march 17 rfid presentation

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TAG You're IT! - Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) in Action Stuart Pothan – Industry Leader Supply Chain

Andrew Ly – Application Server Architect

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Contents

What is it?

Trends

Inside Tags and Readers

RFID Architectures and Infrastructure

Barcode vs. RFID

RFID Standards

Applications and Challenges

The Future

Demo

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What is it?

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a wireless automatic data capture (ADC) technology that comprises small data-carrying transponders ('tags'), and fixed or mobile scanners ('readers'). Tags are attached to or embedded in objects to be identified.

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Trends

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How it works

RFID tag: Integrated Circuit + antenna. The data is stored on

the IC (~2Kb). $0.50

Information is sent to and read from RFID tags over RF

signals.

An RFID reader captures the data and passes it on to

computers through cable or wireless network (Wi-Fi or

Bluetooth)

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Tag Properties• Invisible: As small as 0.4mm x 0.4mm, and thin enough to

be embedded into paper• Can be read without line of sight of the item• Passive (no battery) or Active (has battery)• Tag memory properties:

• Read-only• Write Once Read Many times (WORM)• Read and write• 64 – 256 bits of data

• Frequency - Maximum Read Range• Low Frequency-10 inches (254 mm)• High frequency-3 feet (1 meter)• Ultra-high frequency (UHF) -(* required by Wal-Mart) up to 30

feet (<10 meters)

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Inside the Tag

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EPC Global RFID Tag Classes

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Generation 2 Tags

The next generation of EPC protocol is better for three

primary reasons:

It creates an interoperable, global standard, There are additional features making it technically more

advanced, It uses more advanced anti-collision protocols for faster,

more accurate performance.

The Class1 Generation 2.0 protocol will be backward

compatible for Generation 1.0 Class 1 and Class 0

Generation 2.0 protocol will also operate with the

emerging ISO18000-6 standard protocol

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• Retrieve data from tags• Stationary or portable

• 10 to 800 tags per second• Price: $2000 - $3000 (dropping to $100)

10BaseT EthernetBluetooth

IEEE 802.11 (WiFi)

RS-232

Readers Properties

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Frequency and Uses

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Frequency and Uses

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RFID Architecture and Infrastructure

RFID Tags and SensorsRFID Tags and Sensors

RFID ReaderRFID Reader

Edge Server and MiddlewareEdge Server and Middleware

Network Storage

Messaging Queues EAI

LAN Routing XML Messages

ERP/WMS/MRP

Partners and VendorsPartners and Vendors

Secured Network Services

Inte

rnet

Cor

pora

teN

etw

ork

Sensors/RFIDInfrastructure

MessagingInfrastructure

Applications/Data Staging

Partner Applications

and Web Services

EPC RepositoryEPC RepositoryONSONS

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RFID Architecture

Object Name Service (ONS)• Provides a global, distributed lookup service to translate an EPC into one

URL where further information on the object (XML - metadata) may be found

• Dynamic ONS services record a sequence of custodians as an object moves through a supply chain

• Uses same technology of DNS• Integration and security are key

The Vertical-Based Extendable Mark-Up Language (XML) • XML vocabularies to represent and distribute information related to objects• Specific functionality data representation for specific industries

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RFID Middleware (Edge Server)• ALE - Application Level Events standard• Middleware software designed to process the streams of tag or sensor data • Accommodates different reader vendors• Standardizes interfaces between readers, ONS, XML, and Enterprise

Applications• Uses XML-RPC and SOAP over HTTP• Filtering, aggregation, reduction of the volume of data prior to sending to

Enterprise Application• Scalability is important, since readers may process hundreds of tags per

second

RFID Middleware

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Infrastructure to Support Deployment Network, Network, Network

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Infrastructure to Support Deployment Network, Network, Network

Target site’s network architecture needs to be re-engineered to support RFID traffic

The RFID network needs to be managed properly Routing data Standards Provisioning

Depends on application but things to consider: Wireless readers? How much to read? Multiple sites across firewalls? What about security?

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RFID vs. Barcode Comparison  RFID Barcodes

Readability 97%-99% 80%-85%

Line of Sight Not Required Required

Fail-Rate Low (when properly designed)

High

Environmental Tolerance (dust, dirt)

High Low

Orientation of Labels Not Required Required

Cost Per Item More (decreasing) Less

Scalability for integration

Good Limited

Scalability for security requirements

High Low

GTIN Compliant Yes (EPC enabled tag) Yes (EAN/UCC)

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Standards

• Electronic Product Code (EPC) NetworkGlobal (Industry-driven ) standard for immediate, automatic, and accurate identification of any item in the supply chain of any company, in any industry, anywhere in the world.

