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NCHRP 20-59 (14B)
PROJECT UPDATE
T-1
AASHTO Technical Subcommittee for Bridge Security
Meghann Valeo, P.E.
6/23/2014
1
Objectives
• Introduce Research Team
• Objectives of Research
• Gather T-1 Committee Input
• Discussion
2
Research Team
CASE, LLC and WMC, LLC
David Eckern, Jeffrey Western
Principal Investigators
Ernest “Ron” Frazier, Jeff Caldwell
Countermeasures Assessment &
Security Experts
Pat Bye, Dave Fletcher, Meghann Valeo
Western Management and
Consulting
Alan Pisarski
Independent Consultant
Objective
To develop and produce three (3) products to be considered for use by SCOTSEM, AASHTO and related Associations, NCHRP Panel 20-59, various Federal Agencies (including FHWA, FTA, DHS, etc) and State DOTs in forming policy recommendations, security advocacy, investment direction and educational outreach opportunities.
• Fundamentals of Effective All Hazards Security Management for State DOTs
• All Hazards Security and Emergency Management Implementation Plan for State DOTs and other Transportation Organizations
• National Needs Assessment for Ensuring Transportation Infrastructure Security
4
Core Tasks
CASE, LLC and WMC, LLC
5
NATIONAL
NEEDS ASSESSMENT
Ensuring Transportation Infrastructure Security
INTERIM DRAFT SUMMARY
6/23/2014
6
Program
Areas
• Protection of Critical Mobility Assets
• Enhancement of Traffic Management Capabilities
• Improvement of State DOT Emergency Response
• Improvement of State DOT All-Hazards Resilience (New)
• Existing Tunnel – Cybersecurity
• Transportation Management Centers – Security Cybersecurity
• DOT Short Term and Long Range All-Hazards Resilience
• Modal Security Cost Data for Transit, Maritime, Freight Rail and Aeronautics.
7
Added
Program
Elements
Cost
Tables
• Table 1: Annual and Six Year
Total Costs Summary for
Highway-Related Security
Programs
• Table 2: Annual and Six Year
Total Costs Summary for
Transportation Modal Security
Programs (New)
8
Table 1: Annual and Six Year Total Costs Summary for Highway-Related Security Programs DRAFT 4/29/2014 … Meghann Valeo/Jeff Western
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $600
$5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $30
Existing Tunnel - - - - - - - - No ongoing cost. Completed.
$11.0 $11.0 $11.0 $11.0 $11.0 $11.0 $66
$3.0 $3.0 $3.0 $3.0 $3.0 $3.0 $18
Transportation Management Centers - - - - - - - - No ongoing cost. Completed.
$2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $2.0 $12
$1.0 $1.0 $1.0 $1.0 $1.0 $1.0 $6
Commercial Vehicles - - - - - - - - Intergrated into DOT Operations
$5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $30
$1 $1 $1 $1 $1 $1 $6
$5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $5 $30
$1 $1 $1 $1 $1 $1 $6
- - - - - - -
Note: Cyber enhancements funding cost for State DOT Central Operations and Facilities are not included in this needs assessment report.
Enhancment of
Traffic
Management
Capabilities
Improvement of
State DOT All-
Hazards Resilience $5 $5 $5
Planning, Infrastructure
Assessessments and Training
Planning, Training, Communications
Program
Six Year
Capital Costs
(in Millions)
Bridge Reconstruction/New
- - - - - - -
Capital Costs (in Millions)
Operating Costs (in Millions)Program Elements
Protection of
Critical Mobility
Assets
(State DOT Cyber Security Systems
excluded from this assessment)$5 $30$5
Six Year
Operating Costs
(in Millions)
Comments
Mostly integrated into operations
of State DOTs
Existing Bridge Retrofit
(TMC Cybersecurity) =>
Detection, Surveillance, Message
Signing and Dynamic Routing
(Tunnel Cybersecurity) =>
1/2 of 1% of Bridge Construction
Cost (FHWA Verification)
- No ongoing cost. Completed.
