make gender matter
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ASEAN:AssociationofSouthEastAsianNations
Myanmar(Jul.1997)
Vietnam(Jul.1995)
LaoPDR(Jul.1997) Thailand(Aug.1967)
Singapore(Aug.1967)
Philippines(Aug.1967)
Malaysia(Aug.1967)
Indonesia(Aug.1967)
Brunei(Jan.1984)
Cambodia(Apr.1999)
OverviewoftheASEANCommunity
02ASEANEconomicCommunity(AEC)TransformsASEANintoastable,prosperous,andhighlycompetitiveregionwithequitableeconomicdevelopment,andreducedpovertyandsocio-economicdisparities.
03ASEANSocio-CulturalCommunity(ASCC)ContributestorealisinganASEANCommunitythatispeople-orientedandsociallyresponsiblewithaviewtoachievingenduringsolidarityandunityamongthepeoplesandMemberStatesofASEAN
ASEANPoliticalSecurityCommunity(APSC)EnsuresthatthepeoplesandMemberStatesofASEANliveinpeacewithoneanotherandwiththeworldatlargeinajust,democraticandharmoniousenvironment.
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.ASEANiscommittedtothepromotionofgenderequalityandiscognisant oftheimportancetoaddressthegenderdimensionacross3pillarsthroughgendermainstreamingstrategies
particularlyinviewofthecomplementaritiesbetweenASEANCommunityVision2015andtheSDGs.
ASEANandGenderEquality
ASEANiscommittedtopromotingtheempowermentofwomenandgirlsthroughregionalcooperation
The rights of women, children,the elderly, persons withdisabilities, migrant workers,and vulnerable and marginalisedgroups are an inalienable,integral and indivisible part ofhuman right and fundamentalfreedoms.
GeneralPrinciples We,therefore,undertaketorealise
An inclusive community that promotes highquality of life, equitable access toopportunities for all and promotes andprotects human rights of women, children,youth, the elderly/older persons, personswith disabilities, migrant workers, andvulnerable and marginalised groups
• EmpoweredPeopleandStrengthenedInstitutions• ReducingBarriers• EquitableAccessforAll• PromotionandProtectionofHumanRights• ConservationandSustainableManagementofEcosystemsBiodiversityandNaturalResources• TowardsanOpenandAdaptiveASEAN• TowardsaCreative,InnovativeandResponsiveASEAN• EngenderaCultureofEntrepreneurshipinASEAN
ASEANiscommittedtopromotingtheempowermentofwomenandgirlsthroughregionalcooperationTheASEANSocio-CulturalCommunityVision2025isforanASEANCommunitythatengagesandbenefitsthepeoplesandisinclusive,sustainable,resilient,anddynamic.
KeyResultAreasrelevanttowomenempowerment
• There has been a rise but the rise is SLOW
• Women’s limited participation in decision-making:governance, ministerial portfolios, senior positions in thecivil service; justice and law enforcement.
• What does this mean? Inequality in the distribution ofvoice, representation and influence in public sector andpolitical processes.
• How does this happen? Persistence of restrictive genderroles, women’s disadvantageous financial positions, anda lack of access to influential networks for fundraising orbuilding political alliance AND the cultural bias anddiscrimination against women as leaders.
GenderinPolitics
27%
22 % 18%
5.6%
ASEAN averageforwomeninparliament
Global averageforwomeninparliament
HighprogressinPhilippines
SlowprogressinMyanmar
Source:UNWOMEN2014
• Women make up around half of the graduates in mostASEAN countries, only 30 women per every 100 men are inleadership positions at work.
• Equality in the world of work: An additional US$28 trillion(S$38 trillion), or 26 per cent, of incremental global grossdomestic product (GDP) could be achieved in 2025.
• women account for nearly half (48.7 per cent) of the intra-ASEAN migrant working age population. Yet concerns areraised about intersecting gender, age, ethnicity and legalstatus vulnerabilities at different stages of the “migrationjourney”.
