major gods & goddesses - suffolk public schools...

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Homer’s Epics

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Major Olympians

Who are these gods and goddesses and why are they so important

to the story???

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Where did it all start?

Mt. Olympus, Greece. Ancient

Greeks/Romans believed this to be the home of the

Olympians

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Zeus/Jupiter

King of the gods, ruler of the sky.

His symbols are: Thunderbolt Oak tree Eagle Aegis (in some stories)

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Poseidon/Neptune

Brother of Zeus. God of the sea. His symbols are:

Trident Sea horse dolphin

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Hades/Pluto

Brother of Zeus. God of the Underworld & wealth.

His symbols are: Bident Pomegranate Invisibility cap Cerberus

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Hera / Juno

Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage Her symbols are:

Peacock Cow Cuckoo

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Demeter/Ceres

Sister to Zeus. Goddess of the harvest & grain.

Her symbols are: Cornucopia Sheaf of wheat

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Hesta/Vesta

Sister to Zeus. Goddess of the hearth/home.

Her symbols are: Fireplace Sacred fire

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Athena/Minerva

Goddess of Wisdom, strategic battle.

Born from Zeus’ head.

Her symbols are: Owl Aegis Olive tree Loom

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Ares/Mars

God of war. Son of Zeus & Hera. His symbols are:

Vulture Dogs Wild boar Sword

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Apollo

Son of Zeus & Leto. God of the sun,

music. Oracle at Delphi His symbols are:

Golden bow/arrows Lyre Laurel tree Sun

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Artemis/Diana

Daughter of Zeus & Leto. Goddess of the moon &

wild animals. Her symbols are:

Silver bow/arrows Stag Deer Moon

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Aphrodite/Venus

Goddess of love & beauty.

Her symbols are: Dove Swan Roses

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Hephaestus/Vulcan

God of the forge. Son of Zeus & Hera. Lame.

His symbols are: Anvil Fire Hammer Quail

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Alternates to the main 12

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Hermes/Mercury

Son of Zeus & Semele. God of thieves, divine herald, messenger

god. His symbols are:

Winged hat/sandals Caduceus Crane

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Dionysus/Bacchus

God of wine, revelry His symbols are:

Ivy Grapes

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Olympian Family Tree

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Homer Legendary early Greek poet (850

BC. to 750 BC.) traditionally credited with The Iliad and The Odyssey.

For the Greeks of the 7th century BC. these books were their history. Their past had been obliterated by the destruction of Mycenaean Civilization.

Traditionally depicted as a blind minstrel, not a storyteller.

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The Iliad

What started the whole thing? Who is fighting over what?

Or…..whom?????

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In the beginning…

Wedding of Peleus & Thetis “For the Fairest” Judgment of Paris

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Trojans Priam - King of Troy

Hecuba - Queen of Troy

Hector - Eldest Son, leader of the Trojan Army

Paris - Son, cause of war

Cassandra - daughter, prophetess

Polyxena - daughter

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Greeks

Agamemnon - King of Mycenae, Leader of Greek Army

Meneleus - King of Lakonia, Brother of Agamemnon & husband to Helen

Odysseus - King of Ithaca, our hero

Ajax - second greatest hero, big baby

Nestor - only one to have a happy life

And the greatest of all……..

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Achilles

Death of Penthesilea

Dragging body of Hector

Son of Peleus & Thetis Styx immunity greatest warrior

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Greek Text

“Sing in me, Muse, and through me tell the story of that man skilled in all ways of contending, the wanderer, harried for years on end, after he plundered the stronghold on the proud height of Troy.”

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Our Hero, Odysseus

Home: Ithaka Wife: Penelope Son: Telemachus Occupation:

Farmer/Warrior Problem: Lost

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Elements of a Greek Hero

Intelligence Wit Cunning Bravery Help of the gods

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Adventures of Odysseus

Circe

scylla

Charybdis

Sun-god

Cattle

Polyphemus

Sirens

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Odyssey Map

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Back on the island…

Penelope is besieged with suitors who have moved into Odysseus’ home

She is just as cunning as Odysseus

They are scheming to kill Telemachus and become king

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Heinrich Schliemann

Born: January 6, 1822 in Neu-Buckow / Mecklenburg Germany

Died: December 26, 1890 in Naples / Italy

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Where is this Troy?? Troy (Hisarlik) lies on the western edge of Modern Turkey Bronze Age Greece Excavated ~1850 IX layers of different Troys Troy VIIa: ca. 1300–1190 BC

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Father of Modern Archaeology

Walled city of Troy then

After partial excavation

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Priam’s Treasure

His wife Sophia wearing part of the treasure. Disputes about authenticity.

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Links with the past

“I have gazed on the face of Agamemnon.”

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Now

What does all this mean for us? What can we learn from the past?