nios std x 10th business studies ch 5 transport services

Transport Services

Activity that helps physical movement

of goods and people

from one place to another

Importance of transport

A. Makes raw materials available to manufacturers or producers - - transport carries the raw materials to the place of production.

B. Makes goods available to customers - carries finished goods to the market where they are sold.

C. Enhances standard of living - - gives the consumer choice of different goods of different quality and price.

- large scale production lowers the cost of production,

- large scale production needs vast areas. - this is not easily available.

- location of a production unit is not a problem because of the good transport systems

D. Facilitates large scale production at low costs

E. Helps during emergencies and natural calamities - - it helps in the quick movement of troops and supplies.

F. Helps in creation of employment - - Eg. drivers, conductors, cabin crew, pilots etc.

H. Helps in bringing nations together - - transport facilitates movement of people from one country to another. - It promotes international brotherhood.

G. Helps in labour mobility - - it helps bring people from their place of residence to their place of work.

A. Makes raw materials available to manufacturers or producers

B. Makes goods available to customers

C. Enhances standard of living

D. Facilitates large scale production at low costs

E. Helps during emergencies and natural calamities

F. Helps in creation of employment

G. Helps in labour mobility

H. Helps in bringing nations together

Modes of transport

a. Land Transport – Trucks, buses, trains, cars etc. used to carry goods and people

across land.

b. Water Transport – Ships, boats etc. used to carry cargo and people across waterways.

c. Air Transport – Planes, helicopters etc. used to carry goods and people through air.

Modes of land transporta. Road Transport – roads connect places on land surfaces. - cars, buses, trucks, cycles etc. run on roads.

b. Rail Transport – transporting goods and people by trains.

c. Pipeline Transport – used for water supply to houses and offices. - used to transport petrol and natural gas from one

place

d. Ropeway Transport – connects different places on hills, across valleys and rivers. - this is done with the help of trolleys on wheels.

Types of road transporta. Man driven – People carrying goods on their head and back. - People carrying goods on cycles.

b. Animal driven – Vehicles like carts drawn by bullocks, horses, donkeys etc. - used in rural areas.

c. Motor driven – Vehicles like buses, trucks, vans etc. that carry goods and people.

Merits of road transport.

Merits - i) Cheap mode of transport.

ii) Perishable goods can be transported very fast.

iii) Door to door service.

iv) Helps in areas where there are no other means of transport.

Demerits of road transport.

Demerits - i) Not cheap for long distances.

ii) Transporting heavy goods is expensive.

iii) Affected by weather conditions like floods, rain etc.

Merits of railway transport.

Merits - i) Convenient for long distances.

ii) Faster than road transport.

iii) Best for carrying heavy goods in large quantities over long distances.

iv) Less affected by weather conditions.

Demerits of railway transport.

Demerits - i) Not cheap for short distances. ii) Not there in far of places. iii) Not flexible as there is a fixed time schedule. iv) Not flexible as there is a fixed place for loading and unloading. v) Accident means heavy loss of life and goods.

Modes of water transport

a. Inland Water Transport - - uses boats, launches, barges, steamers etc. to move on rivers and canals. - helps home trade. - helps carry bulky goods.

b. Ocean Transport / Sea Transport - uses ships to move on sea or ocean - helps transportation in coastal areas - helps international trade. - has fixed route - there are two types of sea transport.

i) Coastal Shipping – - ships move between port of a country. - helps home trade

ii) Overseas Shipping - - ships move between different countries. - helps international trade. - has fixed route - different types of ships like liners and tramps used.

[Tramp Ships :A boat or ship engaged in the tramp trade is one which does not have a fixed schedule or published ports of call.].

Difference between liners and tramps

Liners Tramps

1.Passenger and cargo ship 1.Cargo ship

2.Belongs to a shipping company

2.Does not make regular trips

3.Fixed route 3. No fixed route

4.Has fixed time table 4 No fixed time table

Advantages of water transport.

Advantages- i) Cheap for bulky and heavy goods. ii) Safe way of carrying goods and people. iii) Helps international trade. iv) Routes are naturally made so there is no need to maintain them.

limitations of water transport.

Limitations - i) Very slow. ii) Not good for perishable goods. iii) Affected by weather conditions. iv) Ships need large investment to maintain them.

Advantages of air transport.

Advantages - i) Fastest kind of transport. ii) Most convenient during natural disasters, iii) Helps national security and defence. iv) Useful in areas which cannot be reached any other way.

Disadvantages of air transport.

Disadvantages - i) Most expensive form of transport. ii) Not used for bulky or heavy goods. iii) Not used for short distance travel. iv) Accidents mean heavy loss of life and goods. v) Affected by weather conditions.