michael layton, phd philanthropy and civil society project itam, mexico 8 th international meeting...

Michael Layton, PhDPhilanthropy and Civil Society Project

ITAM, Mexico

8th International MeetingInternational Society for Third Sector Research

Barcelona, Spain July 9-12, 2008

Philanthropy and the Third Sector in Mexico: The Enabling Environment and its Limitations

Source: Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project.

Small Third Sector in Mexico

Percentage of Work Force

8

54

0.4

USA Average Argentina México

www.filantropia.itam.mx

Who is to blame? The Usual Suspects

• History

• Culture

• Inadequate Measures

• Lack of Professionalization

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The Blind Men and the Elephant

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Enabling Environment for Civil Society

• A legal framework that empowers groups • A tax structure that provides incentives, not

penalties • An accountability system that builds

confidence in CSOs• The institutional capacity to implement

effective activities • The availability of resources to undertake

these activities

Source: Salamon, Lester M. and Stefan Toepler, “The Influence of the Legal Environment on the Development of the Nonprofit Sector,” Working Paper of the Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, No. 17 (May 2000).

Legal framework that empowers

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

Nu

mb

er o

f D

on

atar

ias

Number of Donatarias Autorizadas

Source: Servicio de Administración Tributaria (SAT ), Mexico

Legal framework that empowersNumber of Donatarias Autorizadas per year 1991-2007

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Tax structure that provides incentives

Golpea reforma altruismo• La ley del CETU no incluye a

donativos como parte de sus 7 conceptos de deducibles para calcular la base de tributación del nuevo gravamen.

Ciudad de México 05 julio 2007

Por Grupo Reforma

Source: ENAFI 2005

Accountability system that builds confidence

Mucho6%

Algo16%

Poco25%

Nada44%

NS/NC9%

How much do you trust…NGOs or social organizations?

4723 46074019

8446

2386

6944

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1999 2000

Año

Número de Organizaciones Civiles nuevas, que permanecen y desaparecen por año 1999-2000.

Nuevas

Permanecen

Desaparecen

Source: Miriam Calvillo, CEDIOC Data Base 2001, UAM-Iztapalapa, Mexico

Institutional capacity

Source: Lester M. Salamon et al., Global Civil Society, Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, Volume 2, Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, Kumarian Press, 2004.

Availability of resources

Country GDP Percentage Dedicated to Philanthropy

USA 1.01%Spain 0.87%

Argentina 0.38%Colombia 0.32%

Peru 0.26%Brazil 0.17%

Mexico 0.04%

¿Cómo prefiere usted, realizar aportaciones o dar ayuda?

6% 2%

13%

79%

darlo directamente auna personanecesitadadarlo a través deinstituciones uorganizacionesle da lo mismo

NS/NC

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A sixth element: Culture (ENAFI)

Preference to Give to Needy Individuals

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A way out?

All you need is …

engagement?

impact?

accountability?

Thank you!

Michael D. LaytonPhilanthropy and Civil Society Project

ITAM, Mexicolayton@itam.mx

mlayton123@yahoo.com

For more information:www.filantropia.itam.mx