• “Smart” Economics: Education level, financial and digitalinclusion, legal protection, and unpaid care work
GenderintheEconomy
Financialanddigitalinclusion
Educationlevel
Legalprotection
Unpaidcarework
Source:XX
GenderGapsinASEANLabour Market
Vastimprovementsinmeanyearsofschooling……butpersistentdifferencesineducationalattainment;girlstendtodropoutpost-primaryandsecondarylevel
29
49
41
5955
39
2321
51
Managers&SeniorOfficials
Professionals Techniciansandassociateprofessionals
Clericalworkers
Serviceandsalesworkers
Skilledagricultural,forestryand
fisheryworkers
Craftandrelatedtrades
workers
Plantandmachineoperators
Elementaryoccupations
Womendominateclericaljobs,salesworkersandother
elementaryoccupations…
….funnelingoutofwomenfromseniorpositions
Persistentgenderwagegaps:19%Possibleexplanations:morewomenincontractualwork-63%womenareinvulnerablejobsasopposedto56%menInSouth-eastAsia,49percentofwomenareexcludedfrom
financialservices.
Source:UNWOMEN2016,ESCAP2017
OPP
ORT
UNITIES
BARRIERS
MainFindings
Demandsidebarriers• Highskilledsectors(suchasautomotives andelectronics)↑,
whereassectorswherewomendominate(suchagricultureandgarments)arestagnant
• Newlycreatedjobsdonotchallengegenderstereotypes,arevery‘female’
• Verticalsegregation- womencontinuetobeemployedinlow-payandshort-termjobs
Supplysidebarriers• Gendergapsineducation↓buteducationattainmentfor
womenstilllessthanamen
• Gendergapsinskills,credit,decentwork
• Largenumbersofhighlyeducatedwomenremainunemployed
• Highandpersistentgenderpaygap
• Persistentlegalandinstitutionalbarriers
• Safetyatworkplaceisamajorconcern
Boostintradeandformal,paidemploymentopportunities
Increasingemploymentinsectorswherewomendominate(agriculture,tourismandgarments)
Employmentopportunitiesinskilledprofessionalcategories,especiallyexportableservices
SMEgrowthopportunitieswherewomentendtodominate
• Thereisaremarkableincreaseofwomen-ownedMSMEs among all ASEAN countries. In total,there are61.3millionwomenentrepreneurs in10ASEANcountries.
• Promote women’s participation and skillsdevelopment in science, technology,engineering, arts and mathematics (S.T.E.A.M.),including information and communicationtechnologies(ICT)
• increasingwomen’sparticipationintheeconomycouldaddanadditionalUS$12trilliontoannualglobal output by 2025. Closing gender gaps inhours worked, participation and productivitycouldresultinGDPgainsofupto30percentforEast and South-East Asia (excluding China) by2025(UNESCAP2017)
Womenandeconomy
GenderandSocial(?)Issues:ViolenceagainstWomenandGirls(VAW)
Source:WHO2013andUNWOMEN2015
VAW
One-thirdofallwomenareaffected=epidemics
VAWviolenceisamajorcauseofdeathanddisability (15to44years)
CostofVAW:Productivityloss1.78percentofGDP,35percentlessearnings
VAWisthemostpervasiveviolationofhumanrights
EconomiccostofVAW-VietNam:Productivityloss1.78percentofGDP
IPV:Africa,with45.6percent,hastheworstrecord,followedbySoutheastAsia,with40.2percent
RapeandIPV*arehigherriskfactorsforwomeninthisage-groupthancancerandmotorvehicleaccidents
TheworstaffectedregionsareSoutheastAsia,theeasternMediterraneanregionandAfrica
*IntimatePartnerViolence
ASEANinstrumentsonadvancingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls
DeclarationoftheAdvancementofWomenintheASEANRegion,
HaNoi DeclarationontheEnhancementofWelfareandDevelopmentofASEANWomenandChildren,17thASEANSummit,HaNoi,VietNam
TheDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceAgainstWomenandEliminationofViolenceAgainstChildreninASEAN
1988
2010
2013
Declarationandregionalactionplans
TheDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceAgainstWomenand
EliminationofViolenceAgainstChildreninASEAN
Regional Plan of Action on the Elimination of Violence
Against Women
Regional Plan of Action on the Elimination of
Violence Against Children
ACKNOWLEDGINGtheimportanceofintensifyingeffortsofASEANMemberStatestopromotetherightsofwomenandchildren,as
wellastopreventandprotectthemfromandrespondtoallformsofviolence,abuseandexploitationofwomenandchildrenparticularlyfor
thosewhoareinvulnerablesituations
ASEANhasapolicyofzerotoleranceforallformsofviolenceagainst
women.Recognizingviolenceagainstwomenasaviolationofhumanrights,ASEANisdeterminedtoeliminateallformsofviolenceagainstwomenasamatterof
priority.
