modis/viirs snow and ice · npp_viae_l1.a2016024.1810.p1_03110.*.hdf bands i1,i2, i3, showing snow...

MODIS/VIIRSSnowandIce

GeorgeRiggsNASA/GSFCCode615/SSAI

MarkTschudiUniversityofColorado

MiguelRomanNASA/GSFCCode619

DorothyK.HallUnderContracttotheTerrestrialInformaLon

SystemsLaboratory,Code619

MODISC6SnowAlgorithmDetec6onofsnowcoverextentforhydrologicandclimatologyapplica6onsorresearchSnowcoverdetec6onusestheNormalizedDifferenceSnowIndex(NDSI)techniqueSnowcoveralwayshasNDSI>0.0AsurfacewithNDSI>0.0isnotalwayssnowcoverDatascreensareappliedtoalleviatesnowcommissionerrorsandflaguncertainsnowcoverdetec6onsFrac6onalsnowcover(FSC)isnotcalculatedinC6

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman

2

MODISC6SnowAlgorithmNDSIsnowdetec6onappliedtoalllandandinlandwaterpixels.MOD02HKMTOAreflectanceinput.MODISland/watermaskused.CloudsmaskedwithMODIScloudmaskproductMOD35_L2.Datascreensappliedtoalleviatesnowcommissionerrorsandflaguncertainsnowcoverdetec6onsitua6ons.• Inlandwaterflag• Lowvisiblereflectancescreen• LowNDSIscreen• Surfacetemperatureandheightscreen/flag• HighSWIRscreen/flag• Solarzenithflag• QAbitflagsaresetforsnowcoverdetec6onsthatarechangedtonosnowandaresetforhigheruncertaintyinsnowcoverdetec6on,andforhighsolarzenithangles.TheNDSIvaluesareoutputforalllandandinlandwaterpixels--cloudmaskisnotapplied.

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 3

MODISC5toC6SnowProductsDataContentComparison

MOD10_L2SDSs

C5 C6Snow_Cover,binarysnowcover,withmaskedfeatures

Frac6onal_Snow_Cover,0-100%withmaskedfeatures

NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.

Snow_Cover_Pixel_QA,basicqualityvalue

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue

NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath

La6tude(5kmresolu6on) La6tude(5kmresolu6on)

Longitude(5kmresolu6on) Longitude(5kmresolu6on)

MOD10A1SDSs

C5 C6Snow_Cover,binarysnowcover,withmaskedfeatures

Frac6onal_Snow_Cover,0-100%withmaskedfeatures

NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.

Snow_Cover_Pixel_QA,basicqualityvalue

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue

NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath

Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile Snow_Albedo_Daily_Tile

orbit_pnt(pointer)

granule_pnt(pointer)

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 4

Spring–summermountainsnowcoveromissionerrorprevalentinC5iscorrectedinC6

C5 C6

MOD10_L2.A2010170.1900(19June)SierraNevadaregion.C6hasgreatlyimprovedaccuracycomparedtoC5.C6snowcoverextentis~2303km2greaterthaninC5whichis~74%improvement.ThesurfacetemperaturescreenisnotappliedonmountainsinC6.

1-20%21-40%41-50%51-60%61-70%71-80%81-90%91-100%

FRACTIONALSNOWCOVER

CloudNight

0%

Nodata

20

405060708090100

NDSISNOWCOVER

CloudWater

30

0

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 5

MOD02HKM.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfRGBofbands1,4,6

MOD10_L2.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfNDSI_Snow_Cover

MOD10_L2.A2003003.0440.006.*.hdfMaskofbit3oftheQAalgorithmflags

Thecombinedsurfacetemperatureandheightscreeneffec6velyblockserroneoussnowcoverdetec6onsatloweleva6onsthatmaynotbeblockedbyotherdatascreens,doesnotaffecthigheleva6onsnowcoverdetec6on.Wherethatscreenblockssnowcommissionerrorshowninredonrightimage.Himalayasinnorthhalfofswath,IndiaandBayofBengaltothesouth.

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 6

Loweleva6on&surfacetemperaturescreenon–notsnow

InC6theQIRtechniqueisusedtorestoreAquaMODISband6dataforuseinthesnowalgorithmMoreaccuratemappingofsnowcoverinC6comparedtoC5notablyindifficulttodetectsitua6onsalongsnowextentboundaryasflaggedbythealgorithmQAbitflags.

MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.005fracLonalsnowcover–band7

MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.006NDSI_Snow_Cover

MYD10A1.A2016024.h11v05.006AlgorithmQAbitflagsforchangedsnowdetecLonoruncertainsnowdetecLonTypicallyalongboundaryofsnowcover.

MOD09GA.A2016024.h11v05.006RGBbands1,4,6

AquaMYD10usesQIRofBand6

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 7

MOD10A1.A2016112.h09v05.006

20

405060708090100

NDSISNOWCOVER

CloudWater

30

0

1.00.0

NDSIrange

Granule_ptrPointertoinputMOD10_L2,useasindextogetswathstart6mefromlistofproductinputsinthemetadata.