(Cyber Security Systems are State
Emergency Management Agency)
Improvement of
State DOT
Emergency
Response
$5
9
Table 2: Annual and Six Year Total Costs Research Summary for Modal Transportation Security
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Aeronotics
Aeronotics Security ImprovementsTBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Aeronotics CybersecurityTBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Maritime
Maritime Security ImprovementsTBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Maritime CybersecurityTBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Program
TBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Transit CybersecurityTBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Transit
Transit Security Improvements
Program Elements
Capital Costs (in Millions)
[Operating Costs] (in Millions)Six Year
Capital Costs
(in Millions)
TBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
TBD - Further Discussions and
Investigation Required
Freight Rail
Freight Rail Security Improvements
Freight Rail Cybersecurity
Six Year
Operating Costs
(in Millions)
Comments
10
ALL HAZARDS
IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN
INTERIM DRAFT
6/23/2014
11
Changes Impacting SCOTSEM NATIONAL
• PPD-8 - National Preparedness
• PPD 21 – Critical Infrastructure Security & Resilience
• NIPP 2013 – Elevates Security & Resilience as new focus of CI Planning Efforts
• EO 13636 – Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity
• National Planning Frameworks—Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, Recovery
STATE • Most recent major events have been weather emergencies not security related
• Major reorganization initiatives consolidating S&EM activities and staff
• Major improvements in collaborations and technology deployment
• Continued loss of dedicated resources (staff, $$, training, travel, etc.)
AASHTO/TRB • End of 20-59 Program
• SHRP 2 Being Deployed
• New AASHTO Strategic Plan
• New NOCoE agreement – FHWA-AASHTO –ITE-ITSA
• Major Focus on Operations
Moving Forward: Strategic Plan
Renewed emphasis on keeping system users safe and protecting
transportation investments in an all-hazards, all-mode context.
• Focuses on getting research implemented “on the ground” through
education and outreach
• Creates new subcommittee structure – Infrastructure Protection and
Emergency Management
• Highlights importance of partnering with other AASHTO groups that form
the nucleus of the TSM&O community - SCOH T1, TSM&O
• Strengthens partnership with TRB ABE40 committee for research
FUNDAMENTALS FOR
STATE DOTS Effective All-Hazards Resilience and Security Management
INTERIM DRAFT
6/23/2014
• Fundamental responsibilities of state DOTs for all hazards
resilience and security management.
• Technical capabilities required of a state DOT to meet its
fundamental responsibilities for all hazards infrastructure
protection, resilience and security.
• Future issues to be addressed.
15
Objectives
Changes Since 2007 Fundamentals
Research and Guidance
• Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies (2009)
• Guide to Emergency Response Planning at State DOTs (2010)
• Blast Resistant Highway Bridges: Design and Detailing Guidelines (2010)
• Costing Asset Protection: An All Hazards Guide for Transportation Agencies (CAPTA) (2009)
• Other recent transportation security & operations research
Federal Initiatives
• Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (2011)
• Presidential Policy Directive-21: Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience (2013)
• 2013 National Infrastructure Protection Plan: Partnering for Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience
• Executive Order 13636: Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity (2013)
16
Incorporating
Security into
Planning
Risk-based designs
Redundant components
Support response
Facilitate recovery
Consider applicable
standards and best
practices for
incorporating
resilience into design.
17
Source: US DOT FWHA/FTA
http://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/Integrating_Security_into_Project_Planning.pdf
Discussion
• What should the relationship of
T-1 be with SCOTSEM?
• How does T-1 define Security?
• Fundamentals Updates
• Incorporating response during
planning and design
• Updates to:
• Blast Resistant Highway Bridges:
Design and Detailing Guidelines
(2010)
• Recommendations for Bridge and
Tunnel Security (2003)
18
CONTACT
INFORMATION
Meghann Valeo, P.E.
E-mail: mvaleo@mmvconsult.com
Cell : 609-731-9699
19
Table X: National Highway -Related Security Cost Structure Definitions
Program Assets Coverage Capital Costs Operations &
Maintenance Costs Dual Use Comments
Improvement of
State DOT All-
Hazards
Resilience
Improvement of
State DOT
Emergency
Response
Protection of
Critical Mobility
Assets
Enhancement of
Traffic
Management
Capabilites
Facilites that directly relate to
highways. Does not include
State DOT or Maintenaince
facilities
• Systems Maintenance
• Non-structural
countermeasures
• Limited structural
mitigation
• Critical facilities
with national
economic, defense &
emergency route
importance
• Critical bridges
• Critical tunnels
• Transportation
Management Centers
(TMCs)
• Commercial Vehicle
Terminals
All-Hazards Resilience
including security training and
planning included
-
• State DOT
Capabilities and
Systems
• State DOT
Capabilities and
Systems
• Major metropolitan
and inter-urban
freeway & arterial
networks
• System Maintenance • Urban Mobility
• Communication
system upgrades
• Staffing
• Planning
• Training
• Exercising
• Security upport System
Does not include Sate
Emergency Management Cost
or Operations
• Surveillance &
detection systems
• Traveler information
systems
• Top 102 Metro
Areas
• All State DOTs
• All State DOTs
• Safety
• Urban Mobility
• Incident and emergency
management
• Includes Training and
Assessments for
transporation security
facilites building all-
hazards resilience
capability in a State
• Assessments
• Planning
• Training
20
Fundamental DOT Responsibilities
• Prevent incidents within DOT
control and responsibility.
