macromineral

BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS: It maintains Intracellular Osmotic pressure,acid

base balance. Involves in cardiac & skeletal muscle activities,

Mainly K+ required in depolarization & contraction of Heart.

Involved proper transmission of Nerve Impulses. Pyruvate kinase(of glycolysis) needs K+. Involved in Biosynthesis of proteins.

Absorption is efficient(90%). Normal Serum Potassium 3.5 – 5 meq/L (Cell

contain 100 – 120 meq/L). Excretion is through urine, during absorption

of Na+ there is obligatory loss of K+, Aldosterone increases K+ excretion.

DAILY REQUIREMENT AND SOURCES Potassium Total body potassium is 3500 meq

75% in skeletal muscle. Daily requirement 3-4 gm/day Banana, Orange, Potato, beans, Liver etc.

Rich Source is Tender coconut water.

Hypokalemia Serum K+ less than 3 meq/L Cushing syndrome Renal tubular acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis, Diarrhea & vomiting In Diabetic coma treatment with Insulin &

Glucose Diuretics. Muscle weakness, Tachycardia ,Cardiac arrest.

Hyperkalemia Renal failure Addison’s disease Severe dehydration. Intravenous administration of fluids with

excessive potassium salts. Depression of CNS, Bradycardia.

The adult body contains about 20g magnesium.

70% is present in bones and 30% in soft tissue and body fluids.

2-3mg/dl 350mg/day Cereals,nuts beans,vegetables,meat milk and

fruits.

BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS. Bones and teeth Cofactor for enzymes requiring

ATP,Hexokinase,glucokinase,phosphofructokinase,adenylate cyclase etc.

Neuromuscular function.

ABSORPTION. Specific carrier system Large amounts of calcium,phosphate and

alcohol diminish Mg absorption.

Mostly organic form. Methionine,cysteine.cystin. Proteins contain about 1% sulfur by weight.

BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS. Structural conformation and biological function

of proteins.The disulfide linkages (-S-S-) and sulfhydral groups(-SH). Thiamin,biotin,lipoic acid,pantathenic acid. Heparin,Chondroitin

sulphate,glutathione,taurocholic acid etc, PAPS in the synthesis of

glycosaminoglycans,detoxification mechanism. S-adenosylmethionine in transmethylation

reactions.

EXCRETION Oxidized to sulfate in the liver and excreted in

urine. Inorganic sulfate(80%),organic or conjugated

or etheral sulfate(10%) and unoxidized (10%). The unoxidized sulpfur is in the form of sulfur

containing aminoacids and thiocynates.