molecular tools: engineering applications. environmental engineering: state of the art “sanitary...
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Environmental Environmental Engineering: State of the Engineering: State of the ArtArt ““Sanitary Engineering”Sanitary Engineering” ““Environmental Engineering”Environmental Engineering”
– Biological Processes:Biological Processes: WastewaterWastewater
– BOD removalBOD removal– Nutrient RemovalNutrient Removal
BioremediationBioremediation– Primary Substrate Degradation: ex: oil spillsPrimary Substrate Degradation: ex: oil spills– Co-metabolism: ex: chlorinated solventsCo-metabolism: ex: chlorinated solvents– Contaminant immobilization: ex: Heavy Contaminant immobilization: ex: Heavy
MetalsMetals
Other Engineering Other Engineering Fields:Fields: Biomedical Engineering: Biomedical Engineering:
– Targeted Drug DeliveryTargeted Drug Delivery– Gene TherapyGene Therapy
Chemical Engineering:Chemical Engineering:– Metabolic EngineeringMetabolic Engineering
Example: Heavy Metal Example: Heavy Metal RemediationRemediation
Tailings Dam
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/research/ggr/PermeableReactiveBarriers/PRBforAMD/PRBforAMD.html
Ecology of Sulfate-Ecology of Sulfate-Reducing CommunitiesReducing Communities
Polymers
Oligomers
Monomers
Organic Acids
Acetate
CO2
H2
Alcohols
CO2
SulfateReduction
Methanogenesis
CO2
SO42-
H2S
MeS(s)
Me2+
CH4 + CO2
EnzymaticHydrolysis
Fermentation
Hydrolytic processes Fermentative processes Methanogenic processes Sulfate-reduction processes
DGGE of PRBDGGE of PRB
PM - standard
DM - inocula from
dairy manure
WL - inocula from
wetland
#1 - initial mixture
C5 - column 5
C6 - column 6
C17 - mixture of
column 1 and 7
C34 - mixture of
column 3 and 4
PMa
DMa
DMb
WLa
WLb
#1a
#1b C5 C6
C17a
C17b
C34a
C34b
PMb
Real-Time PCRReal-Time PCR
Wetlands
Nor
mal
ized
DN
A C
once
ntra
tion
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
Initial Mixture
Column5
Column6
Column1,7
Column3,4
Desulfotomaculum Real-Time PCR: Eubacteria Normalized
Experimental Design:Experimental Design:
MTBE only
BTEX only
TBA W/
BTEX
TBAonly
MTBE W/
BTEX
Sterile control with
all 6 compounds
pH buffered sterilized nutrient solution
a well-characterized mixed culture
Concentration 50 mg/L
DGGE ProfilesDGGE ProfilesMTBE Only TBA only
Start Mid. End Start Mid. End
STD
Known MTBE degrader Hydrogenophaga
Known MTBE degrader “PM1-like”
Real Time PCR of Real Time PCR of MTBE-DegradersMTBE-Degraders
Eubacteria
Time, days
0 10 20 30 40
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n, (
ug
/uL
)
0
10
20
30
40MTBE onlyMTBE w/ BTEXTBA onlyTBA w/ BTEXBTEX only
"PM1 like"
Time, days
0 10 20 30 40
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n, (
ug
/uL
)
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04MTBE onlyMTBE w/ BTEXTBA onlyTBA w/ BTEXBTEX only
Example: Fate of Example: Fate of Antibiotic GenesAntibiotic Genes >50% Antibiotics used in U.S. -> >50% Antibiotics used in U.S. ->
LivestockLivestock Antibiotics demonstrated to be in Antibiotics demonstrated to be in
Poudre River (Yang and Carlson)Poudre River (Yang and Carlson) Effect on Microbial Communities?Effect on Microbial Communities? Antibiotic Resistance Genes?Antibiotic Resistance Genes?
Other Areas:Other Areas:
Drinking Water PathogensDrinking Water Pathogens Activated Sludge UpsetActivated Sludge Upset Biological Phosphorus RemovalBiological Phosphorus Removal Assessment Tools in Assessment Tools in
BioremediationBioremediation
People, Names, Places:People, Names, Places:
Bruce Rittmann, Northwestern U., Bruce Rittmann, Northwestern U., Lutgarde Raskin, UI-UC, Nancy Love, Lutgarde Raskin, UI-UC, Nancy Love, Virginia Tech, Dan Oerther, U. Virginia Tech, Dan Oerther, U. Cincinnati, Dan Noguera, UNC, Francis Cincinnati, Dan Noguera, UNC, Francis de los Reyes, U Wisconsin- Madison, de los Reyes, U Wisconsin- Madison, Pedro Alvarez, U. IowaPedro Alvarez, U. Iowa
Carl Woese- UI-UC, Rudolf Aaman- Max Carl Woese- UI-UC, Rudolf Aaman- Max Planck Institute, Germany, Norm Pace- Planck Institute, Germany, Norm Pace- Boulder, David Stahl-, James Tiedje- Boulder, David Stahl-, James Tiedje- Mich. StateMich. State
Today’s Topics:Today’s Topics:
TCE-degrading CommunitiesTCE-degrading Communities Wastewater MicrobesWastewater Microbes Phosphate RemovalPhosphate Removal Food (beer) microbiologyFood (beer) microbiology
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