neonatal tetanus 20060705
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Tetanus Toxoid
MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing Workshop
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International Goals & Targets
MDG 5: Reduce by three quarters the maternal
mortality ratio
Strategy: Elimination of maternal and neonatal tetanus
Target: Reduce incidenceof neonatal tetanus to lessthan 1 case of neonatal tetanus per 1000 live births in
every district
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International Goals & Targets
By 2005, Reduction in infantand under-five mortality rate
by at least 1/3, in pursuit of
the goal of reducing it by 2/3
by 2015
Eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus by 2005
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Background
Caused by tetanus spores, a bacteriafound everywhere in the environment
Transmission occurs when there is
contact with broken skin such as aninfants umbilical cord
Poverty, poor hygiene and limited
access to health services increase therisk for transmission during childbirth
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Background
Prevention is possible by:
1. Immunization of pregnant women with at least2 doses of tetanus toxoid vaccine (TT2+),
passing protection to the newborn for up tofirst two months of life
2. Immunization of women of childbearing agewho live in areas of high risk fortransmission (delivery of immunizationsusually through campaigns)
3. Promotion of clean delivery and cord carepractices
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Background
Deaths of children by cause for vaccine preventable diseases
(As of March 2004; source WHO)
Cause 2002
Under 5 Over 5
Diphtheria 4,000 1,000
Measles 540,000 71,000
Poliomyelitis .. ..
Tetanus (excluding NT) 18,000 15,000
Neonatal Tetanus 180,000 ..
Pertussis 294,000
Yellow Fever 15,000 15,000
Haemophilus Influenzae B 413,000
Total 1,464,000 102,000
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Note: The boundaries and the names shown and the designations used
on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by theUnited Nations.
MNT not eliminated
Countries with TT campigns
MNT eliminated* includes Timor-Leste
1997 2000 2002
248,000
200,000
180,000
Neonatal Tetanus
death reduction
Situation of Maternal and Neonatal Tetanus(Remains a prob lem in 48 coun tr ies)
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Indicator
Neonatal tetanus p rotect ion
(pro tect ion at bir th against tetanus)
Numerator Number of mothers of live births in the
previous year with at least two doses of TTwithin appropriate interval prior to infants
birth
Denominator Total number of women surveyed aged 15-49 years with a birth in the year preceding
the survey
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Methodological issues
-Data collected for all births during the 2 yearsbefore the surveyindicator includes only
those during the last one year
-Complex algorithm for the estimation of thenumerator
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Methodological issues
o two TT doses during the pregnancy (TT3>=2)o one TT dose during the pregnancy and at least
one TT dose prior to the pregnancy (TT3=1 ANDTT6>=1)
o at least two TT doses prior to the pregnancy ofwhich the last dose was less than 3 years beforethe birth
o with 3 doses within the 5 years before thepregnancy
o with 4 doses with the last dose less than 10years before the pregnancy
o with 5 doses or more ever (TT6>=5).
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Country data CEE/CIS
Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004
Turkey 41%
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Country data Eastern and Southern Africa
Neonatal tetanus protection (%),2004
62
45
45
46
53
55
60
60
61
62
67
7070
70
75
76
83
90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Eastern and Southern Africa
Burundi
Ethiopia
Comoros
Uganda
Madagascar
Mozambique
Somalia
South Africa
Eritrea
Namibia
KenyaMalawi
Zimbabwe
Angola
Rwanda
Zambia
Tanzania
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Country data West and Central Africa
Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004
57
3335
40
4042
43
4550
51
56
5860
61
6565
69
7075
76
7785
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
West and Central Af rica
MauritaniaLiberia
Equitorial Guinea
ChadCentral Af rican
Niger
GabonMali
Nigeria
Guinea-BissauCongo Dem. Rep.
Cameroon
TogoBurkina FasoCongo
BeninGhana
Cte dIvoire
Sierra LeoneGuinea
Senegal
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Country data MENA
Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004
21
37
70
71
0 20 40 60 80 100
Yemen
Sudan
Iraq
Egypt
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Country data LAC
Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004
Haiti 52%
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Country data South Asia
Neonatal tetanus protection (%), 2004
70
35
42
45
45
80
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
South Asia
Afghanistan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Pakistan
India
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