• Protect transportation users,
agency personnel, and critical
infrastructure.
• Reduce all hazards vulnerability
through risk assessment and
management.
• Support regional, state, and
local emergency responders
with resources .
• Recover swiftly from incidents.
• Evaluate response(s) and
continually improve plans,
training, skills, and protocols.
23
Reflect National Preparedness goals and frameworks.
Embrace security and resilience for critical infrastructure.
Integrate cyber, physical, and human elements in managing risk.
Fundamental DOT Capabilities Prevention Protection Mitigation Response Recovery
Planning
Public Information and Warning
Operational Coordination
Intelligence &
Information Sharing
Access Control Long-Term
Vulnerability
Reduction
Critical
Transportation
Infrastructure
Systems
Screening, Search,
& Detection
Physical Protective
Measures
Risk & Disaster
Resilience
Assessment
Operational
Communications
Risk Management Threat & Hazard
Identification
Situational
Assessment
Supply Chain
Integrity & Security
Cybersecurity
Training and Exercises
Prevention: Capabilities necessary to avoid, prevent, or stop a threatened or actual act of terrorism.
Protection: Capabilities necessary to secure against acts of terrorism and manmade or natural disasters.
Mitigation: Capabilities necessary to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters.
Response: Capabilities necessary to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human
needs after an incident has occurred.
Recovery: Capabilities necessary to assist communities affected by an incident to recover effectively.
24
Fundamentals: Planning
• Integrate security into planning.
• Ensure consistency with national planning programs.
• Coordinate with regional partner plans and processes.
25
• Types of Plans
Conduct a systematic process engaging the whole community, as appropriate,
in the development of executable strategic, operational, and/or community-
based approaches to meet defined objectives, and are implementable within
the time frame contemplated in the plan using available resources.
Expand the planning advisory team to include law enforcement,
fire, emergency medical services, and emergency management.
Involve these agencies from beginning and keep them involved.
Fundamentals: Mitigation
• Conduct vulnerability
assessments to identify known
and future risks
• Identify key dependencies and
interdependencies, including
mapping potential cascading
effects from potential
infrastructure disruptions.
• Collaborate with regional
partners and stakeholders.
• Consider applicable standards
and best practices for
mitigation plans and for
incorporating resilience into
asset and system design.
• Determine whether physical or
environmental buffers can be
incorporated into the
infrastructure design to mitigate
the effects of natural disasters.
26
What can be done to reduce risks and mitigate consequences?
Fundamentals: Response Provide transportation (including infrastructure access and accessible
transportation services) for response priority objectives, including the
evacuation of people and animals, and the delivery of vital response personnel,
equipment, and services to the affected areas.
• Develop skilled DOT rapid
response teams equipped to
handle tunnel emergencies or
bridge failures.
• Develop Memorandum of
Understanding with other Local
and State Agencies.
• Ensure agency formalizes its
approach to evacuation
management, including plans,
policies, and procedures for
evacuations with/without
notice.
27
What can be done to facilitate response? E.g. Providing easier access for local emergency responders.
E.g. Incorporating standpipes on bridges to facilitate firefighting.
What potentially interferes with capability to respond?
Fundamentals: Recovery Provide transportation (including infrastructure access and accessible transportation
services) for response priority objectives, including the evacuation of people and animals,
and the delivery of vital response personnel, equipment, and services to the affected
areas.
• Develop COOP to ensure rapid
recovery from incidents/events.
• Establish trained skilled teams
for rapid clean up, repair, and
inspection of an incident area
or event.
• Conduct damage assessments,
debris removal, hazardous
materials disposal, and repair
to restore essential services to
the affected area.
• Develop an approach to
infrastructure repair and/or
replacement and
decontamination.
• Identify lessons learned
through After-Action Review .
• Incorporate recommendations
into existing plans and
procedures.
28
What can we do to expedite the recovery process?
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