ASEANMemberStateshaveazerotoleranceforanyformofviolence
againstchildren.Theultimategoalofthisplanistheeliminationofall
formsofviolenceagainstchildrenintheASEANMemberStates.
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ASEANmechanismsundertakingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls
ASEAN Committee on Women (ACW)
As the oldest existing women’s body within the ASEAN,the AWC has been the leader on efforts to eliminateviolence against women in the region. The ACW oversawthe creation of the ASEAN Committee on the Rights ofWomen and Children and drafted the ASEAN Declarationon the Elimination of Violence against Women in 2004.
Promotionofwomenleadership
Nongenderstereotypingandsocialnormschange
Gendermainstreamingacross3pillars
EliminationofVAW
Economicempowermentofwomen
Wo r k P l a n 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 20
Priority
Are
a
ASEANmechanismsundertakingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls
ACW and ACWC Joint Ad-hoc Working Group on GenderMainstreaming. Gender mainstreaming in the three (3)ASEAN Community pillars: ASEAN Political-SecurityCommunity (APSC), ASEAN Economic Community (AEC),and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)
ACWC is a consultative intergovernmental human rightsmechanism dedicated to promoting and protecting thehuman rights and fundamental freedoms of women andchildren within ASEAN member states.
ASEAN Commission on the Promotionand Protection of the Rights ofWomen and Children (ACWC)
Its formation was mandated as part of the VientianeAction Programme adopted at the ASEAN Summit in2004, and its formal establishment was spurred by theCEDAW and the CRC– in combination with the increasein human rights instruments adopted by ASEAN on theseissues.
ASEANmechanismsundertakingissuesrelatedtomigrantworkers
In 2017, the ACMW, together with the ASEANSecretariat, UN Women and Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung(FES), commissioned and launched the study on Womenmigrant workers in the ASEAN Economic Community
On 13 January 2007, the ASEAN Leaders signed thelandmark ASEAN Declaration on the Protection andPromotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers, also knownas the Cebu Declaration
ASEAN Committee on the Implementationof the ASEAN Declaration on theProtection and Promotion of the Rights ofMigrant Workers (ACMW)
ToensuretheeffectiveimplementationofthecommitmentsmadeundertheDeclaration;and
TofacilitatethedevelopmentofanASEANinstrumentontheprotectionandpromotionoftherightsofmigrantworkers.
