mansa 2010 3.ppt [kompatibilitätsmodus] - national ... procedure is unsatisfying until now man...
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Particle Counting in Engine Exhaustin Engine Exhaust
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Rothe, Beck, Maurer MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 1
History of the Emission Legislationfrom Euro 0 to Euro VIfrom Euro 0 to Euro VI
PM [g/kWh] E 0 1990PM [g/kWh]
0,7
0 6
Euro 0, 1990
Dieselmotoren > 85 kW0,6
0,5
E I 19920,4
0,3
Euro I, 1992
0,20,15
Euro II, 1995E III 20000,1
00,02
Euro III, 2000
b 2005Euro IV
Euro V, 2008
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 2
0 2 3,5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 14,4NOx [g/kWh]COP-Grenzwerte EEC 88/77
ab 2005Euro VI, 2014
Further Regulations to be fulfilled for Euro VIFurther Regulations to be fulfilled for Euro VI
New test cycles WHTC and WHSCNew test cycles WHTC and WHSC
WHTC with cold and warm test
WNTE (World harmonized not to exceed)
In use compliance
Limitation of secondary emissions (NO2 NH3 N2O )Limitation of secondary emissions (NO2, NH3, N2O, …)
PEMS (Portable Emission Measurement System)
Particle number emission limit
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 3
Particle Number Emission Limit for Euro VIParticle Number Emission Limit for Euro VI
6x1011 particles/kWh in WHTC and 8x1011 particles/kWh in WHSC6x10 particles/kWh in WHTC and 8x10 particles/kWh in WHSC
Measuring method developed with suggestion of thePMP (P i l M P )PMP (Particulate Measurement Programme)
Only non-volatile particles
only particles > 23 nm (Cut Point)
3 stage dilution (in total 1:10.000)
Use of a PNC (Particle Number Counter)( )
Calibration procedure is unsatisfying until now
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 4
Particle Size Distribution
Potential clima and toxicological potential of the nucleation mode
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 5
Potential clima - and toxicological potential of the nucleation modeis not taken into account
UncertaintyParticle lossesParticle losses
Source: AVL MST 2010
Size depended particle losses during sampling are corrected size independent
Source: AVL MST 2010
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 8
pCauses: Diffusion and Thermophoresis
Uncertainty Morphological changes in the ETMorphological changes in the ET
Partikelgrößenverteilung gemessen mit SMPS vor und nach der Vorkonditioniereinheit des AVL Partikelzählers, PCRF=3000vor und nach der Vorkonditioniereinheit des AVL Partikelzählers, PCRF 3000
1,00E+05
1,00E+04
p [#
/cm
]
vor AVL PC 1vor AVL PC 2vor AVL PC 3
1,00E+03dN/d
log
Dp vor AVL PC 3
nach AVL PC 1nach AVL PC 2nach AVL PC 3nach AVL PC 4
1,00E+02
Morphological changes of the soot structureFormation of CNTs
1 10 100 1000
Partikeldurchmeser [nm]
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 9
Pyrolysis of the organic fraction (artificial overestimation)
Uncertainty Calibration of the CPCCalibration of the CPC
Source: TSI JAS 2010
Counting efficiency is material dependent Caused by the different physical and chemical interactions between the particles and the
Source: TSI, JAS, 2010
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 10
Caused by the different physical and chemical interactions between the particles and the working fluidNo ideal calibration aerosol for diesel exhaust
Uncertainty Calibration of the CPCCalibration of the CPC
Abhängigkeit der Partikelkonzentration vom VerdünnungsfaktorDependence of the particle concentration from the dilution ratio
4,0E+04
4,5E+04
5,0E+04
]
2,5E+04
3,0E+04
3,5E+04
entr
atio
n [#
/cm
³]
1 0E 04
1,5E+04
2,0E+04
,
Part
ikel
konz
e
0,0E+00
5,0E+03
1,0E+04
0 0E+00 1 0E-01 2 0E-01 3 0E-01 4 0E-01 5 0E-01 6 0E-01
Difference between PCRF and DRA tifi i l ti ti t l t ti (H l ti ??)
0,0E+00 1,0E-01 2,0E-01 3,0E-01 4,0E-01 5,0E-01 6,0E-01
Particle Concentration Reduction Factor (PCRF)-1
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 11
Artificial overestimation at low concentrations (Homogeneous nucleation ??)Artificial underestimation at high concentrations (coincidence)
Comparison: MSS with APC
06.05.200912:27:05_1307 nach Vorkat
07.05.200913:36:03_1316 nach Filter
06.05.200912:59:58_1308 nach Vorkat
07.05.200913:36:03_1316 nach Filter
8·107
9·107
1·108
1·108
g/m
3 ]
35
40
45
50
PN
[Par
tikel
/cm
3 ]
3 107
4·107
5·107
6·107
7·107
Ruß
konz
entr
atio
n [m
g
15
20
25
30
U:\Eigene Dateien\Eigene Dokumente\Vorträge\MAN\MTX\0509\APC_ETC.ipw
0·100
1·107
2·107
3·107
Zeit [s]0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
U:\Eigene Dateien\Eigene Dokumente\Vorträge\MAN\MTX\0509\MSS_ETC.ipw
0
5
10
Zeit [s]0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
PN (APC) and Soot concentration measurement (MSS) in the ETC before and behind DPF
Detection limit of both methods sufficient for measurements behind DPFPN-emission behind DPF lower than intake air
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 12
Comparison: MSS with APC
Correlation between solid particles and soot mass for different driving cycles
Quelle: Mohr, 5. AVL. 2008
Good correlation for the same combustion strategy and engine test cycle
p g y
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 13
Comparison: MSS with APC
MSS APCSelectivity Soot particles Solid particlesDetection limit ≤ 10 µg m-3 Ca. 109 m-3
Calibration effort Model soot / Gravimetry
ElectrosprayRadioactive sourceG a et y ad oact e sou ceElectrometerCPC
Robustness Fair ModerateOperating supplies Non n-Butanol Costs Fair HighM i t ff t F i Hi h
Soot concentration measurement as alternative or addition to PN measurement
Maintenance effort Fair High
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010 14
Summary/OutlookSummary/Outlook
Some uncertainty for the PN measurement in engine exhaust (dilutionSome uncertainty for the PN measurement in engine exhaust (dilution losses, Evaporation Tube, Calibration)
By introducing the world harmonised driving cycles WHTC and WHSCBy introducing the world harmonised driving cycles WHTC and WHSC certification procedure for heavy duty engines was supposed to become easier.
The introduction of an additional emission limit causes a distortion of global competition to the disadvantage of the European heavy duty manufacturers.
Soot concentration measurement as alternative or addition to PN measurement
Discussion of the problems at an FVV-Workshop in Germany
MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG Dr. Rothe, Dr. Beck MANSA 2010 09. June 2010
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