1740UTC

1745UTC

1920UTC

NDSI

TimeofobservaLonincludedinC6M*D10A1products

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 8

NSIDCreleasedC6productsinAprilandMay2016MODISC6userguideisavailableC6dataproductcontentisdifferentfromC5UsersfamiliarwiththeC5binarysnowcoverandFSCdatawillhavetoadjusttousingthenewNDSI_Snow_Coverdata.ProvidinguserswiththeNDSIdataenablesthemtohaveflexibilityinderivingsnowcoverareaSCAmapsfortheirpurposes.UserscanusetheAlgorithm_flags_QAdatatoevaluatethesnowcoverdatafortheirpar6cularresearchorapplica6on.Alsopossibletoadjustsnowcoverextentbycombiningthealgorithmflags,snowcoverandNDSIdata.

MODISC6ProductsReleased

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 9

OurprocessistodevelopandtestthescienceofthealgorithmonourcomputerusingIDLthentocodethescienceintothePGEusingtheLSIPS

compu6ngenvironment.GainaccesstoLSIPScompu6ngenvironment.Developcodei.e.theopera6onalPGEintheLSIPScompu6ngenvironmentfollowingtheguidelinesfromLSIPSandusingtheircodingenvironmentsetup.Ini6alstepwastoadapttheMODISC6algorithmPGE07torunwithVIIRSdatainputs.NextwerevisedthatalgorithmintotheNASAVIIRSsnowcoveralgorithmPGE507.NextwecodedtooutputtheproductinHDF5usingtheLSIPSHDF5libraries.WehavecodedandtestedVNP10_L2algorithmandoutputasLSIPSPGE507.DevelopandtestcodeusinginputdatafromanLSIPSArchiveSet(AS).LSIPSrunsunitandglobaltests

NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverAlgorithmI

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 10

CurrentversionofPGE507runswithLSIPSIDPSversionsofVIIRSdataproducts.

VNP10_L2productisinHDF5WehaveaversionofPGE507thatrunswithLSIPSNASAVNP*L1Binputproducts.CoderevisedtoreadHDF5.WorkingintheLSIPScompu6ngenvironmentallowsfor:Ø efficientdeliveryofalgorithmcodeanddownloadofCMbaselinedcode

Ø comparisonofcodesandtestrunsbetweenthePIcodinginLSIPStounitorglobaltestrunsmadebyLSIPS/LDOPEfocusonscienceanddatacontentconsistenciesandarenotsidetrackedbydifferencesaoributabletodifferentopera6ngsystemsorPGEversionsbetweenthePI’scompu6ngenvironmentandLSIPS.

NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverAlgorithmII

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 11

VNP10_L2productsareinHDF5.RequiredredesignoftheproductsfromMODISheritageHDF4-EOS.Specifica6ons/requirementsfortheproductsareemergingfromseveralsourcesandfordifferingreasons.PIdevelopsthesciencedatacontentfordatasetsandaoributes.WeinteractwithNSIDCfordevelopingdatacontentregardingsnowcoverdatasets,geoloca6ondata,andforaoributes,primarilytosupporttheirdataservicesandtoolsforusers.ConformtoNetCDF4ClimateForecas6ngVersion1.6conven6onsforrelevantmetadata(HDF5aoributes).LSIPS–providesaoributesrelevanttotrackingproduc6on,PGEandCollec6onversions,provenanceofdataproduct,DOIs…DrasofVNP10_L2dataproductuserguidehasbeencompleted.

NASAVIIRSVNP10SnowCoverHDF5ProductDesign

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 12

HDF5“VNP10_L2*.h5"{FILE_CONTENTS{group/group/Geoloca6onDatadataset/Geoloca6onData/La6tudedataset/Geoloca6onData/Longitudegroup/SnowDatadataset/SnowData/Algorithm_bit_flags_QAdataset/SnowData/Basic_QAdataset/SnowData/NDSIdataset/SnowData/NDSI_Snow_Cover}}Alldatasetsincludeaoributes.LSIPSgeneratesfilelevel(global)aoributes.

NASAVIIRSVNP10HDF5ProductDescripLon

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 13

VNP10_L2.A2016024.1810.*.h5

NDSI_Snow_Cover NDSI Algorithm_bit_flags_QA

FalsecolorimageofNPP_VIAE_L1.A2016024.1810.P1_03110.*.hdfbandsI1,I2,I3,showingsnowinhuesofyellow.

NASAVNP10_L2Example

20

405060708090100

NDSISNOWCOVER

CloudWater

30

0

1.00.0

NDSIrange

LowNDSIscreen

InlandwaterUnspecified

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman

14LowVISscreen

MOD10_L2C6 VNP10_L2NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.

NDSI_Snow_Cover,--SnowcovermapbyNDSIin0-100range,withmaskedfeatures.

