natural hazard monitoringwebarchiv.ethz.ch/geometh-data/student/eg1/2007/05... · fissure water...

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Natural Hazard MonitoringNatural Hazard Monitoring

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

MonitoringMonitoring and and RiskRisk ManagementManagement

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Monitoring is a Monitoring is a PartPart of of RiskmanagmentRiskmanagment

Monitoring Tasks are subcontracting TasksMonitoring Tasks are subcontracting Tasks

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Classification of ObjectsClassification of Objects

● Natural Hazards- Landslides

- Rock falls

- Glaciers

- Tectonics (Earthquakes)

- Volcanoes

- ……..

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

LandslidesLandslides

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

AktivitiesAktivities of geomETH (1994of geomETH (1994--2007)2007)

Objekt Period GPS Total Station Distance

Laser-scanning

Hydro-static

Geom/Triglevelling

Extenso-meter

96-

95-97

97-07

98-

93-

06

99

96-99

98-99

92-03

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Georadar

Brattas /St. Moritz x x

Thusis/ Scharanz/ Heinzenberg

x x

Cuolm da Vi x x

Nalps/Cunera/St. Maria/Val Termine

x (p) x (p)

AlpTransit(Gotthard/Ceneri)

x x

La Frasse X (p)

Albinen x x

Basel X (p)

Chapf x x (X) x

Saas Tal x x

(p)=permanent

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Examples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ GlaciersExamples Land Slides / Rock Falls/ Glaciers

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

LandslidesLandslides

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

““GleitbachGleitbach”” SchSchäänisnis St. St. GallenGallen

Hangrutsch Schänis

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

BrattasBrattas St. MoritzSt. Moritz

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

BrattasBrattas/ St. Moritz/ St. Moritz

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Visualisation of the Results of the Visualisation of the Results of the BrattasBrattas LandslideLandslide

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslides: Landslides: La La FrasseFrasse (VD)(VD) FalliFalli HHööllilli (FR) (FR)

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide: Albinen, WallisLandslide: Albinen, Wallis

Albinen

Tschäss

Ausschnitt aus der Landeskarte 1:50'000 Blatt 273

0 0.5 1 km

N

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide Le Landslide Le PresePrese

The landslide was preceded by heavy rainfall.

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

GurtnellenGurtnellen ((ReussReuss))

Before the heavy rainfall After the rainfall

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

KinematicKinematic and Terminology of Landslidesand Terminology of Landslides

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. IngensandCruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide Geologic Definitions (Landslide Geologic Definitions (LutzenbergLutzenberg St. St. GallenGallen, 2004), 2004)

S.Löw 2006House destroyed

Transit area

Sliding Surface

Rupture area

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Sliding MechanismsSliding Mechanisms

Cruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide Models in Landslide Models in GeologyGeology

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

● Weathering● Natural sheet of drift● Rain fall● Temperature changes● Physical or chemical processes● Water pressure● Groundwater table● Road and rail traffic● Own weight● Wind● Release● Load● etc.

InfluencesInfluences

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

MultiMulti--InfluencesInfluences

Meteo Geo

Funktion/

EnvironmentTraffic

Object

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Permanent Permanent motionmotion--inducinginducing factorsfactors

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

EpisodicEpisodic FactorsFactors at Landslidesat Landslides

Factor Cause(natural)

Cause(human induced)

Result

Change of the mountain water content

irregular rainfallFrost plugFrost expansionBackwaterIce and snow melting

Defect waterpipesLeaking sewersDestroyed drainageAufstau

Change of the consistencyPlastification of fissure fillingFissure water pressurebuoyancy weatheringHydrolyse

Vibrations Earth quakes BlastingRamming and boring activitiesOngoing Traffic

Pore water pessureThixotropyChange of tensionscarification

Cange of the load irregular rainfallMelting water, meltuingpermafrostFrost plug

BuildingsDumps, tips

Change of tension

Change of the figure undercutting Slope sections and slope intersections

Change of tension

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

BewegunsfBewegunsföördernderdernde FaktorenFaktoren

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide induced by a leaking sewerLandslide induced by a leaking sewer

