 Sales – were off 31% New Hummer H3 – off to a brisk start [16mph/ city]

US Gas Prices & Autos

Is the big SUV dying? Cont.

– News Items from MSN Toyota 46% few of its large Sequoia SUV Sales of smaller SUV down sharply

Honda – SUV Pilot – off 26% Nissan – Armadas [13mph] – down 20%

Toyota’s Prius – 90% increase

Trans Alaskan Pipeline

http://www.solcomhouse.com/pipeline.htm

Exxon Valdez

March 24, 1989 – Oil Tanker – Exxon Valdez – hit Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound

The Sound – one of the most pristine and productive estuaries in the world

Largest Oil Spill in US History– 11 million barrels

$4 billion in legal damages

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez disaster is estimated to have killed 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbour seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and an unknown number of salmon and herring.

Exxon Valdez

Path of the Tanker

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez

Exxon Valdez

ANWR

ANWR Controversy

ANWR Information

http://www.anwr.org/

ANWR Controversy

Reaction Paper #1: ANWAR – Due Monday November 14 [bring paper to class]

Position: Pro Drilling or Con; What should happen to ANWR and why? What would be gained and what would be lost?

Attendance is HIGHLY encouraged.