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Mobile WiMAXMax Riegel, 2006-03-16
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 2
Motivation for WiMAX:Broadband Access to the Internet without wires
Reasons:too complicated
especially for the 55+too expensive
especially for the casual userUsually a wireless access network is more user-friendly and lessexpensive for casual users – like GSM for telephony.
There is business to serve the other 50% of all households with broadband Internet access,… and may extend the market for mobile terminals (Notebooks, PDAs, media-players and others) – the Intel perspective on WiMAX
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2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Online Households in EuropeOnline Broadband Households in EuropeMio
Source: Jupiter research, Nov 2003
The broadband divide:Until 2008 only half of all Internet households will have broadband access.
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 3
Key figures of a wireless DSL system
Bandwidth per user (DL): 1 Mbit/s (like wireline DSL)Maximum number of customers per ‘base-station’:
assuming an aggregate DL capacity of 20 Mbit/s per base-stationa multiplexing factor of 25(statistical multiplexing gain when combining the traffic of several users)• usual figures for wireline DSL: 30 - 150• according to traffic statistics from Korean DSL users:
20 000 DSL customers are producing a peak data rate of 500 Mbit/s
each base-station may serve at least 500 customers(even more when going for the ‘casual-user’)required cell size:
assuming a density of 1200 households/km2 (urban area)15% penetration for wireless DSL
Coverage area per base station: about 1,7 km (diameter)These figures are nicely fitting into available radio technologies
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 4
Wireless IP Access Networks are ‘mobile’
Plain Ethernet-switching in the aggregation network enables terminal mobility within the access network
Changing point-of-attachment basestation without loosing contextEthernet bridging protocol re-establishes the path when terminal is attached at another location in the network
Mobility support may even be offered by a third-party service provider in the Internet
E.g. with Mobile IP running on top of the plain Internet connectionRegardless of the kind of radio interface, wireless IP access networks are able to provide ‘mobile services’
Internet
DSL-Access Router(BRAS)
RADIUSUser Database
EthernetSwitchBase Station
Least-cost fixed/nomadic WiMAX access network
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 5
Wireless DSL deployment evolution
Today’s broadband providers are tied to their wiresserving consumers and enterprises inside their reach
A wireless DSL system allows to extend the DSL business serving customers without appropriate wires, and additionally also...
addressing customers looking for a more easy-to-use solution,providing portable and mobile access
All together may be necessary for a successful business case!
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 6
The evolution of WiMAX
Backhaul feedingPtP links for fixed infrastructureDedicated market w/ limited size
Fixed Wireless AccessWireless local loop, hotspot feedingSuffers from poor CPE handling
Portable/Mobile AccessHandover function enabling data mobility forroad warriors, train feeding and coach feeding
Mobility enables persistent market growth
Nomadic Access (Hotzone)Indoor CPE thanks to better radioCPE may be integrated into terminal
Most promising for mass market
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 7
IEEE 802.16: ‘One standard fits all’
1-5 km
Scalable 1,25 to 20 MHz
PortableMobile (up to 120 km/h)
1x Scalable OFDMAQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Up to 15 Mbps in 5MHz channel bandwidth
Non Line of Sight< 6 GHzJune ’04/Mobility ‘05
Cellular
FixedFixedMobility
Non Line of SightLine of Sight OnlyChannel Conditions
< 11 GHz10 - 66 GHzSpectrumJanuary 2003December 2001Completed
7 to 10 kmMax range 50 km
2-5 kmTypical Cell Radius
Scalable1.5 to 20 MHz
20, 25 and 28 MHz Channel Bandwidths
OFDM 256 sub-carriersQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Single CarrierQPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Modulation
Up to 75 Mbps in 20MHz channel bandwidth
32 – 134 Mbps in 28MHz channel bandwidth
Bit Rate
FWAFeeding
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 8
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
The purpose of WiMAX is to promote deployment of broadband wireless access networks by using a global standard and certifying interoperability of products and technologies.