ASEANinstrumentsonadvancingtheempowermentofwomenandgirls
ManilaStatementonMainstreamingWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)inASEANActionAgendaonMainstreamingWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)inASEANDraftJointStatementonWomen,PeaceandSecurity
DeclarationontheGender-ResponsiveImplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025andtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals
JointStatementonWomen,PeaceandSecurityASEANConsensusontheProtectionandPromotionoftheRightsofMigrantWorkers
COMMITMEN
TTHRO
UGH
DeclarationontheGender-ResponsiveImplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025andtheSDGs
§ Sex-disaggregatedHigh-quality,reliableandtimelydatabases&analyses
§ M&E§ Mainstreamgenderperspectiveandanalysis§ Investmentstocloseresource gaps§ Women'sequalaccesstoandfullparticipationindecision-making
§ Engagementofmenandboys§ ASEANSectoralBodiestoengageandestablishmechanismsforengagementwithwomen’sorgs
§ DevelopmentandimplementationofGMinitiativesacrosssectoral bodiesandpillars
§ Gender-responsiveimplementationoftheASEANCommunityVision2025withthethreeASEANBlueprintsandtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals
§ Toensuretherealisation ofapeople-orientedandpeople-centeredASEANwhereallwomenandgirlsareabletoreachthefullestoftheirpotentials
TheActionAgendaaimstomainstreamWomen’sEconomicEmpowermentthroughinnovation,tradeandinclusivebusiness,andhumancapitaldevelopment1. ADDRESS thebarriersthatimpedemaximizingwomen’sfulleconomic
potential2. PROMOTE women’sparticipationandskillsdevelopmentinscience,
technology,engineering,artsandmathematics(S.T.E.A.M.),includinginformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT)
3. INVEST inprogramswhichprovideenablingenvironmentsforwomenmicro,smallandmediumenterprises(MSMEs)
4. INCREASE women’srepresentationandleadershipintheworkforceattheexecutiveandmanagerialpositionsbyintensifyinghumancapitaldevelopment
5. ENCOURAGE PUBLICANDPRIVATESECTORCOLLABORATION6. CONSIDER organizinganannualASEANWomen’sBusinessConference
ActionAgendaonMainstreamingWEEinASEAN
Women,PeaceandSecurity:aTransformativeAgenda
CALL forwomen’sfullandmeaningfulparticipationandleadershipinalleffortsto
maintainpeaceandsecurityincludingrespondingto
NEWTHREATS
ADVOCATE fortheinclusionofwomeninconflictprevention,transitionandpeace
processes
RECOGNISE thatwomenandgirlsexperience
conflictdifferentlythanmen,andsuchnuance
requirestailoredattentionandexpertise
ASEANConnectivity
PhysicalConnectivity
InstitutionalConnectivity
People-to-People
Connectivity
ASEANConnectivity2025ToachieveaseamlesslyandcomprehensivelyconnectedandintegratedASEANthatwillpromotecompetitiveness,inclusiveness,andagreatersenseofCommunity.
Sustainableinfrastructure
Digitalinnovation
Seamlesslogistics
Regulatoryexcellence
Peoplemobility
Digitalinnovation
Strategicobjectives1.Supporttheadoptionoftechnologybymicro,smallandmediumenterprises(MSMEs)
2.Supportfinancialaccessthroughdigitaltechnologies
3.ImproveopendatauseinASEANMemberStates
4.SupportenhanceddatamanagementinASEANMemberStates
Keyinitiatives1.EnhancetheMSMEtechnologyplatform
2.DeveloptheASEANdigitalfinancialinclusionframework
3.EstablishanASEANopendatanetwork
4.EstablishanASEANdigitaldatagovernanceframework
ASEANmechanismsundertakingDigitalinnovation
Initiatives Leadimplementingbody Otherimplementingbody/stakeholders
1.EnhancetheMSMEtechnologyplatform
ACCMSME TELSOM
2.DevelopanASEANdigitalfinancialinclusionframework
WorkingCommitteeonFinancialInclusion(WC-FINC)
Nationalregulators
3.EstablishanASEANopendatanetwork
TELSOM SEOM,SOMED,SOMHD,ACSSCommittee,Governmentagencies
4.EstablishanASEANdigitaldatagovernanceframework
TELSOM SEOM,SOMED,SOMHD,Governmentagencies
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RaiseawarenessintheASEANregionontheengagementofmenandboysasagentsofchangeinespousinggenderequality1
AnchorASEANandtheMemberStates’positioninpromotinggenderequality2
ShowcasetheMemberStates’ongoingsupporttoHeForShe campaignandrelated/similarcampaignswhichculminatesintoregionalcampaign3ServeasalaunchpadforHeForShe’s ensuingactivitiessuchasnationalandregionalrecognitionawards,youthengagementandinnovativemediaplatform,amongother
4
5
Objectives
JOINTSTATEMENTONWOMEN,PEACEANDSECURITYINASEAN
ACWCaskeyproponentofJSWPSwasregardedasoneofkeysectoralbodiestomoveforwardwithitsimplementation
Adoptedat31st SummitinNovember2017
Emphasizesontheimportanceofwomen’sequal,fullandeffectiveparticipationatallstagesofpeaceprocesses.