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Das LASDas LAS

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

GeometryGeometry of Landslidesof Landslides

Translations

and Rotations

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Problems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored PointsProblems of the interpretation of Movements of Monitored Points

● Inclination of Pillars● Surface Kinematic● Plastification Shift +

Rotation

Layers

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Landslide Landslide MonitoringMonitoring InstrumentsInstruments

((CombinationCombination of of GeodeticGeodetic and and GeotechnicGeotechnic Instruments and Instruments and MethodsMethods))

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in Automatic Monitoring of an unstable Slope in LauterbrunnenLauterbrunnen Valley (Valley (SolexpertsSolexperts))

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

RockfallsRockfalls

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Heavy Heavy RockfallsRockfalls in Switzerlandin Switzerland

● Flims 5000 B.C.● Art Goldau ca. 1800● Randa 1991● Axenstrasse 1995● Innertkirchen 2001● Gurtnellen 2006

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Cruden&Varnes 1996

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Montreux (1988)Montreux (1988)

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Scanning: Rockfall ScharansScanning: Rockfall Scharans

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Rock Fall Rock Fall ChapfChapf, , InnertkirchenInnertkirchen BEBE

Grimselstrasse 2000

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

ChapfChapf

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Situation of the Situation of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

● Automatic measuring station at the opposite slope

● Distributed prisms at the object

● Extensometer

● Alarm device, coupled with traffic lights at the Grimselpass Road

● Removal of the road behind a security dam

● Evaluation of a hydrostatic measuring system for the control of the front rock edge

● Georadar measuring for analysis of the underground course of gaps

● Danger was reduced by specific blasting of the object in 2001.

Metrology of the Metrology of the ChapfChapf Rock FallRock Fall

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Sensors of Rockfalls Sensors of Rockfalls

Extensometer

Inklinometer

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

ETH Monitoring ConceptETH Monitoring Concept

vertical Translations

Rotations

L1Referenz

L4

L3

L2

0CDatalogger

Vectors

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

CuolmCuolm da da VVìì / / SedrunSedrun

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

● Gaps: Several meters wide and deep, 30 m and longer

● ETH 1981 / 1983: Photogrammetric documentation, tacheometric monitoring network over a wide area, gap network with mekometer, expected deformations in the mm-range

● ETH 1987: Sequence measuring with mekometer → deformation in the dm-range!

● ETH 1997: Conversion to GPS Observation of all points

● ETH 1999/2005/2007: Sequence measurement with GPS

● 1989 to date: Several further measuring with GPS and Photogrammetry

● Since approx. 1999: Daily measurements of a distance form the valley to the sliding area

CuolmCuolm da da VVìì

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Cuolm da Vì

Displacement: Different Displacement: Different VisualisationVisualisation

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

RandaRanda before 18 April 1991before 18 April 1991

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

RandaRanda after 19 May 1991after 19 May 1991

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

RockfallRockfall RandaRanda 19911991

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Rock Fall Monitoring using Rock Fall Monitoring using RadarinterferometryRadarinterferometry

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn N2N2

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Glacier WeisshornGlacier Weisshorn

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

ROBOVec

Multisensor based Monitoring System for Disaster Prevention

WUHAN UNIVERSITY

MUMOSY

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Is a forecast of an event possible?Is a forecast of an event possible?

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Monitoring Software Leica Monitoring Software Leica GeoMoSGeoMoS

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Rockfall Rockfall LopperLopper--HaslihornHaslihorn

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

Geomonitor Geomonitor withwith DigitalDigital--levelslevels

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

RockfallRockfall MonitoringMonitoring

S.Löw 2006

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

● TU Dresden: Skript Bauwerksüberwachungsmessung:http://wwwgi.geo.tu-dresden.de/ig/formulare/vl_bw.pdf

● Handbuch Ingenieurgeodäsie: Auswertung geodätischer Überwachungsmessungen, Wichmann Verlag, ISBN 3-87907-295-7

● Swiss Re: The Force of Water, Herbert Tiedemann, 1988

LiteratureLiterature

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ETH Zürich

Geodetic Metrology and Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand

EndEnd