n6 motivation (communication) fet colleges, south africa
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MOTIVATIONChapter 6, p136-151
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6.1 DEFINITION, p.136The term “motivation” refers to that group of factors which determines and directs an organism’s behaviour.
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6.2 Degree of Motivation, p.136
Degree of motivation (how much you are motivated) depends on:1. Strength of the internal motive / need2. Individual’s ability to focus (on a goal) and
maintain action (towards achieving the goal)
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6.2.1 Strength of internal motive/need Maslow: highest is the need for self-actualisation
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6.2.2 Ability to focus p.139
The need or drive level (inner need or drive)
The incentive value of the goal (eg. promotion)
Individual’s expectations (do you believe?)
Individual’s potential (hidden talents)
Conflicting or contradictory motives (good at two or more things)
Unconscious factors (if you “eat for the sake of eating”)
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6.3 Nature of motives p.140What are the qualities of the reasons or motives for human behaviour.• Motives are difficult to identify• Motives could be conscious, preconscious or
subconscious• Motives prompt the individual to action (what
are their needs and drives)• Needs• Drives (state of arousal)• A goal activity (aim to satisfy need
– like eating)• A goal-directed activity
(for example preparing for food)
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6.4 Factors which influence motivation in the workplace1. Policy2. Supervision3. Remuneration4. The working environment5. The role of the executive secretary
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6.4.1 Policy p. 141 A policy reflecting no trust or confidence
in employees A policy of condescending confidence
and trust in employees A policy of substantial but not complete
trust in employees A policy of complete trust and
confidence in employees
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6.4.2 Supervision p.142The function of leading, directing and coordinating the work of others to accomplish set objectives. Scheduling, regulating, monitoring tasks Set goals
Clearly define goals Set realist and attainable goals
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6.4.2.1 p.143Herzberg’s two-factor theory
Hygienic (maintenance factors) Salaries Fringe benefits Physical working
cond. Personal life Job status Eating facilities Job rights etc
Motivating factorsCorresponds with Maslow’s higher levels Need for personal
growth Responsibility Progress Achievement Recognition etc.
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6.4.3 Remuneration p.144
Payoff: wages and salary must be sufficient to satisfy basic needs and those of his family
As a reward: symbolic value of money. Home loans, company shares, car
allowances are all perks companies offer Opportunities to travel and study Praise or public recognition – special
award and tributes in house journal. These rewards satisfy higher level needs
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6.4.4 Working environment p.145
It must by physically acceptable It must be safe It should enable employees to satisfy
their social needs
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6.5 Role of the executive secretary p.145
Formal level Distribute work Allocate special
assignments to people who can cope
Check or monitor work Regular feedback Use staff association
to draw attention to important matters
Informal level Become aware of
problems during informal discussions
Act as intermediary and alert management of problems
Suggest ideas to solve problems
Feedback to management
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6.5.1 Satisfaction of needs A greater sense of physiological well-being
(healthier and safe working environment) A greater sense of psychological well-being
(smoother interpersonal relations, upward mobility, achievement, status, self-realisation)
Increased productivity and greater profits follow for the organisation
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6.5.2 Blockage of needs Rational coping behaviour
Compensation (alternate goal-setting) Rationalisation (suppressing unconsciously)
Irrational coping behaviour Frustration (do you have a low tolerance?) Aggression (destructive behaviour) Regression (apathy – process of retreating
or reverting – opposite of progress)
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Assignment 11. Define motivation (3)2. Explain the difference between conscious and
sub-conscious motives. (4)3. A policy is a statement of intention committing
management to a general course of action, which has profound effects on motivation of employees. Name the type of policy applied in the following statements:
1. MTN management introduced a plan which makes staff to relocate, opt for a package or take voluntary retirement. (1)
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Assignment 1 – page 22. Vodacom has given mentors full responsibility
of managing the programme. (1)3. Cell C encourages its staff to actively
participate in decision making. (1)4. The CEO of MTN released a memo instructing
staff without providing them with reasons. (1)5. The management of Vodacom remains in
control and reserves the right to veto any suggestions. (1)
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Assignment 1 – page 34. Explain how Vodacom applies Herzberg’s two-
factor theory to its employees. (4)5. Graphically represent Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs. (6)6. Motives prompts an individual into action
towards achieving a goal. State whether the following statements are goal-activities or goal-directed activities.
The principle of no work, no pay will apply and any misconduct will be dealt accordingly. (1)
Lotus FM employees demonstrated in Durban yesterday against the SABC. (1)
We will not stop until we get what we want, even if we have to continue for five years. (1)
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Assignment 1 – page 47. It is important that a supervisor should ensure
that his/her staff members are motivated. Advise how one can go about satisfying the needs of staff. (4)
8. How would an executive secretary be able to motivate employees on a formal level. (5)
9. Define the term compensation (2)10. Motivation influences communication in the
workplace. Mention any THREE results of satisfied employees. (3)
11. State the THREE factors which influence motivation in the workplace. (3)
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Assignment 1 – page 512. State which Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is
satisfied by the following statements: Five years after venturing into mining, Annie
Thembu has fallen deeply in love with the industry that almost marginalised women.
Ms. Thembu and her partner spotted a more lucrative opportunity, that of supplying the mines with pipes.
Ms. Thembu and her partner worked hard to build a relationship of trust between themselves and the mine.
She had to start fresh and convince the mines that she would be able to run the project on her own.
Thousands of jobs were lost because of the economy
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