• EPCglobal NetworkUses RFID technology to enable visibility of information about items in the supply chain. The network is comprised of five fundamental elements.

• Electronic Product Code (EPC)• ID System (EPC Tags and Readers)• RFID Middleware• Object Name Service (ONS)• Vertical-Based XML

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EPC Data Standards

Electronic Product Code (EPC)Uniquely identifies item in supply chain

• 96 bit EPC

• 268 million companies

• Each with 16 million distinct object classes

• Each class with 68 billion serial numbers

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EPC Tag Data Standards EPC Encodings

EPC Tag Encoding Standards General Identifier (GID) Serialized Global Trade Item Number (SGTIN) Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) Serialized Global Location Number (SGLN) Global Returnable Asset Identifier (GRAI) Global Individual Asset Identifier (GIAI)

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SGTIN (Serialized Global Trade Item Number)

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GTIN/RFID Relationship

IndicatorDigit

CheckDigit

Serial Number

Item Reference Serial Number

Company PrefixIndicator

DigitItem

Reference

Company PrefixSGTIN Bit-Level Encoding

GTIN plus Serial NumberIdentity Structure

How the parts of the decimal SGTIN are extracted, rearranged and augmented for encoding

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Sample of RFID Ecosystem

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Applications

Healthcare prescription bottles speak the drug contents to the patient hospitals track equipment, laboratory samples, organs for

transplant, and blood bags (inventory and expiration)

Asset Management, Protection, and Security Tag assets for inventory control as they leave premises RFID tags with other environmental sensors gauge

longevity of bridges and roads for repairs Security level of information access changes as notebook

computer is in different security zone

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Applications Retail

RFID readers in shelves and racks to trigger automatic replenishment programs.

“intelligent closets” within dressing rooms display detail of items on a touch screen monitor (add targeting and user profiling to that)

Homeland Security at Airports Identifying baggage and passengers in the airport Link boarding pass to checked-in baggage to positively

identify individuals Ottawa Airport situation last Fall could have re-opened the

airport less than 4 hours had they been able to positively identify the person quicker

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It’s a Canadian Thing Too, eh!

“Reusable supply chain assets often seem to sprout

legs and walk off on their own. Learn how Air

Canada used an innovative RFID system from

Scanpak to slash unexplained losses and improve

food cart utilization globally.”

RFID Magazine

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Challenges Interference

Liquid, Metal, Magnetic interference, RF Interference Still an equal part of art and science for tuning

Read rates are not perfect Around 97-98 percent

Costs Tags are still not cheap Full ROI not easily realized unless RFID data is tied

to operation systems Privacy concerns may derail some implementations Security concerns with some tags being hacked Lack of Skilled Resources

Technology still not widely used to have many experts

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Challenges Managing the RFID Network

Readers Middleware Printers Routers

Business Processes Re-engineering to support new RFID processes

Data integration with existing enterprise applications to fully exploit ROI

Data integration with all partners in the business ecosystem

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The Future – A Network of Sensors

BackendApplications

Filterin

g &

De

vice In

tegratio

nF

iltering

& D

evic

e Integ

ration

Naming / XMLNaming / XMLServicesServices D

istribu

tion

Distrib

utio

nOperationalOperational

DataData

Stream DataStream DataMinimized & NormalizedMinimized & Normalized

RFID

Environmental

Sensors (Temperature,

Humidity, Light, etc,…)

Motion/Video/Image

Sensors

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Questions?

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Contact Information

Andrew Ly, I.S.P. (Information Systems Professional)

Application Server ArchitectAllstream IT Services1300 - 360 Albert St.Ottawa, ON K1R 7X7Tel: 613-232-2760 X479Fax: 613-232-3208Mobile: 613-220-3225Email: andrew.ly@allstream.comhttp://www.allstream.com/

If you would like further information on today’s CIPS seminar, please feel free to contact:

Stuart Pothan Industry Leader, Supply ChainAllstream IT Services8th Floor, 200 Wellington St. WestToronto, ON M5V 3G2Tel: 416-644-6766Fax: 416-363-0962Mobile: 416-268-3310Email: stuart.pothan@allstream.comhttp://www.allstream.com/

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Annex A: Further RFID Details

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Fixed Reader Uses

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Mobile Readers Uses

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Frequency in Regions

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Other Applications

Transit Systems – Cashless transit fares Airlines – Baggage, asset management Logistics – Ships, trucks, trains Parcels – Fedex, UPS, DHL (2004) Retail (Consumer Goods) – Walmart, Metro Defence – US DoD suppliers, DND to follow? Healthcare – Pharmaceuticals, patient tracking Agriculture – Live stock tracking, perishables Lifestyle – Amusement Parks, Speedpass(Esso) Security – Personnel, Assets