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Algorithm_Flags_QA–bitflagsfordatascreensappliedinthealgorithm.

NDSISnow_Cover_Basic_QA,basicqualityvalue

NDSI_Snow_Cover_Basic_QA,--basicqualityvalue

NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath

NDSI–NDSIvalueforalllandandinlandwaterpixelsinaswath

La6tude(5kmresolu6on) La6tude(375mresolu6on)

Longitude(5kmresolu6on) Longitude(375mresolu6on)

MODISandVIIRSSnowCoverConLnuity

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 15

MODISandVIIRSSnowCoverConLnuity

Snowcoveralgorithmsareverysimilar:MODISC6andVIIRSVNP10Spa6alresolu6ondifferent:MODIS500m,VIIRS375mDataproductcontentissamebutthefileformatisdifferent:MODISC6SDSsHDF4-EOSandVIIRSVNP10datasets,HDF5Challengesofimprovingaccuracy,primarilyallevia6ngproblemsofcloud/snowconfusionaresimilarinbothMODISandVIIRSassociatedwith:

• Subpixelcloudcontamina6on• Cloudmasksexngofsnow/icebackgroundflag

• Spectraldiscrimina6onofsnowfreesurfacesfromsnowcoveredsurfaces

MODIS/VIIRSScienceTeamMee6ng,6-10June2016G.Riggs,M.Tschudi,D.Hall,M.Roman 16

SUOMI-NPP VIIRS ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE (IST)

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman

17

•  The VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature (IST) product •  provides surface temperatures retrieved at VIIRS moderate resolution

(750m) •  for Arctic and Antarctic sea ice •  for both day and night

•  The baseline split window algorithm, shown below, is a statistical regression method that is based on the AVHRR heritage IST algorithm (Key and Haefliger., 1992)

IST= ao + a1TM15 + a2(TM15-TM16) + a3(TM15-TM16)(sec(z)-1)

TM15 and TM16 : VIIRS TOA TB’s for the VIIRS M15 and M16 bands z: the satellite zenith angle

ao, a1, a2, a3 : regression coefficients.

•  Threshold Measurement Uncertainty = 1K over a measurement range of 213–280 K.

Key, J., and M. Haefliger (1992), Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D5), 5885–5893.

IST NEEDED BY NASA’S OPERATION ICEBRIDGE (OIB)

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 18

•  IST: April 24, 2016 •  Produced by http://landweb.nascom.nasa.gov

(NASA Goddard) •  Utilized by NASA OIB Science Team during OIB

Spring 2016 P-3 deployment •  Needed to assess melt onset in Beaufort Sea

•  Performance of OIB RADARs affected when surface layer begins to melt

•  Will also be compared to OIB onboard IST imagers

NASA VIIRS IST

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman

19

•  Initial code generated from MODIS code by NASA’s Land Science Investigator-led Processing System (LSIPS)

•  Code being updated for VIIRS (calibration coefficients, etc.)

•  New Quality Flags to be added •  Inter-comparison: MODIS, NCEP •  Validation: IceBridge, buoys •  First draft of ATBD delivered Jan. 2016

Left: VIIRS IST (K) from the NASA VIIRS IST product uses new calibration coefficients from J. Key Sept 12, 2014, 21:10 UTC Beaufort Sea, AK

NASA IST VS. IDPS IST

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 20

IST for previous scene: _____ NASA VIIRS IST algorithm with MODIS calibration coefficients - - - - NASA VIIRS algorithm with updated calibration coefficients _ . _ . NOAA IDPS IST -  NASA IST looks comparable to the

IDPS IST

NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 21

•  Sea ice cover can aid in the estimation of sea ice extent using pmw data

•  Sea ice extent = areal coverage of sea ice over the Arctic (km2)

•  Sea ice extent is important for trends in ice extent, sea ice modeling, navigation, operations, …

NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER ALGORITHM

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman

22

•  Utilizes the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI):

NDSI = [VIIRS M4 (0.555µm) – VIIRS M10 (1.61µm)] / [VIIRS M4 + VIIRS M10] •  If NDSI ≥ 0.4 and VIIRS M4 > threshold, then pixel contains snow

covered sea ice •  Relatively thin sea ice (< 10 cm, with no snow cover) which has a lower

albedo may not be detected using the NDSI. Methods to detect thin sea ice are being investigated.

NASA VIIRS SEA ICE COVER TEST RUN

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 23

•  Sea ice extent code using VIIRS channels •  April 7, 2015 •  Beaufort Sea – multiyear ice floes •  Can envision a follow-on sea ice

concentration product

NASA LSIPS ACCESS SUMMARY

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 24

•  Have received / used NASA token •  Have NASA Launchpad access •  Took necessary training •  Have been activated on cluster •  At “press time,” working an access

issue to the LSIPS

THANK YOU

MODIS/VIIRS Science Team Meeting, 6-10 June 2016 G. Riggs, M. Tschudi, D.Hall, M. Roman 25