Support IEEE 802.16 standard Propose and promote access profiles for their IEEE 802.16 standard Certify interoperability levels both in network and the cell Achieve global acceptance Promote use of broadband wireless access overall
WiMAX Forum grew up to more than 350 members by end of 2005Chaired by Intel
WiMAX Board
MarketingMWG
RegulatoryRWG
ServiceProviderSPWG
ApplicationAWG
NetworkNWG
TechnicalTWG
CertificationCWG
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 9
IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access
MAC
PHY
Conformance
Coexistence
SOFDMA
802.16-2004(802.16REVd)
10 ... 66 GHz< 11 GHz
802.16.2-2001Coexistence
802.16-2001TDMA
FDD/TDD
Single Carrier
802.16aSCa
OFDM-256OFDMA-2048
802.16c
SystemProfiles
Conf.-01: PICS ProFo.
802.16eMobility
Enhancem.(12/2005)
(scalability)
NetMan 802.16f: MIB for 802.16-2004 (09/2005)802.16g: Mgmt. Plane Procedures and Services (??/2006)
802.16h: License Exempt
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 10
Voting membership in IEEE802.16
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Airspan
Alcatel
Alvarion
Ericsson
ETRI
Freescale
Fujitsu
Huaw
ei
Intel
LG Lucent
Motorola
Nokia
Nortel
Posdata
Qualcom
m
Redline
Runcom
Samsung
Siemens
Wavesat
Wi-LA
N
ZTENov '03Mar '04Jul '04Nov '04Mar '05Jul '05
‘Mobile WiMAX’ Network
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 12
The roots of the ‘Mobile WiMAX’ NetworkE2EARCH WG (MINA)
Founded by Intel in June 2004 for development of an end-to-end industry specification for WiMAX portable and mobile wireless broadband systems
Address interfaces, RAN infrastructure elements and interworking -beyond the scope of 802.16Provide foundation for subsequent system level interoperability specs driven through WiMAX Forum
Invited companies: Alvarion, Arraycomm, Alcatel, Cisco, Intel, Motorola, (Nortel, left in September ‘04) Samsung, Siemens, ZTEProcess aligned to 3GPP/3GPP2 with Stage 1 (Requirements), Stage 2 (Architecture) and Stage 3 (Protocols)Fast progress and demand for more interaction with Service Provider WG led to transition into WiMAX NWG in January ’05Extremely tight schedule for NWG:
Stage 2 (Architecture): E11/05Stage 3 (Protocols): E07/06
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 13
Relation IEEE802.16 vs. WiMAX NWG
IEEE802.16-2004 & 802.16e define only data and control planeManagement plane functions are added by 802.16f & g (NETMAN)IEEE P802.16 does not deal with functions usually provided by the RAN
The standardization of these missing parts of a portable/mobile WiMAX access network is the scope of the WiMAX NWG.
CS SAPService Specific
Convergence Sublayer(CS)
MAC SAPMAC Common Part
Sublayer(MAC CPS)
Privacy Sublayer
Physical Layer(PHY)
PHY SAP
MAC
PH
Y
Management EntityService Specific
Convergence Sublayer
Management EntityMAC Common Part
SublayerPrivacy Sublayer
Management Entity
PHY Layer
IEEE802.16/802.16eData/Control Plane
802.16f/g NetManManagement Plane
WiMAX NWGRAN Architecture
RANControl
&Transport
Functions
ExternalNetworks
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 14
WiMAX is a different mobile business
Internet
Subscriber
RAN
Core
Services
Subscriber
RAN
Core
Services
Subscriber
RAN
Core
Services
NSP
NAP
ASP
Subscriber Subscriber Subscriber
NAP
NSP NSP NSP
ASPASPASPASPLegacy MNO value chain WiMAX value pattern
Traffic growth: 6%/y Traffic growth: ~70%/y
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 15
Network Operator Relationships
Network Access Provider (NAP)A business entity that provides WiMAX radio access infrastructure to one or more WiMAX Network Service Providers (NSPs). A NAP implements this infrastructure using one or more Access Service Networks (ASN)
Network Service Provider (NSP)A business entity that provides IP connectivity and WiMAX services to WiMAX subscribers compliant with the Service Level Agreement it establishes with WiMAX subscribers. To provide these services, an NSP establishes contractual agreements with one or more NAPs. An NSP may also establish roaming agreements with other NSPs andcontractual agreements with third-party application providers (e.g. ASP or ISPs) for providing WiMAX services to subscribers.
