material system

DIVERSITYMATTERS

Alicia Díaz

STATE MASS VOLUME SHAPE FLUENCY

SOLID CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT NO

LIQUID CONSTANT CONSTANT VARIABLE YES

GAS CONSTANT VARIABLE VARIABLE YES

AGGREGATION STATE OF MATTER

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html

http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html

CLASSIFICATION

OF MATTER

MIXTUREPURE

SUBSTANCE

HOMOGENEOUS

(SOLUTIONS)

HETEROGENEOUS

(SUSPENSIONS,

COLLOIDS, ETC.)COMPOUNDSELEMENTS

Element: Substance formed by only one type of atom.For example: gold, silver, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Simple substances Equal molecules with only one type of atom

Compounds: A substance that contains two or moreelements, the atoms of these elements always combining inthe same whole-number ratio.For example: water, carbon dioxide, sodium bicarbonate,carbon monoxide

PURE SUBSTANCEA material with a constant composition, its characteristic properties do not change, in the same conditions of temperature and pressure

Homogeneous: It has the same properties at all its pointsand have only one phase. We can call this type of mixture,dissolution or solutions.

Heterogeneous: It has not the same properties at all theirpoints and are made up of more than one phase

http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/solutions/character.html

MIXTUREA material with two or more substances

SOLUTIONS

SOLUTIONS

1. COMPONENTS OF A SOLUTIONS

2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE

CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION

1. COMPONENTS OF SOLUTIONS

• SOLUTE: is the component of themixture that has the minorproportion

• SOLVENT: is the component of themixture that has the majorproportion

2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS

2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF

AGGREGATION

2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF

SOLUTE

2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF

SOLUTE DISSOLVED IN THE

SOLUTION

SOLUT SOLVENT SOLUTION EXAMPLE

Gas

Gas GAS

Air

Liquid Moist air

Solid airborne dust

Gas

Liquid LIQUID

Coca cola

Liquid Water and alcohol

Solid Colacao milk

Gas

Solid SOLID

Hydrogen in palladium

Liquid Amalgams

Solid Alloys

2.1. ACCORDING TO THE STATE OF AGGREGATION

2.2. ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE

• CONCENTRATED: Large amounts of solute

• DILUTED: small amounts of solute

2.3. DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF SOLUTE

DISSOLVED IN THE SOLUTION

• SATURATED: It has the maximumamount of solute that the solvent candissolve at a given temperature

• UNSATURATED: It has the least amountof solute than the solvent can dissolve ata given temperature

• SUPERSATURATED: It has more solutethan the solvent is capable of dissolving ata given temperature

3. WAYS OF EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION

• Percent by mass

• Percent by volume

• Grams per liter

100m

mmass%

solution

solutsolut

100V

VVolume%

solution

solutsolut

solution

solut

L

gL/g

SEPARATION OF MIXTURE

SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

Separationof solids

Of different

sizesSIEVE

Of different magnetic properties

MAGNETIC

SEPARATION

Of different solubility in

different solvents

EXTRACTION

Separation of solids

and liquids

Soluble

solid

EVAPORATION

CRYSTALLIZATION

Insoluble solid

FILTRATION

CENTRIFUGE

Separationof liquids

Miscible

DISTILLATION

CHROMATOGRAPHY

Immiscibles DECANTING

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qR8U1PwTFNk