magnetic confinement fusion research at university of

Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research at University of Saskatchewan

C. Xiao and STOR-M teamPlasma Physics Laboratory

University of Saskatchewany f

Saskatoon, Canada

\

OutlineOutline

What is a tokamak?Progresses in the worldT k k R h t U i it f Tokamak Research at University of

SaskatchewanNext stepPlan A: ST-40Plan B: STOR-U

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Magnetic Confinement FusionMagnetic Confinement Fusion A charged particle circulates around the magnetic field lines

Cross‐fieldmotionisrestricted

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Chamber Wall

Tokamak Bend solenoid to form

closed magnetic field linesg

circular field line

without ends

no end-loss.

Transformer action d h i produces a huge current in

the chamber

Current heats the C

plasma Tokamak: abbreviation of Russian words for toroidal magnetic chamber

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1994:1994:TFTR in USA used D-T fuel to produce 10 MW fusion

Picture credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak_Fusion_Test_Reactor#/media/File:TFTR_1989.jpg

1997:d dJET (UK) produced 16 MW

Fusion Power for 22 MW input powerp p

Picture credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_European_Torus#/media/File:JointEuropeanTorus external

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Torus#/media/File:JointEuropeanTorus_external.jpg

International Thermonuclear E i t l R t (ITER)Experimental Reactor (ITER) Will be the largest tokamak in the world

International collaboration with 7 partners China, EU, India, Japan, Korea, Russia, USA

C d i f i Canada is not part of it

Cadarache, southern France

Start operation in about 7 years Start operation in about 7 years

Demonstrate net power gain

Cost >$20b

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Cost $20b

a = 2.0 mR = 6.2 mPower:500 MW fusion500 MW fusion73 MW heating

Weight >23,000 Tonnes

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Human sizehttps://www.iter.org/

ITER is making concrete d l d and solid progresses

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https://www.iter.org/

htt // it /

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https://www.iter.org/

https://www.iter.org/

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Fusion Forum, Edmonton, Nov. 4, 201712https://www.iter.org/

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Fast progress vs Moore’s LawFast progress vs. Moore’s Law

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Tokamak at UofSTokamak at UofS Tokamak Research at the University of Saskatchewan Lab established in 1959 by Prof. H. Skarsgard First Canadian tokamak STOR-1M (early 1980s, A

Hirose)

STOR-M (built in 1987,A. Hirose), now only tokamak in Canada

Compact torus injector added (Mid 90s, C. Xiao)(Larger TdeV tokamak program in Quebec was terminated in mid 1990s)

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Professors with PPLProfessors with PPL

L. CouedleM. Bradley C. XiaoA. Smolyakov

A HiroseH Skarsgard A. HiroseProf. Emeritus

H. SkarsgardProf. Emeritus

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STOR-M Tokamak

Construction started in 1984Co st uct o sta te 984Operational since 1987Still active as the only tokamak in Canada

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USCTI connected to STO

CT t ti d f lli gCT t ti d f lli gCT penetration and fuellingCT penetration and fuelling

High density, high velocity and small CT to fuel the tokamak core directly

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y

Tokamak Research at UofSTokamak Research at UofS TraininggTrained a large number of students, PDFs, RAsMaintained Canadian expertise in magnetic p g

confinement fusion researchA respected member in research using small A respected member in research using small

tokamakso Member of IAEA-CRP-Research using small fusion o Member of IAEA CRP Research using small fusion

deviceso Hosted 2015 IAEA joint experiment on STOR-Mj p

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Innovative contributions (examples)Innovative contributions (examples)

AC operationpConceived and tested on STOR-1M (~1 kA)

and STOR-M (10 kA) for 1.5 cycles. ( ) . y .Followed by JET (1 MA), and HT-7 (continuous)

CT injectionCT injectionFuelling technology development10 Hz repetitive operation (world record)Working for 50 Hz (needed for ITER fuelling)

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Next step proposed in Fusion 2030Next step proposed in Fusion 2030

Plan A: New for us

Plan B: Brand new

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Plan A: ST-40$25M it l t $2 5M/ ti$25M capital cost, $2.5M/yr operation a prototype machine with full of new ideasyHigh temperature superconducting coilHigh magnetic field.g gBeing built at Tokamak Energy Ltd., UK as their

prototype machineprototype machine

Negotiable for transfer to UofS H t t d di i i A 2015Have started discussions since Aug. 2015.

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• High toroidal field up to 3T,LN2 cooled copper magnetmagnet

• Plasma major radius 0.4 -0.6m,R/a = 1.6 -1.8

• Moderate elongation (k ~ • Moderate elongation (k ~ 2.5) and triangularity (d~ 0.3), DNDPl 2MA

m/c coils

• Plasma current up to 2MA• Pulse duration 1-10 sec• 2MW NBI + EBW/ECRH

heating; Li conditioning• Possibility of DT ops• m/c plasma formation p f

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Plan B: STOR-U$40 100M t b ilt $25M/ ti$40-100M to built, $25M/yr operationDesigned at UofS PPLgsimplified tokamak design: removal of central

solenoid and replacement with coaxial helicity injection will be tested.Quasi-steady state operation: AC operation will

b d dbe considered innovative technology development

Larger and higher parameters than the previous Canadian TdeV tokamak

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Thank you!

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