michael peterson march 21, 2013. maximize the gift of donation develop novel surgical treatments...

Michael Peterson

March 21, 2013

The Impact of Eye Donation for

Research

Why do we need ocular tissue for

research?

• Maximize the gift of donation

• Develop novel surgical treatments

• Improve corneal transplantation

• Cure disease

Why not for transplant?

• Age

• Corneal evaluation

• Demyelinating disease

• Ocular cancers

• High risk social history

• HIV/AIDS

Blinding Eye Diseases

• Cataracts

• Glaucoma

• Age-Related Macular Degeneration

• Diabetic Rentinopathy

• Retinitis Pigmentosa

Photo courtesy of National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health

Cataracts• Leading cause of blindness in the world

• Clouding of natural lens• Age• Trauma• Secondary• Congenital• Radiation

Photos courtesy of National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health

Cataracts

What is at forefront of cataract research?

• Laser-assisted cataract incision• Multi-plane incisions• Self-healing wound

• Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery courses (MSICS)• Self-healing wound• Lower infection risk• Shorter surgery time

Glaucoma• Affects over 2 million Americans

• Group of diseases causing increased intraocular pressure damages optic nerve• Permanent vision loss

• Barriers to treatment• Asymptomatic until vision is lost• Medication compliance

Photos courtesy of National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health

Glaucoma• Earlier detection through genetic testing

• Surgical device development/surgeon training

• iStent®

• Smallest FDA-approved medical device

Photos courtesy of National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

• Gradual destruction of the macula• Loss of sharp, central vision

• Two types of AMD• Dry

• Most common, no cure• Wet

• 10-15% of all AMD cases• Most severe• Abnormal blood vessels

under macula leak blood, resulting in macular swelling and death

Photos courtesy of National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

• Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS)• First therapy for Dry AMD

• High dose antioxidants + zinc

• Laser therapy for Wet AMD

• Retinal prosthesis

Photo courtesy of Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.

Public Health Challenge of Eye Care

• 38 million in the U.S. suffer vision limitation

• Number of Americans older than 40 with age-related eye disease will increase 40% by 2020

• Eye diseases and disorders cost $60 billion annually in the U.S.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009

ReferencesAge-Related Macular Degeneration: What You Should Know About

[Internet]. 2009 Aug 1. Bethesda (MD): National Eye Institute; [cited 2013 Mar 13]. Available from: http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/maculardegen/nei_wysk_amd.PDF

The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System [Internet]. 2013 Feb 14. Sylmar (CA): Second Sight Medical Products, Inc; [cited 2013 Mar 12]. Available from: http://2-sight.eu/en/argus-ii-rps-pr-en

Facts About Cataract [Internet]. 2009 Sep 1. Bethesda (MD): National Eye Institute; [cited 2013 Mar 13]. Available from: http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/cataract/cataract_facts.asp

Facts About Glaucoma [Internet]. 2011 Jun 1. Bethesda (MD): National Eye Institute; [cited 2013 Mar 13]. Available from: http://www.nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts.asp

Glaukos iStent® Trabecular Micro-Bypass [Internet]. 2009 Jun 11. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine; [cited 2013 Mar 13]. Available from: http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2813604_MEAJO-16-138-g001&req=4

Vision Health Initiative [Internet]. 2009 Jul 31. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [cited 2013 Mar 14]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/visionhealth/basic_information/eye_disorders.htm