matter in our surroundings

Acknowledgement

Information and pictorial illustrations to create this

work have been drawn from class notes, prescribed

text books and various internet resources. The

author gratefully acknowledges the same. Any

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please be indicated to suddurocks@yahoo.in so that

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in this file.

This presentation is created with the sole intention

of benefitting a large number of student community.

This may not be used for any commercial purpose.

Contents :

About Matter

Physical Nature of Matter

Characteristics of Particles of Matter

States of Matter

Matter Changing its State

Evaporation

Multiple Choice Questions

Some Interesting Pictures

About Matter

Everything in this universe is made up of

material which is called Matter.

Matter is anything which occupies mass and space.

Each matter is a collection of lots of tiny particles.

Particles of matter are continuously

moving.

Physical Nature of Matter

Matter is made up of particles.

The particles of matter are very small –

they are small beyond our imagination.

Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Particles of matter have space between them.

EXAMPLE : When we make tea or coffee, particles of one type of matter get into the spaces between particles of the other. This shows that there is enough space between particles of matter.

• Particles of matter are continuously

moving.

- They possess what we call the Kinetic

Energy. As the temperature raises,

particles move faster. So, we can say that

with increase in temperature the kinetic

energy of the particles also increases.

► Particles of matter attract each other.

- Particles of matter have force acting between them. This force keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.

States of Matter

►Matter around us exist in three different states –

(i) Solid

(ii) Liquid

(iii) Gas

The Solid State

Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape

when subjected to outside force.

Solids may break under force but it is difficult

to change their shape, so they are rigid.

The Liquid State

Liquids have no fixed shape but have a fixed volume.

Liquids take up the shape of the container in which they are kept.

The Gaseous State

Gases are highly compressible as compared to solids and liquids.

Matter Changing Its State

Effect of Change of Temperature

On increasing the temperature of solids, the kinetic energy of the particles increases.

Due to the increase in kinetic

energy, the particles start vibrating

with greater speed.

The energy supplied heat

overcomes the forces of attraction

between the particles.

The particles leave their fixed

positions and start moving freely.

A stage is reached when the solid

melts and is converted to liquid.

The temperature at which a solid melts to

become a liquid at the atmospheric

pressure is called its Melting Point.

The melting point of a solid is an indication of

the strength of the force of attraction between

its particles.

The melting point of ice is 273.16K*.

The process of melting, that is, change of solid

state into liquid state is known as Fusion.

The state of matter can be changed into another state by changing the temperature.

Evaporation

Particles of matter are always moving and

never at rest.

At a given temperature in any gas, liquid

or solid, there are particles with different

amounts of kinetic energy.

In the case of liquids, a small fraction of

particles at the surface, having higher

kinetic energy, is able to break away from

the forces of attraction of other particles

and gets converted into vapour.

• This phenomenon of change of liquid into

vapours at any temperature below its

boiling point is called Evaporation.

Multiple Choice Questions

►Q 1 : Liquids have

(a) Fixed volume and fixed shape

(b) Fixed shape and no fixed volume

(c) Fixed volume and no fixed shape

(d) Neither fixed volume nor fixed shape

Answer :

Option :

(c) Fixed volume and no fixed shape.

Q 2 : Intermolecular force of attraction is

maximum in

(a) Solids

(b) Liquids

(c) Gases

(d) Plasma Membrane

Answer :

Option :

(a) Solids.

Q 3 : When we add sugar in water, particles of sugar disappear because they

(a) Are very small

(b) Get into the spaces between water particles

(c) Are moving

(d) Are colourless

Answer :

Option :

(b) Get into the spaces between water particles.

Q 4 : Large volume of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is available in small cylinders to us due to its property of

(a) High inflammability

(b) Easy availability

(c) High compressibility

(d) Low density

Answer :

Option :

(c) High Compressibility.

Q 5 : Gases do not have

(a) High compressibility

(b) High Fluidity

(c) High Density

(d) Large Volume

Answer :

Option :

(c) High Density.

Q 6 : Evaporation of a material takes place

(a) Above its boiling point

(b) Below its boiling point

(c) Above its melting point

(d) Below its melting point

Answer :

Option :

(b) Below its boiling point.

Q 7 : Particles of a liquid

(a) Are most ordered

(b) Move randomly

(c) Have large intermolecular spaces

(d) Can slip and slid over each other

Answer :

Option :

(d) Can slip and slid over each

other.

Q 8 : Which of the following

processes does not convert a liquid

into vapours?

(a) Boiling

(b) Heating

(c) Evaporation

(d) Condensation

Answer :

Option :

(d) Condensation.

►Q 9 : Which of the following decreases the rate of evaporation?

(a) Surface area

(b) Humidity

(c) Temperature

(d) Wind

Answer :

Option :

(b) Humidity.

Q 10 : The fluorescent tubes and neon sign bulbs glow because of

(a) Presence of charged particles

(b) High density of gases

(c) High temperature

(d) High applied voltage

Answer :

Option :

(a) Presence of charged particles.

Some Interesting Pictures

Thank You !!!

Compiled By :

Sudarshan . S . K .

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