Hasreceivedattentionfromvariousstakeholders;AUREDIV,ASEAN-AustraliaWomen,PeaceandSecurityDialogueandAIPR(plusUNWomenonPVE)
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REGIONALVAWGDATAGUIDELINES(UNWOMEN)
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Not mandatory and can be used by data analysts and managers instatistics agencies, ministries and organizations that deal with datarelated to VAWG
Can inform decisions related to VAWG data and be used to advocate formore and better data on VAWG.
Equip AMS to generate reliable data and evidence as inputs to strategiesat national and regional levels to prevent and respond to VAWG, and toreport on SDGs targets and indicators related to ending VAWG, .
Strengthen the capacity of AMS to systematically collect and use datarelated to VAWG through the development and dissemination of theseASEAN VAWG Data Guidelines
1
2
4
3
(Innovative?)Waysforward:ImplementingGenderEqualityinASEAN
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Innovativepartnership
Goingbeyondthe“social”realms
Inclusiveadvocacy andawareness-raising
UnderstandingIntersectionality1
2
4
3
5
Rethinkingresources
Challengesinactualising GenderEqualitythroughGenderMainstreaminginASEAN
31
Continuityandsustainability
Impactfuladvocacy,effectivecoordination andgender-awarefocalpoints
Integratinggenderintoexistingmandatesandworkratherthananadd-onelement
UnderstandingofGenderMainstreaminganditspracticalapplicabilityvis-à-visASEANsectoralbodiesandtheirwork1
2
4
3
5
Resources;financialresources,humanresourcesandgenderknowledgeandknow-how
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PROBLEMLAB
1) ASEANDeclarationonInnovation
TheDeclarationwasledbytheASEANEconomicCommunityPillar(AEC).ThereisnocleargenderagendaembeddedintheDeclaration.Howthencouldwemakesurethatintheimplementationandtheroll-outoftheDeclaration,women’sempowermentespeciallywomen’seconomicempowermentandeconomicjusticeistakenintoaccountandstreamlinedthroughouttheprocess?
2)ASEANactionagendaonWomen’sEconomicEmpowerment(WEE)
IstheactionagendarecipeforWomen’sEconomicEmpowermentandGenderEquality?
Whatelsecouldbeaddressedtoenhancetheactionagendafromlegalandjusticepointsofview?
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3) TheACWCandACWarecommittedtopromoteWomen,PeaceandSecurityagendainASEAN.However,WPSagendaisnewandcanbeconsideredsensitiveintheASEANregionwithitsdiversecoverageofissuesfromviolenceagainstwomenandgirls,disastermanagement,resilience,access tojusticeandwomen’sparticipationinpeaceprocesses.
https://asean.org/storage/2017/11/8.-ADOPTION_Joint-Statement-on-Promoting-Women-Peace-and-Security-in-ASEANACWC-Endorsed_rev2.pdf
4) ASEANDeclarationontheEliminationofViolenceagainstWomen(andGirls)andtheRegionalPlanofActionontheEliminationofViolenceagainstWomen
https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Women/WG/ASEANdeclarationVaW_violenceagainstchildren.pdf
HowistheempowermentofwomenenvisagedintheseDeclarations/JointStatementsandensuingpolicydirections?Howisgenderunderstoodineachofthesetexts?
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