ASP (Application Service Provider)Provides value added services, Layer 3+ (e.g. IMS, corporate access, ...)Provides and manages applications on top of IP
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 16
Internet
NSPMS NAP ASP
WiMAX Architecture
Abbreviations:
UEUser Equipment
NAPNetwork Access Provider
ACAccessConcentrator
NSPNetwork Service Provider
ASPApplication Service Provider
AC
WiMAX Architecture is aligned to DSL
DSL Architecture
ATM/ETH
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 17
WiMAX Network Reference Model (NRM)
NRM can be decomposed into a number of WiMAX access topological variants: Flat/Distributed, Hierarchical/ Centralized, Decomposed versus Integrated BS …
NAP
R1 R3 R5SS/MS
R2
ASN CSN CSN
ASP Network ORInternet
ASP Network ORInternet
R4
Another ASN
R2 Visited NSP Home NSP
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 18
WiMAX Network Architecturew/ NAP sharing
ASN
ASN
ASN
CSN
CSN
Internet
IPBackbone
NAP#1
NAP#2
NSP#A
NSP#B
HLR
WAG
3GMNO
ASP
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 19
(UMA)tbd
IPsec VPN
AAA Roaming
Stage 1: 3GPP TS 22.234
Stage 2: 3GPP TS 23.234
WLAN accessScenario 1: Common Billing and Customer CareScenario 2: 3GPP system based Access Control and Charging
Access to 3G services over WLANScenario 3: Access to 3GPP PS based services Scenario 4: Service ContinuityScenario 5: Seamless servicesScenario 6: Access to 3GPP CS Services
3GPP Interworking Scenarios
WLAN 3GPP IP Access
3GPP Home Network
WLAN Access Network
WLANUE
Ww
HSS HLR
CGw/CCF
OCSWa
Wn
Wx
D' / Gr'
Wf
Wo
Wi
Intranet /Internet
Wm
WAG Wp PDG
Wg
Wu
Dw
SLF
3GPP AAAServer
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 20
WiMAX Interworking is like WLAN Interworking
AC
AAAH
3GPP2MNO
HLR
WAG/AAAH
3GPPMNO
AAAH
HomeISP
RoamingBroker
MSS NAP NSP
AccessControl
WISP
WLAN
WiMAX
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 21
WiFi
Tight Integration of WiFi with Mobile WiMAX
WiMAX-WiFi relays are providing deep-indoor coverage as well as connectivity in hot-spots and moving environments (e.g. trains)WiFi terminals behind relay behave like WiMAX terminals
Same user credential, same user account, same service and QoS provisioningRelays may be concurrently used by ‘MSs’ belonging to different NSPs
ASN
H-CSN
RelayH-CSN
V-CSN
Conclusion
© Siemens Mobile WiMAX (Max Riegel) 2006-03-16 Page 23
Mobile WiMAX
IEEE802.16 takes care of PHY and MAC of radio interface802.16e extends MAC & PHY for mobility Dec. ‘05
WiMAX provides profiles and certification for .16e End ’05/Mid ‘06WiMAX NWG specifies access network architecture Rel 1: Mid ’06
based on IETF protocols, ‘merged’ 3GPP2/DSL/(3GPP) architecture
MS
BS Internet
CSNASP
MNOServicesASN
ManagedIP
NetworkBS
BS
WiMAX Network WG (NWG)IEEE802.16
WiMAX Certification
For comparison: Equivalent functions in a 3G networkUE NodeB RNC, SGSN GGSN, HSS IMS
BS
ASN
AccessNetwork Managed
IPNetwork
AccessNetwork
ASNGW
ASNGW
ASN: Access Serving NetworkCSN: Connectivity Serving Network ASP: Application Service Provider
The End
Thank you for your attention!
Stage 2 text of WiMAX NWG available byhttp://www.wimaxforum.org/technology/NWGLiaison1/
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