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20

30

40

Tropic of Cancer

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20

30

30 40 50

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Black SeaCaspian

Sea

UrmiaLake

Tigris

VanLake

Euphrates

Mediterranean Sea

Bosporus

DardanellesAegean

Sea

GulfPersian

AralSea

Gulf ofAqaba

Strait ofHormuz

Suez

Gulf of

CanalSuez

Dead Sea

Gulf ofOman

Amu

Darya

Arabian Sea

Gulf of AdenT'anaHayk'

Nile

Blue

White

Nile

Nile

MandebBab el

Red

Sea

BC

60

-

SAUDI

ARABIA

SUDAN

EGYPT

TURKEY

BULGARIA

ROM.

ETHIOPIA

SOMALIA

RUSSIA

CYPRUS

JORDAN

ISRAEL

GREECEARMENIA

OMAN

PAK.

KUWAIT

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

(YEMEN)

I R A N

TURKMENISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

GEORGIA

AZERBAIJAN

ERITREA

DJIBOUTI

OMAN

SYRIA

I R A Q

AFG.

UKR.

BAHRAIN QATAR

YEMEN

LEBANON

KAZAKHSTAN

KAZAKHSTAN

Socotra

AdministrativeBoundary

Bucharest

Sofia

BakuAnkara

AshgabatAthens

Damascus Baghdad

Amman

Cairo

Kuwait

Manama

Riyadh Muscat

KhartoumSanaa

Asmara

Addis Ababa

Krasnodar

Istanbul

Izmir.

.

Adana

Aleppo

Karkuk

Al Basrah¸

JerusalemAlexandria

Mecca

Massawa

Jiddah

Port Sudan

Aswan

SaidPort

Aden

Abadan

'Abbas

Mosul

Ahvaz

Mashhad

Zahedan

Esfahan

Mary

Herat

Bukhoro

Groznyy

Bursa

Konya

Samsun

Kayseri

Gaziantep

Bat'umi

Crete

Golan

West Bank*

Gaza Strip*

De FactoBoundary

De Facto Boundary

boundaryno defined

Dhahran

Diyarbakir Tabriz

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-

- -

-

- -

Shiraz

-

Dashhowuz

Nukus

Sumqayit

Sokhumi

Sevastopol'Constanta

Varna

Thessaloníkí

-

Arbil

Al JizahSuez

Asyut-

-

Omdurman

WadMadani

Djibouti

Berbera

Hargeysa

Al MukallaAl

Hudaydah -

AbuDhabi

Doha

Ad DammamAl Jubayl

-

Medina

Beirut

NicosiaLatakia

Hims

'Aqabah

Yanbu'al Bahr

Jizan

Al

Yerevan

Luxor

HeightsHaifa

Trabzon

Denizli

Antalya

Erzurum

Van

Al Ghaydah

-Salalah

Nebitdag

Bushehr-

-Kerman

QazvinZanjan

Rasht

Arak

Qom-

An Nasiriyah-

-Hala'ib¸

Aqtau(Aktau)

-

Ha'il

Buraydah

-

-

Dubai

TabukHafar

Dese-

ProvisionalAdministrative Line

al Batin-

T'bilisi

Kermanshah

Bandar

Türkmenbashy

Icel(Mersin)

.

Abha

MIDDLE EAST

Turkmenabat (Chärjew)

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¸¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

¸

Mount

Qolleh-yeDamavand

Ararat

Europe, 5633 m)(highest point in

Europe, -28 m)(lowest point in

(lowest point in Asia, -408 m)

+

+

+

Gora El'brus

Tehran

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802792AI (R02107) 4-01

Boundary representation isnot necessarily authoritative.

Scale 1:21,000,000

300 Miles

300 Kilometers

Lambert Conformal Conic Projection,standard parallels 12°N and 38°N

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Z A G R O S M

O U N T A I N S

T A U R U SM O U N T A

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C A U C A S U S M O U N T A I N S

S Y R I A N

N U B I A N

W E S T E R N

QATTARADEPRESSION

D E S E R T

D A

S H

T - E L U

T

D E S E R T

Lac'Assal

D E S E R T

PENINSULASINAI

R U B' A L K

H A L I

D O G U K A R A D E N I Z D A G L A R I

H E J A

Z

A S I R

ELBURZ MTS.

(lowest point in Africa, -155 m)

GR

EAT

RIF

T V

ALLEY

K O P P E H D A G H

G A R A G U M

Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv.

West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli-occupied with current status subject to the Israeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement -- permanent status to be determined through further negotiation.

Golan Heights is Israeli-occupied Syria.