naming saturated hydrocarbons aliphatic alkanes. some simple alkanes (c n h 2n+2 ) 2-methylpropane

Naming Saturated Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

AliphaticAliphatic

AlkanesAlkanes

Some Simple Alkanes Some Simple Alkanes

(C(CnnHH2n+22n+2))

2-methylpropane

The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Methodbegins with begins with

Questions about the World Questions about the World Around You.Around You.

Ever Wonder Why?...Ever Wonder Why?...

phonetic isn't spelled like it sounds?

The The nn-Alkanes-AlkanesCH4

C2H6

C3H8

C4H10

C5H12

C6H14

C7H16

C8H18

C9H20

C10H22

methane

ethane

propane

butane

pentane

hexane

heptane

octane

nonane

decane

C11H24 undecane

C12H26 dodecane

C13H28 tridecane

C14H30 tetradecane

C15H32 pentadecane

home heating

alcohol production

gas grills

flick your bic

dry cleaners 5-6

gasoline 7-9

kerosene ~ 12

motor oil ~ 16

petroleum jelly ~ 20

tar ~ 25

wax ~ 40

Boiling PointsBoiling Points

Familiar SayingsFamiliar Sayings

The individual of the class aves, arriving before the appointed time, seizes the

invertebrate animal of the group vermes.

The early bird catches the worm!

Materials in Your KitMaterials in Your Kit

Make certain your kit contains the following in the right Make certain your kit contains the following in the right location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned to your lab drawer.to your lab drawer.

10 black spheres -10 black spheres - carbon \ small sidecarbon \ small side 2 blue spheres - 2 blue spheres - nitrogen /nitrogen /28 yellow spheres -28 yellow spheres - hydrogen \hydrogen \6 red spheres - 6 red spheres - oxygen \oxygen \4 green spheres - 4 green spheres - chlorine \ large sidechlorine \ large side2 orange spheres -2 orange spheres - bromine /bromine /

or fluorine /or fluorine / (all colors (all colors 2 purple spheres -2 purple spheres - iodine /iodine / together)together)

Materials in Your KitMaterials in Your Kit

30 small wooden pegs -30 small wooden pegs - H bonds only \H bonds only \10 large wooden pegs - 10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds \ other single bonds \ 9 metal springs -9 metal springs - double or triple bonds / double or triple bonds /

or stress bonds /or stress bonds /

Place all of these materials in the center section of your kit.

GradingGrading

The first student lab team that has the structure correct The first student lab team that has the structure correct will be initialed by me and receive an extra one-half will be initialed by me and receive an extra one-half point. These students will then have their names placed point. These students will then have their names placed on the board and will be teaching assistants for that on the board and will be teaching assistants for that organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and organic structure. They will be responsible to grade and initial the structures of other lab teams. initial the structures of other lab teams. Each structure that is designed and named by you is Each structure that is designed and named by you is worth 0.5 points. worth 0.5 points. It is best if you put your It is best if you put your constructionsconstructions in the in the box lidbox lid to to carry to the instructor or the teaching assistant for that carry to the instructor or the teaching assistant for that structure. The following is the grading criteria:structure. The following is the grading criteria:

GradingGrading

1 point = graded by the instructor and perfect, this 1 point = graded by the instructor and perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade team assists in grading, may have one 1 point grade and assist with only one structure (RWT with a +)and assist with only one structure (RWT with a +)0.5 points 0.5 points = other perfect scores = other perfect scores (RWT or other initials of student assistants) (RWT or other initials of student assistants) 0.5 points0.5 points = + = + 0 points 0 points = wrong pegs were used = wrong pegs were used (RWT or other initials of student assistants)(RWT or other initials of student assistants)0 points 0 points = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong name = 1 mistake in the structure or wrong name

(RWT or other initials of student assistants)(RWT or other initials of student assistants)

Naming Saturated Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

AliphaticAliphatic

Branched AlkanesBranched Alkanes

The IUPAC RulesThe IUPAC Rules1.1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that Find the longest carbon chain and name that

chainchain2.2. Number the chain so the substituent groups Number the chain so the substituent groups

have the lowest total position numbershave the lowest total position numbers3.3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain

a a name and a numbername and a number4.4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabeticallyMultiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically5.5. Multiple groups that are the same: Multiple groups that are the same: didi(2), (2), tritri(3), (3),

tetratetra(4), (4), pentapenta(5), (5), hexahexa((6)6)6.6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo” Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”

groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodogroups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo7.7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers

and lettersand letters

Alkyl GroupsAlkyl Groups

A.P. TEST IN MUSICA.P. TEST IN MUSIC

Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and perform it with flute and drum. You may perform it with flute and drum. You may use the flute that you received in third use the flute that you received in third grade.grade.

Look for Longest Chain with Most Substituents

Number the Longest Chain so the Substituents have the Lowest Numbers

Find The Longest Chain With The Find The Longest Chain With The Greatest Number Of SubstituentsGreatest Number Of Substituents

Examples:

CH3-CH-CH3

| CH3

2-methylpropane

Examples:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-

CH3

| CH3-CH2

CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3

| | CH3 CH3

3-ethylheptane

2,7-dimethylnonane

7th Grade Science 7th Grade Science AnswersAnswers

"Mushrooms always grow in damp places and so they look like umbrellas."

Examples:

CH3--CH--CH2---C---CH--CH2--CH2--CH3

| CH3-CH2

4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane

CH3 CH3 CH3

| | |

Examples:

CH3-----C-----C-----C-----C-----CH3

| | | | CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

| |

CH3 CH3

3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane

CH3 CH3

| | CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

| | | |

Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the Following:Following:

2-methylpentane

3-ethyl-2-methylpentane

All are “pentanes”All are “pentanes”

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

Try Naming this One:

Naming Saturated Naming Saturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

AliphaticAliphatic

Branched AlkanesBranched AlkanesIsomersIsomers

Definition:Definition:

Isomers are organic compounds that have the Isomers are organic compounds that have the same formula but different structure.same formula but different structure.These structures will have completely different These structures will have completely different properties.properties.

Examples of Isomers of Butane:

All Compounds are C4H10

CH3-CH-CH3

|

CH3

2-methylpropaneCH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

1,1-dimethylethane

butane

CH3

|CH3-CH

|

CH3

2-methylpropane

Familiar Sayings

 Compute not your immature gallinaceans prior to their being produced.

Don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched!!

Examples of Isomers of Pentane:

All Compounds are C5H12

CH3-CH-CH2-CH3

| CH3

2-methylbutaneCH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

2,2-dimethylpropane

pentane

CH3

|CH3-C-CH3

|

CH3

What about 3-methylbutane?

Bill Gates' RulesHere is a list of 11 things that many high school and college graduates did not learn in school. In

his book, Bill Gates talks about how feel-good, politically-correct teachings created a full

generation of kids with no concept of reality and how this concept has set them up for failure in the

real world.

RULE 11

Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.

Naming Unsaturated Naming Unsaturated HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

AliphaticAliphatic

AlkenesAlkenes

Classification of H’s & C’sClassification of H’s & C’s

Bonus Problem:

Another Tough One: