lrb - osti.gov

KR0101299

KAERI/TR-1833/2001

Determination of Design Parameters ofLead-Rubber Bearings by Characterization Tests

PLEASE BE AWARE THATALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT

WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK

2000^ LRB

2001. 4.

LRB(Lead-Rubber Bearing)

bilinear JE^-i;

- 111 -

- LRBi2] o l ^ 7 ^ £ - bilinear £ . 1 ^ O]AOV^^- ^. 0^4. o

- IV -

SUMMARY

I . Project Title

Determination of Design Parameters of Lead-Rubber Bearings by

Characterization Tests

I I . Purpose and Importance on the Research

A lead-rubber bearing (LRB) is commonly used as a seismic isolator

for the seismic protection of bridges. Seismic isolation systems reduce

transmitted forces to the structure by introducing sufficiently flexible

supports between the upper structure and base mat and dissipating a

significant amount of earthquake energy. In general, acceptable isolation

systems will: Remain stable for required design displacements; provide

increasing resistance with increasing displacement; not degrade under

repeated cyclic load; and have quantifiable engineering parameters.

Dynamic properties of isolation systems, which are main parameters

affecting the safety of structures, are different from isolation types and

manufacturers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effective

stiffness and equivalent damping of the KR LRB through horizontal

shear tests and to demonstrate acceptability of proposed design

procedures and models for LRB seismic isolation systems.

III. Scope and Contents of the Research

This report includes characterization tests of LRB provided by KR

Industrial Co. and also includes evaluation of effective stiffness and

equivalent damping ratio of LRB. With test data, dynamic properties of

LRB are reviewed and design procedures proposed by KR, Japan, and

United States are compared and revised. Two bilinear models of LRB

are proposed. One is obtained from hysteresis loop, the other is based

on mechanical property data of laminated rubber and lead plug.

Comparison of analysis results with test results for a bridge

scaled-model is performed to show the applicability of proposed

bilinear models.

IV. Results of the Research and Suggestion for the Application

Based on the review and evaluation of the KR LRB design

parameters and procedures, following conclusions are drawn.

- Design parameters of LRB, effective stiffness and equivalent

damping, are significantly influenced by horizontal loading

frequency and vertical load.

- Hysteretic behavior of LRB can be idealized by a bilinear model.

The initial stiffness of the model must be determined with

accuracy.

- LRB design procedures proposed by the KR Industrial Co. may be

applicable to determine effective stiffness, but some modifications

are needed to determine equivalent damping.

- vi -

CONTENTS

SUMMARY v

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

Chapter 2. Properties of LRB 3

Section 1. General Properties 3

Section 2. Properties of the KR Bearing 11

Chapter 3. LRB Test 13

Section 1. Test Specimen • •• 13

Section 2. Test Facilities 19

Section 3. Test Procedure 19

Chapter 4. Test Results 25

Section 1. Horizontal Shear Test 25

Section 2. Post-Test Investigation of Specimen 41

Chapter 5. Comparison of LRB Parameters and Design Procedure

Section 1. LRB Parameters 45

Section 2. Design Procedures 48

Section 3. Modelling of Hysteresis Curve 51

Chapter 6. Conclusions 57

References 59

Appendix 1. Summary Tables of Horizontal Shear Test 61

Appendix 2. Equivalent Linear Models of LRB 79

Appendix 3. LRB Design Procedures 85

- vn -

Appendix 4. Comparison of Earthquake Behavior of Base-Isolated

Bridges with LRB 91

Appendix 5. Seismic Design Specification of Highway Bridges

- vm -

JL ^ •£: ill

SUMMARY v

KR ^1#£) ^ 11

LRB ^-^A|ig 13

*n 1 3

LRB ^ - ^ x ] ^ •£;$-*] y]iH 45

LRB ^ * 1 45

^7^]^] ti]i2. 48

g-*l 59

1. LRB ^ 3 | ^ i ^ : A l ^ ^2}-5. 61

- IX -

ta 2. LRB5]

3. LRB

4. LRB

. ^ 79

7]2g- tilH 91

3. 2.1 <HaH<y ^ J L ^ %5,4[ Tfk'§n<T 4

S. 3.1 Al^afloj ^ja. *fl€ 13

3 3.2 LRB ^ * | 7 ] - ^ - ^ 2|7>ti0l-^ 23

3. 4.1 -rSj^r^ Aj^a 26

a 5.1 KR LRB^ 'iTfl^-^^l 45

S. 5.2 # £ - A ) i g ^ 5 . - « ^ ^ ^ - LRB ^ - ^ x ] (7>^1 ^ 1 ^ ^ : O.lHz) ••• 46

S. 5.3 ^ ^ - A ] ^ ^ 5 . « - E 1 <^^ LRB 4 ^ * 1 (7]-^l ^ 1 ^ - ^ : 0.5Hz) ••• 46

5 5.4 ^ T E H i g j i ^ f E ] <^^ LRB s -^^ l (7V^1 ^ ^ ^ r : 0.7Hz) ••• 47

a 5.5 ^ A l ^ A S J f B l <£.£- LRB s . ^^1 (7f^l ^ 1 ^ ^ : 0.8Hz) - 47

5. 5.6 £ i E H i g i i ^ . J f E i <^o. L R B S - A ^ I (7]-^l ^ 1 ^ ^ : l.OHz) ••• 48

6 5.7 ^-J l#^o]] tfl^j. ^ ^ ] A I a ] ^ 49

3 . 5.8 ^ -7>^-^«H rfltb ^^1^1 W]35L 50

a 5.9 Bilinear S ^ l ^1*}: LRB #>$*! 56

- xi -

2.1 LRB *§# 3

2.2 ^ A ] ^ ] tfl V uL^3 - g - ^ - ^ ^ 1 - ^ 5

2.3 ^ A ] * } ^ ^*V z\%3L^9\ o ^ ^ d 5

^ 2.4 ^ ^ u I ^ - » A]~g-^ ^ f ^ r ^ °13^Hd 6

ZL^ 2.5 ^ l ^ J L ^ l - Aj-g- V ^ ^ J I ^ O ) ^ . ^ - ^ ^ ^ - 2 ) ^ ^ 7

ZL^ 2.6 ^-^-S] ^ ^ r ^ ^ 8

n ^ 2.7 LRB5] 713M ^ " ^ 9

ZL^ 2.8 LRB5] ol^^-^d 10

ZL%1 2.9 LRB5] bilinear S.^i 10

ZL^ 2.10 KR ^%JL^-^\ ^ ^ - ^ 1 ^ ^ ^ 11

2.11 KR ^-^g-^ ^ i 1 ^ ^ ^ 1^4 11

2.12 KR ^-^-^1 -8-^-^^f- ^ 1 ^ 12

3.1 lOTon LRB A ] ^ ^ O ) ^ ^ ^ ^ 14

3.2 lOTon LRB ^l^^ll^l 4 ^ > 4 plate ^7^ ]£^ 15

& 3.3 200Ton LRB A ] ^ ^ 5 ] ^ T i l i ^ 16

& 3.4 200Ton LRB ^ 1 ^ ^ ] ^ ^-t}^- plate ^ ^ ] J £ ^ 17

& 3.5 A] SH A}*i 18

^ 3.6 A ] ^ * ) 20

^ 3.7 Al^sfl x>3)- ^ ^ ^ J ^ i ^ A l ^ ^ - ^ 21

^ 3.8 ^sj7>xiHo>^:o) o^ X\7J:o}^ (7f^l ^ 1 ^ . ^ O.lHzS]

3-f) 22

^ 4.1 t}-^- Al^^)6|) tfl«}- ^ ^ ^ ^ 1 41^1^1- (0.5Hz^ ^ - f ) ••• 27

^ 4.2 O.lHzofl cfl«^ 6 1 ^ ^ - A J (F102-2) 28

% 4.3 0.5Hzofl cfl^ ^1^^-^ i (F103-2) 28

^ 4.4 0.7Hz<>fl rJftis]- o]?m*i (F106-2) 29

4.5 0.8Hz^] rfltb o l ^ ^ - ^ (F105-3) 29

4.6 l.OHzofl t f l ^ o ] ^ ^ ^ (F105-2) 30

- xn -

4.7 ^ R t ° l ] tiq-g- - f K £ # ^ ^s(- 30

4.8 ^ ^ E E ^ ] ^ ^ f ^ - i ) ^ ^SJ- 31

4.9 zfl^MrS.^ n}-€- :£<HM*13 ^ 31

4.10 OTonofl tfl^ ° 1 ^ ^ (F2001-1) 33

4.11 50Ton^Jl rfltb ° ] ^ ^ d (F2001-3) 33

ZZ.51 4.12 lOOTon^ t } ]^ o ] ^ ^ - ^ (F2001-4) 34

ZL& 4.13 150Ton^l tfl«]- o ] ^ ^ - ^ i (F2001-8) 34

ZZ.5] 4.14 200Tonofl cfl^ o ] ^ ^ . ^ (F2001-7) 35

ZL^ 4.15 < £ ^ B ^ ] x^€- -fr5l7ov^^ ^ s j - 35

] 4.16 < a ^ ^ > # ^ vc^^r ^.7|.^-^fi] ^s ) - 36

4.17 <a^-5->#^ n?-€- 4 : ^ ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ^S)- 36

ZL^ 4.18 * M ^1-oll-ofl ttf^ - f f - J l ^ ^ ^ ^ s j - 38

ZL& 4.19 fl§> * H # * f l n}-€- ^ - 7 } - ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ - 39

ZL^ 4.20 7flo-> A>ol^-ofl n}^- ^AVclluix]^ ^ ^ . 40

ZZ.5J 4.21 Bearing ID. 101S] ^ ^ ^ r ^ 42

ZZ.e] 4.22 Bearing ID. 102^ ^ ^ ^ ^ r ^ •• 42

ZL&j 4.23 Bearing ID. 103^) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 43

ZZ.e] 4.24 Bearing ID. 104S) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 43

ZL^ 4.25 Bearing ID. 105^ ^ ^ •?• S ^ 44

ZL& 4.26 Bearing ID. 1063} ^ * | ^ ^ ^ 44

ei 5.1 -fi-317^^1 rHtt -iTllA1 y l S 49

^ 5.2 ^7>#£]«]cfl rfl^- -gTfl-i] tilS 50

5.3 o]AoVg}.s| L R B ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ T i l ^ - ^ 51

5.4 7f^ l^£ ^ ^ i ^ r ^ ^ l - ^ tflt!: ^ - ^ ^ £ ^ ^ ^ - 54

5.5 LRB o ] ^ ^ - A l ^ 3 . ^ (F102-2) 55

- xin -

1=3} (Seismic Isolation System 3E.Tr- Base Isolation System)^:

LS.*] ZL 7 l ^

]^-1(1992^)^

7\, -5-}

711 3. 71^-1: ^ ^ ^ ^ Si«Ho> t > ^ ^ ^ 2 ] ^ ] 71 ^

ZL 7l^#

;*] «y-^.^ ^ ^s\.6\] tfl

LRB(Lead-Rubber Bearing)

lOTon fpS.£] LRB #rfc A] aflfi}- 200Ton ff-S.fi! ^ 1 3.7} $\

-a^l^-a- tal51§>S-^^ LRB

LRB I m

2.12}-

2.1 LRB

O ] H . 7 M * 1

i p ^ A}-g-i5-Hr

0)5]]^ 3.711

fe 5- 2.154

(IRHD + 2)

(kgf/cm2)

(X104 kgf/cm2)

2 . 2 ^

-8-^°!

200-300%^

700% 3}S.<*H*|

<r G=3.5 kgf/cm2^

G=4.5kgf/cm2

G=3.5kgf/cm*

200 400 600 800

(a) 500-7X J4G = 4.5 koiycm2

<£ 250

J? 200

I 1 1 1

; i\ /

100 % 200 %

0 2 4 6 8 10

' d ^ ^ - r ] (mm)

(b) 500-3.75 X 26 *1 ^ *)1 (Si =33)G = 4.5 kgf/cm2

2.3^ •%•% 300 kgf/cm2

Si 4- O^*L#6\ 71^-7H

_ +301 +20 -"S, +10— 0tf - io£ -20

a-100 kgf/cm2

r- = ±200< 3iaT

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300(mm)

^ - 3 0

- o I—I—

H- - 2 0

„ -30"e +20 •

i 0« -10£ -20

= 150 kgf/cm2

= ±200 9£x 3 si

•*•

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300(mm)

o = 200kgf/cm2

r == ±200 1%X

-300 -200 -100 0' +100 +200 +300(mm)

ts~1 0

ft--20

* - 3 0

_ + 3 0'e +20o

I f -20

•^-30

r'-= 100 kgf/cm2

= ± . 3 IsJ

— H .—J

i-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300

£ (mm)

r == 150 kgf/cm2

-300 -ZOO -100 0 +100 +200 +300(mm)

•r = 200 kgf/cm2

V=±300.'

. ^ — •

——• ~ *

« - -

I*« 2

r=±200%X3®

= J - i -

0 = 2n

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300(mm)

ff = 200kgf/c'm2

?="150 kgf

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300t- (mm)

500-3.75X26 *G = 3.5 kgf/cm2

S-=iool/cm2

kgf/cm2

-300 -200 -100 0 +100 +200 +300$.¥3:12 (mm)

±200% ^

fe ±300%

50- No. Si

33331818

200 kgf/cm2 45.1 cm"300 37.7200 47.1300 42.2

G= 4.5 kgf /cm2

~D = 50cm52 = 5

000 Z 00SI 0001 OOS

§n|d 4-1 "«

"*. W///X\ i 1

t ///)L///

t wwww• ' !Y///A

%000'l

WhST k-ta-|D

fe 1.30.15 kgf/mm2

330 °C

Aflg. nfl

bilinear

2.8)-§- 2.93]- ;y>g. bilinear

J iflcd

1 , •

plug LR13

2.7 LRB^l 7l7lH ^

ffi ffi : 65 kg/cm'&--4.6, 5,-28.8

2.8 LRBSl

- 2 5 0 - 2 0 0 - 1 5 0 - 1 0 0 - 5 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 {%)

- 6 0 - 5 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 - 2 0 - 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (cm)

2.9 LRB^ bilinear

- 10 -

KR ^1#^ ^2.10:4 2.11^ zfzj-

ZL^ 2 . 1 2 ^

§ 7.2

1-j- —-

£x Alis): :?0l: 2.9 cm

0 x 20 cm'

^ S ( g : 36.7 TonB ^ E : 150mm/min

Stroke (mm)

2.10 KR

3 4000E75

m^ ."_--5--" V -

< |,M -A3---" :

j ' • -\ f = " } ^ . | i

10 20 30Displacement (mm)

2.11 KR

- 11 -

[• • •

/r Y = 0

to.8296

) * X + 79.9 95 57 31 8

50 100 150Shear Strain (%)

2.12 KR

: Gr = 7.258 kgf/cm2

= 84.5 kgf/cm2

7y= 7.8%

0 = 1,083.0 kgf/cm2

1 = 58.0 kgf/cm2 (±

- 12 -

lOTon LRB 77h 200Ton LRB 27fl

HSJ 3.1-5 #3: ) . ^ A] ^

^ ^ / ^ ^ §

(Ao^>-?- plate ^ | ^ )

lOTon LRB

150/30mm

4mmXl4# = 56mm

3mmxl3f = 39mm

030 X 142mm(7.07cm2)

200Ton LRB

200Ton

521/lOOmm

248.5mm

9.5mm X15# = 142.5mm

3mmXl4f = 42mm

0100 x 245mm(78.54cm2)

13.71, 3.66A

9.38, 2.6801^, 200Ton LRB^

^ 20-35, ^ 50IAJ-

s-*l lOTon

7.258 kg/cm2, 84.5 kg/cm2

- 13 -

r5t- a-

- 14 -

£1Usi

<0•3

nnenSB

- 15 -

a3inKnoctOK

oooC\J

• \ l

••' . • /

'-- E-

1• ti r

§ |OCVJ |iCD I

— r i

- 16 -

IW11 SIf 3:It - <KILJ oFT r'.U

«J r t<3 Oil=* 3i» s

l ^ol'w.

•"?<

noOil!

OKIHSK

If•7JOh

; * ! • • ( '

f \ '•

n-ltil: |

ofwwCQ

- 17 -

- 18 -

LRB ^ A ] - ^ f l 3 H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l * ^

>4 ] ^ ] J] l ^^ r ^^1^>ZL lOOTon

actuator 1- ^ 2 l ^ S . 2ifl(^cfl stroke: ±7511101), ^ H M K ^ - S . 1^(^

tfl stroke: ± 125mm)# * l* l^H ^ I M ) ^ ^ U " ^ = ^ - ^ ^ ^ 200Ton

actuator^ r>

roller

actuator5]-

- lOTon LRB^l

200Ton

^}ZL 10%

3.7^ lOTon LRB ^

lOTon LRB A^oflA-] ^ j > ^ ^ ^ ] g ^ ]

^ ^ - ^ ^>^-A]?J o ] x ^ A ^ Z l ^ 3.83lf

200Ton LRB

- 19 -

m Specimen

Reaction Floor

lOOTonActimtor

Specimen lOOTon Actuator

Inaction Floor

* • —

(a) LRB

- 21 -

0oo. -50to

-100 -

V V V -•' i I i ; 1 M

i i ! i I i

I ; ! i

i"l \h\rt\\-i l i r i n i

100 200Time (sec)

i i i i :I-4.

n- ' r - - " I - - } •

ii 1 !

' 1100 200

Time (sec)

3.8 °m X\7J-o]^ ( 7 ^ O.lHzS]

- 22 -

JSSI fl-3 1-21 LRB

5. 3.2 LRB

*™ Kr (tf/cm)

Keq (tf/cm)

cycled]

cycled

•i- T"0

3g 7V * '

i ..±30%

±100%^

# 3cycle

3cycle ^r

i-i: Q^

x) ± 20 %

- 23 -

lOTon ^ 200Ton LRB Il tf l^ ^ s g ^ A ^ vf]-§--§: 5. 4.

4 . S 4 H A l ^^ l ^ ( B e a r i n g ID) 101-106^ lOTon LRB

20013zf 2002^ 200Ton LRB1-

^ actuator^ ^^-$\

1. 1 ^ l^^ l ^€ ^ ^ ^ 1ZL^ 4.2^A-^«-E] ZL^ 4.6S] o | a ^ A ^ ^ . ^ 7|_^] x l ^ - ^ o.l, 0.5, 0.7,

0.8 3J l.OHzol] t f l^ lOTon LRB^ A] ^ 3 4 0 1 4 . n ^ 4.25.^-^ ^ ^ i g

^ # 200%ofl*\ Z-^&l ^5} -^^° ] ^ ^ ^ ^ yi-ir <£ ^ °M. =L^ 4.7,

4.8 ^ 4.9^

120% OJ

% ^ LRB

ZL ^ ]

- 25 -

TEST MATRIX FOR KR LEAD RUBBER BEARINGS

Filename

F101-15

F101-16

F102-1

F102-2

F103-1

F103-2

F104-1

F104-2

F105-1

F105-2

F105-3

F105-4

F106-1

F106-2

F2001-1

F2001-2

F2001-3

F2001-4

F2001-5

F2001-6

F2001-7

F2001-8

F2002-6

F2002-7

F2002-8

F2002-9

F2002-10

BearingID

forpndimnary

VerticalLoad(Ton)

HorizontalLoading ,

Freq.(Hz)0.1

DurationTime(sec)

285.66

285.79

285.84

285.78

Max.Strain

Remarks

Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200%

Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, (150)%

Strain: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125%

Strain: 10, 25, 40, 50, 75, 100%

Strain: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50%

- 26 -

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20

Displacement (mm)

(a)F103-2

40 60 80

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20

Displacement (mm)

(b)F104-2

4.1 r}€-

- 17 -

-120 -80 -40 0 40 80Displacement (mm)

ZL^ 4.2 0.1Hz<*H tflSV ojej^-Al (F102-2)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20

Displacement (mm)

n e i 4 ^ n 5H7<>I] tfl*V o l s } ^ . ;

40 60 80

(F103-2)

- 28 -

-60 -40 -20 0 20

Displacement (mm)

4.4 0.7Hz<>fl (F106-2)

-50 -40 -30 - 2 0 - 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50

Displacement (mm)

4.5 (F105-3)

- 29 -

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20Displacement (mm)

4.6 1.0Hz<H] tflsv ° l ^ < d (F105-2)

> 0.4 -

Loading rate

0.1 Hz

-e 0.7HZ

-& 0.8HZ

-^ i.OHz ;

40I ' I—

80 120

Strain (%)

160 200

- 30 -

Loading rate—-€> 0.1 Hz ,

S 0.5Hz I...0.7Hz |0.8Hz | -1.0Hz |

40 80 120Strain (%)

160 200

100 120

- 31 -

2. ^ ^ 1 ^ ^ l l qg ^ £ |ZL^ 4.10^1^-r-Bl ZL^ 4.14^ o ] ^ ^ ^ ^ 2\z\ 200Ton

^ 0, 50, 100, 150

4.15, 4.16 * 4 .17^ AA &^\^Z\ 3.7)o]} cfl*V

^ i ^ o f l M ^ l ^ ^5}-!- £Al«l- ^o]rf.

4.15^- ^ 3 ] * } ^ aL7loil rcfsfA-] LRB l -fi-Jl^^ol 3.7]}

200Ton

- 32 -

-100 -

-150 -

/• - - £ . - • - • .

< • 1

r m s = ^ —

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40

Displacement (mm)

ZL^ 4.10 OTon ll rfl^ ° l ^ * i (F2001-1)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Displacement (mm)

4.11 (F2001-3)

- 33 -

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Displacement (mm)

4.12 100Ton°fl rfl^- o ] e j ^ * | (F2001-4)

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Displacement (mm)

4.13 150Ton°fl tflSV ° l ^ * l (F2001-8)

- 34 -

i ' i ' r-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40

Displacement (mm)

H ^ 4.14 200Ton<>fl t f l ^ o ] ^ ^ - ^ (F2001-7)

•%. 3 -

Vertical load- O P=0Ton- B -

—e-P=50TonP=100TonP=150TonP=200TonP=200Ton

(Static)

- - B"A-

20 30Strain (%)

- 35 -

•= 0.3 -

—©•-

Vertical load— 0 P=O.OTon—E3 P=50Ton •— © P=1OOTon—£s P=150Ton— V P=200Ton

- P=200Ton• (Static) ;

.-- -£r-.

20 30Strain (%)

2 0 0 0 0 - --•

15000 -

10000 -

Vertical load

I—| p—q.OTon

0 P-1 OOTonasr— P=150TonT-7 P — OOOTon

• . / /

: . . A '

o..••'• I D • " " ' " '

• — • ' •

V, • /

•' A

/ / '• • ' /

- 36 -

3. ^fl*> A>o]a.6fl Oj-S. S - ^

ZL^ 4.18, 4.19 ^ 4 .20^

o)] 71 Si ^ % ^

3.2S] LRB ^ ^ ^J7

4.18^1 A ^ B ! zisi 4.207}x] 51 1 ^ 1 - sLig Bt-1^^-^- <y-

- 37 -

Effective stiffness (kN/mm) Effective stiffness (kN/mm) Effective stiffness (kN/mm)

H-i0 0

—*II

—h||

• - -O

3rd cycle I

Loading cycle

Effective stiffness (kN/mm)oin

s a i5

120160

Effective stiffness (kN/mm)

Equivalent Damping (%) Equivalent Damping (%) Equivalent Damping (%)

o ois)

ots)09

oCOfs)

—hII

dJ|iiSL,

Equivalent Damping (%)

ofs)00

Equivalent Damping (%)

• • 4 =CDD .

4000 -

3000 -

2000 -

£ 1000 -•CDc

o••Z3

••oTOQ.

1600 -

o 1200 -COQ .

S 800 -

* 400 -

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Displacement (mm)

(a)f=0.1Hz

Loading cycle

1st cycle

2nd cycle

3rd cycle \

4th cycle

20 40 60

Displacement (mm)

(b)f=0.5Hz

IOUU -

1200 -

Loading cycle

0 1 st cycle

E 2nd cycle \

0 3rd cycle

& 4th cycle

1200Loading cycle

1st cycle

2nd cycle

3rd cycle

4th cycle

10 20 30 40

Displacement (mm)

(c)f=0.7Hz

50 10 20 30 40

Displacement (mm)

(d)f=0.8Hz

Loading cycle1st cycle

2nd cycle

3rd cycle

4th cycle

10 20 30

Displacement(mm)

(e)f=1.0Hz

4.20 7fl§>

- 40 -

l 4.21^^-15] ZL^ 4.26£-

lOTon LRB^l ifl^- i&^i-i: J i < ^ 4 - H ^ 4.21s}- 4.22^

l Al^*> 3 - f o l ^ , H ^ 4.23^r 150%?}*], Z L ^ 4.24

l H ^ 4.254 4.26^r 1 0 0 % ^ l

200%?}*! A ] ^ ^ - ^4-oflfe

^-*1 Bearing ID. 101 ( n ^ 4.21)^1

3.7} tt)]^-o)]

&t\-. ILZ\E.3.

- 41 -

Beariri : 101

4.21 Bearing ID. 10151

inirJDi.-: 102

• : ' ; j . : ; . . • _ • : : : • , ; _ . ; ; ; ^ ; ; . ; . - : ; . : . ; : . : ; ; - . ; : ; . ; • • . ! -4 i

4.22 Bearing ID. 102^

- 42 -

4.23 Bearing ID. 103^

Bearing ID : 104

4.24 Bearing ID. 104S]

- 43 -

4.25 Bearing ID. 1055]

Bearing 113 •: 106

4.26 Bearing ID. 1065]

- 44 -

^ lOTon LRB

PHIj- 3 #2:) oil

5.1 KR LRB^

(kgf/cm)

(0)0.31

(kgf • cm)

12,431

15,796

19,160

25,890

5.2«sflA^Jf El &

*> lOTon LRB

1^ AA 0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, l.OHz

- 45 -

5. 5.2 -£, LRB ^ : O.lHz)

(kgf/cm)

(kgf • cm)

12,083

17,568

22,902

28,578

41,988

S. 5.3 ^ LRB : 0.5Hz)

7 (%) : (mm)

24.1 13.5

48.4 27.1

74.1 . 41.5

98.0 54.9

115 64.4

(kgf/cm)

(0)0.33

(kgf - cm)

11,859

15,908

17,971

- 46 -

5.4 ^ L R B m : 0.7Hz)

(kgf/cm)

(0)0.33

(kgf • cm)

10,028

11,738

3. 5.5 ^ . LRB : 0.8Hz)

(kgf/cm)

(kgf • cm)

10,320

- 47 -

5.6 ^ LRB : l.OHz)

(kgf/cm)

(kgf • cm)

lOTon L R B ^

71- 1 0.1Hzofl

^ s . 3.2*11 >M

- 48 -

3. 5.7 -fi-xd1(%r

(Constantinou)

(O.lHz)

jg 400

> 300+

—e—KRA Japan

—B—U.S.A.• Test

-©—• - -

- >> i

40 80 120

Strain (%)160 200

- 49 -

S. 5.8 «

(4«)0.26

(Constantinou)

(O.lHz)

0.0580 120Strain (%)

160 200

- 50 -

5.8*1-

0^4. o] ^ - fo l l fe

bilinear

<c> lead-mbber combination

(b) rubber bearing only

5.3 o ] ^ - ^ . ^ LRB5]

- 51 -

5.3(a)

± (5.1)

( s - 3 )

(5.4))

(5.5)-(5.7)21-

Ku= Kr\\

aGjGjGr

a GJGr

Qd= a, t

- 52 -

(5.4) ~ (5.7) ofl ^ A A

0.02-0.09^

Kd=Kr, #

169.65 cm2, A , = 7.07 cm2, <ry = 84.5 kgf/cm2, y y = 7 . 8 %

7.258 kgf/cm2, Go = 1,083.0 kgf/cm2, d = 58.0 kgf/cm2

^ 1 - ^ : (5.4) ~ (5.7) ofl

bilinear S.^Si\ ^ 7 } ^--^r

^ = 2 1 9 . 9 kgf/cm

^ = 1 , 5 8 8 . 1 kgf/cm

Qd= 597.4 kgf

^-^^^(character is t ic strength)

- 53 -

-B -O.lHz0.5Hz

e 0.7Hz& 0.8Hzv l .uriz

50 100

Strain (%)

150 200

F102-2O1]

bilinear

^ bilinear

bilinear S c i

bilinear

Bilinear LRB^ -^ ^ q (5.8)^ (5.9)^]

- 54 -

-20-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

Displacement (mm)

.....J-rrtl.

1—<—i—•—i—•— — • — i — • — i — • —

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60Displacement (mm)

bilinear E

-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60Displacement (mm)

bilinear

5.5 LRB (F102-2)

- 55 -

Krff =

2 xKeffD2

bilinear

5 . 9 ^

^. 27%,

5.9 Bilinear LRB

(kgf/cm) Bilinear

Bilinear

- 56 -

a l l -

bilinear . =LB\JL

ifl-g-i-

c-1 3.711

- 57 -

bilinear 3 . ^

^. bilinear

- Bilinear

- 58 -

- , 1992.1. M ^ M ^ R I I f a d l ) , ±fW^g2. 0*^^^5 i^# , %mmfw=j^An, *-^KL, 1997.

3. P.K. Freakley and A.R. Payne, Theory and Practice of Engineenng

with Rubber, Applied Science Publishers Ltd., London, p.117, 1978.

4. 0*&«#fi£i&#, &mmffiAn, ^-Att, 1995.

fe 1-21,5. JSSI &

6. I.G. Buckle, "Factors Affecting the Performance of Lead-Rubber

Energy Dissipators" , RRU Bulletin, New Zealand National Roads

Board, 157-170, 1984.

7. F. Naeim and J.M. Kelly, Design of Seismic Isolated Structures. From

Theory to Practice, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999.

- 59 -

1 LRB ^ S S E W S

Bearing ID : 101Vertical force : lOTon

Excitation Frequency : O.lHzData File Name : F101-16

( £ 3 : kN,mm)

*«max

V-^ nun

-13.30

-13.07

-13.15

-12.98

-27.55

-27.73

-27.45

-27.49

-10.38

-42.21

-10.20

-42.24

-42.07

-10.24

-42.20

±100%

-12.62

-56.66

-12.28

-56.60

-12.32

-56.40

-12.29

-56.23

7 : Shear strain (%)

Qmax, Qmin : Maximum/ Minimum Shear Force (kN)

Xn,ax, Xmin : Max./Min. Horizontal Displacement (mm)

Qd : Characteristic Strength (kN)

Qy : Yield Force (kN)

Keff : Effective Stiffness (kN/mm) = K^Heq : Equivalent Viscous Damping Ratio (%)

WD : Energy Dissipation per Cycle (kN-mm) = A W

- 61 -

** min

y- ^ max

- ^ min

Bearing ID : 101Vertical force : lOTon

±125%

-13.61

1,302.0

-13.61

-70.85

1.281.9

-13.36

-70.81

1.257.6

-13.42

-70.58

1.274.4

±150%

-15.79

-85.76

1.726.8

-15.90

-85.85

1.703.6

-15.63

-85.63

1,694.8

-15.60

-85.22

1.693.1

(<C\Sf\ : kN,mm)

±200%

-21.65

112.70

-113.33

2,853.0

-21.30

112.67

-113.17

2.764.0

-20.84

112.80

-113.10

2,775.5

-19.93

111.72

-112.50

2.708.6

- 62 -

Bearing ID : 102Vertical Force : lOTon

( ^ : kN,mm)

4? min

-^•max

y•^- min

-13.84

-13.98

-13.46

-13.83

-13.16

-27.61

-13.28

-27.47

-12.68

-27.46

-12.79

-27.56

-15.19

-42.19

1,217.2

-15.14

-42.19

1,183.5

-14.78

-42.15

1,184.9

-14.76

-42.01

1,183.3

±100%

-16.48

1,742.9

14.96 15.03

-15.97 i -16.00

56.841 56.761

-56.16: -56.08

7.79J 7.80

0.06: 0.06

0.27 0.28

0.31 i 0.31

1,717.1 i 1.722.8

-15.95

-55.67

1,700.1

y-"-max

-"• min

±125%

-17.73

-70.15

2.314.8

-17.41

-70.07

2,273.7

-17.56

-70.10

2.245.9

-17.46

-69.98

2.235.8

±150%

-19.82

-84.34

2.897.8

-19.25

-84.28

2.830.3

-19.03

-83.98

2,802.5

-18.77

-83.55

2,771.2

±200%

-25.40

113.58

-112.03

4,317.3

-24.86

113.40

-111.93

4,166.5

24.12; 22.89

-24.21 j -23.22

113.45 j 112.67

-111.60! -110.87

8.55] 7.12

0.06 0.06

0.22' 0.21

0.24; 0.25

4,117.6i 4.022.1

- 63 -

Excitation Frequency : 0.5HzData File Name : F103-2

(#•$ : kN,mm)

** min

-y-**• max

y- ^ min

±25%(24%)

-13.45

-13.56

-13.55

-13.46

±50%(48%) ;i ±75%(73%)

-14.74

-27.50

-14.52

-27.77

-13.95

-27.54

-13.72

-27.53

-17.78

-42.14

1.214.4

-17.00

-42.36

1,196.6

-16.69

-42.38

1.163.0

-16.08

-42.29

1,132.9

rCycle

** max

y-™* max

y-^- min

±100%(98%)

-18.93

-55.24

1.641.8

-18.08

-55.11

1.582.0

-17.82

-55.24

1.560.0

-17.63

-55.63

1,545.5

±125%(121%)

-19.63

-64.02

! 0.24

1.902.1

-18.90

-63.70

1,814.8

-18.55

-63.55

1.762.4

-18.38

-63.57

1.725.7

- 64 -

^< min

V•**• m a x

V-"- min

±25%(24%)

-13.67

-13.77

-13.62

-13.72

±50% (49%)

-14.50

-26.99

-14.66

-27.18

-15.11

-27.20

-14.51

-27.21

;-r| : kN,mm)

±75%(74%)

-18.10

-41.29

1,203.8

-16.54

-41.42

1,155.9

-16.45

-41.42

1.116.8

-16.74

-41.66

1,114.0

*« min

-y-"• max

•"• min

±100%(100%)

-18.89

-55.17

1.621.8

-18.45

-54.73

1,565.4

-18.35

-55.00

1.525.2

-17.98

-55.49

1,504.8

± 125%(124%)

-20.67

-65.16

1.903.9

-20.09

-65.46

1,835.1

-19.57

-65.23

1,779.4

-19.36

-65.21

1,731.8

- 65 -

y•**- max

•A- min

Excitation Frequency : l.OHzData File Name : F105-2

±25%(24%)

-13.50

-13.73

-13.45

-$\ : kN,mm)

±40% (39%)

-11.17

-20.89

-11.10

-20.80

11.56 11.39

-10.92| -11.16

-20.77

-20.98

0.29 0.29

428.0 434.9

y•<*• max

y-^- min

±50% (47%)

-12.54

26.3(5

-24.94

-12.27

-25.27

-12.08

-25.35

-12.31

±75%(72%)

-13.22

-32.15

-12.97

-33.13

-13.03

-32.91

-12.91

-33.01

- 66 -

( £ 3 : kN,mm)

y•**- max

Y"-**• min

±25%(24%)

-13.92

-13.94

-13.83

-14.12

-11.80

-21.76

-11.25

-21.82

-11.26

-21.74

-11.76

-22.05

rCycle

** max

Y- ^ max

Y•"• min

±50%(49%)

-13.11

-26.42

-13.20

-26.61

-12.83

-26.72

-12.83

-26.87

±75%(72%)

-16.76

-36.89

1.010.4

-15.76

-37.18

-15.18

-37.35

-14.92

-37.56

±100%(88%)

-16.02

-40.84

1,167.9

-15.13

-41.02

1,037.6

-14.76

-40.84

1,012.0

-14.97

-40.90

- 67 -

- ^ max

y•**• m i n

1 '• 2

3.58: 4.39

-4.28; -4.32

5.141 5.39

-5.22; -5.04

1.75 2.97

0.06: 0.06

0.76: 0.84

0.37 0.32

47.2 45.0

-13.80

-13.81

-13.63

-13.90

«c1% : kN,mm)

-12.19

-22.25

-11.73

-22.33

-11.01

-22.39

-11.54

-22.44

*«max

*v min

y-^- max

y- ^ min

12.32 11.46

-13.15 -12.50

27.95 27.72

-27.52: -27.41

5.45 5.29

0.06 0.06

0.-16 0.44

0.27 0.29

606.8 592.0

-12.65

27.1*4

-27.62

-13.10

-27.64

±75%(74%)

-15.88

-39.68

1,014.9

-15.52

-39.84

-15.42

-40.22

-15.44

-40.86

±100%(96%)

-16.69

-46.92

1,298.5

-16.64

-46.81

1,190.5

14.37| 14.23

-16.32: -15.92

49.44: 49.40

-46.90; -46.88

4.76J 5.28

0.06 i 0.06

0.32 0.31

0.25; 0.24

1,151.1 1.110.0

- 68 -

Bearing ID : 2001Vertical Force : OTon

(£^:kN,mm)

«tfmax

** min

y•"• max

•X- min

±10%(9%)

-36.70

-14.87

-32.97

-14.28

-29.63

-13.85

-29.97

-14.09

±20%(18%)

-64.60

-28.91

1.391.9

-62.74

-29.21

1,289.1

-59.34

-28.29

1.137.8

-57.56

-27.81

1,114.1

±30%(27%)

-83.79

-42.24

2,589.6

-82.39

-42.51

2,499.3

-80.13

-42.00

2,357.7

-78.45

-41.83

2.253.7

*«mMx

y-^- max

Y- ^ min

-101.25

-56.29

4.324.6

±40%(37%)

79.481 76.35

-98.01J -92.56

51.471 50.80

-56.89J -54.88

17.04J 15.40

0.68) 0.68i

1.641 1.60

0.14| 0.13

4.091.4 3.684.9

-92.72:

-55.30

3.580.3

-115.71

-69.31

5,759.8

±50%(46%)

-110.22

-69.00

5,589.9

-106.77

-68.63

5,353.5

-106.59

-69.05

5,150.5

- 69 -

Bearing ID : 2001Vertical Force : 50Ton

(t^:kN,mm)

y-<*• max

-45.15

-13.82

-45.20

-13.07

-45.57

-13.31

-44.90

-13.04

73.390

-74.89

-27.28

2.677.6

-76.27

-27.66

2.837.0

-73.79

-26.85

2.673.2

-75.00

-27.27

2,637.6

±30%(29%)

100.49

-102.81

-41.47

5,443.1

102.17 102.93

-103.78 -103.23

-41.47

5.610.3

-41.62

5.553.1

102.80

-102.29

-41.32

5.397.5

** max

MC min

v-**- max

y•**• min

±40%(38%)

120.97

-125.57

-56.28

8.798.2

122.67

-126.37

-56.39

8.934.9

120.56

-125.36

-56.14

8.732.0

120.75

-123.52

-55.50

8,563.0

±50%(49%)

138.49

-148.77

-69.03

12.835.6

138.22

-144.47

-69.50

12,807 1

137.89

-146.15

-69.65

12.641.1

135.26

-146.03

-69.26

12.355.7

- 70 -

Bearing ID : 2001Vertical Force : lOOTon

(#-sH:kN,mm)

"« max

M; min

- ^ m a x

y- " • min

-60.74

-13.49

1.705.2

-62.00

-13.71

1,584.3

-62.83

-13.61

1.528.9

-62.83

-13.48

1.560.4

±20%(19%)

-87.86

-28.26

4.623.6

-86.03

-27.52

4,432.7

-87.62

-27.68

4,409.1

-86.97

-27.21

4,296.8

±30%(29%)

122.45

-114.91

-41.68

8,344.6

120.19

-115.80

-42.29

8,311.7

120.39

-113.37

-41.57

8.155.7

121.13

-114.94

-41.77

8.139.3

-"• max

y-"• min

±40%(39%)

144.49

-136.86

-56.25

12.876.5

138.24

-135.43

-56.33

12.602.4

136.90

-132.57

-55.82

12.316.5

135.90

-130.34

-55.56

12.225.7

±50%(49%)

155.17

-147.25

17.627.1

150.99

-140.90

-69.61

17,249.0

148.19

-137.79

-69.19

16,950.7

145.96

-137.16

-69.50

16,739.7

- 71 -

(cV^:kN/mm)

*« max

** min

V"-<*• max

y- " • min

-53.65

-12.67

2.862.3

103.62

-57.42

-12.48

3,088.6

105.40

-60.03

-12.56

3.0(58.9

107.65

-61.84

-12.78

3.107.3

±20%(19%)

128.93

-93.40

-25.87

7.779.4

134.83

-100.23

-26.74

7,953.2

138.26

-100.52

-26.48

7,890.5

138.70

-102.02

-26.61

7,828.7

±30% (29%)

157.12

-124.76

-41.01

13,664.5

147.11

-108.41

-40.39

13.284.6

141.27

-104.81

-40.52

13,051.9

138.37

-108.69

-41.01

13,042.5

** min

y•S*~ m a x

y-^~ min

±40%(39%)

147.44

-133.09

-55.03

19.001.4

145.56

-116.57

-54.61

18.576.6

144.15

-117.27

-55.09

18.421.1

140.01

-115.37

-54.56

18.005.9

168.37

-141.39

-68.67

24.553.4

156.78

-130.24

-68.86

23,983.5

152.24

-126.38

-68.43

23,502.1

147.43

-126.73

-68.89

23,167.0

- 72 -

(t^:kN,mm)

** max

** min

- ^ m a x

-"• min

±10%(9%)

-59.32

-13.09

2.364.7

110.81

-62.21

-12.86

2,455.7

114.47

-13.13

2.469.0

116.03

-66.73

-12.59

2,415.1

±20%(19%)

127.64

-99.95

-27.21

6,536.5

128.15

-103.ES

-26.87

6,442.8

127.24

-110.11

-27.07

6,411.1

126.91

-113.89

-27.06

6,442.0

±30% (28%)

144.11

-164.90

-41.06

11,420.3

140.75

-1(54.52

-41.08

11,246.5

141.88

-162.46

-40.75

11,064.2

141.20

-170.40

-41.33

11.030.4

*« max

y•<* max

±40%(38%)

170.(50

-195.61

-55.62

17.775.0

149.61

-160.69

-55.52

17.060.7

151.09

-15(5.75

-55.22

147.40

-154.86

-55.11

0.311 0.311

16.638.2 16.285.4

±50%(49%)

172.53

-190.33

-69.33

23,039.3

163.09

-175.50

-69.22

22.728.0

162.91

-176.91

22,050.8

161.84

-171.88

-68.81

21.722.4

- 73 -

Ca^:kN,mm)

'K max

** min

y- ^ min

= 10% (9%)

-71.09

-12.25

1,986.4

-71.5(5

-12.10

2.138.8

-72.81

-12.04

2,130.9

-73.77

-12.09

2.183.4

±20%(18%)

101.65

-104.87

-26.61

7,068.9

97.022

-102.06

-25.94

6.957.3

-103.19

-26.01

6,902.6

-103.81

-25.78

6,861.7

±30% (29%)

115.67

-140.02

-41.01

12,739.2

107.85

-128.57

-40.71

12,377.8

104.85

-125.56

-40.57

12,178.2

102.65

-123.45

-40.50

12,145.2

^ m i i i

V-"• max

= 409-0 (39%)

139.40

-158.86

-54.74

18.430.3

121.99

-142.8(5

-54.62

3 ! 41

118.81! 115.67i

-139.58; -136.03

55.42 55.27

-54.89: -54.39

84.30 82.78 ! 82.02i

17.729.5

0.68' 0.68

2.34 2.30

0.39 0.40

17.455.4: 17.108.9

±50%(49%)

140.78

-162.04

-(58.94

23.612.7

130.01

-145.17

-69.07

23.056.9

126.57

-140.18

-68.96

22,702.8

123.15

-136.5(5

-68.49

22,316.8

- 74 -

(£3:kN,mm)

«*max

<« min

y- " • max

Y-"• min

± 10%(8%)

-58.77

-12.89

1.795.1

-61.17

-12.89

1.760.3

-61.37

-12.70

1.789.6

-62.64

-12.84

1.786.9

±20%(18%)

-100.65

-27.10

5,831.4

-94.88

-26.22

5,732.6

-97.83

-26.65

5,758.2

-99.70

-27.15

5,525.0

±30%(28%)

118.69

-124.04

-42.13

10,447.2

113.06

-119.20

-40.89

10.110.3

110.25

-119.73

-40.62

10.166.7

107.48

-121.84

-41.49

10.055.1

^ m i n

y-"- max

y-<*- min

121.67

-145.61

-55.73

15.464.3

±40%(39%)

119.26

-134.72

-55.50

15.307.0

116.11

-132.53

-55.(3

15.006.9

115.01

-129.91

-55.24

14.736.0

137.57i.

-178.82

! 70.30

1 -69.50

i 76.61

! 0.68

! 0.30

j 20.764.4

±50% (49%)

132.60

-164.21

-69.54

20,281.0

128.88

-160.90

-69.52

19,962.6

127.60

-156.41

-69.11

19,550.9

- 75 -

Bearing ID : 2002Vertical Force : lOOTon

Excitarion Frequency : 0.3HzData File Name : F2002-8

(£:^:kN,mm)

*K min

y-"• max

y-^- min

±10%(9%)

-52.41

-13.00

1.357.2

-53.95

-12.93

1.316.0

-52.47

-12.18

1.254.9

-54.64

-12.65

1,287.1

±20%(18%)

-86.99

-26.96

4,170.0

-88.60

-26.18

4,082.5

-90.76

-26.71

4,096.9

-90.35

-26.74

4,045.4

±30%(29%)

102.49

-111.51

-41.32

7,879.5

101.50

-115.13

-41.77

7,846.6

-112.33

-40.94

7.691.4

-113.42

. 40.62

-41.23

7,640.2

^ m a x

^ m i n

y•<*• m a x

y-"• min

±40% (39%)

115.38

-133.27

-55.54

12.126.8

114.69

-128.20

-55.12

11.989.2

114.15

-127.01

-54.90

11.847.5

113.64

-125.79

-54.73

11,754.2

133.95

-165.04

-69.35

16.765.3

129.97

-162.52

-69.35

16.531.9

128.40

-159.38

-69.34

16.220.4

126.93

-154.91

-69.15

16.006.0

- 76 -

** max

y-"• max

• ^ min

±10%(8%)

-40.51

-13.09

-43.04

-13.5(5

-42.92

-13.56

-42.22

-13.27

±20% (18%)

-75.10

-27.14

2,765.9

-76.10

-26.86

2,694.8

-77.04

-27.41

2.638.9

-76.81

2,5(53.7

±30%(28%)

-98.54

-42.19

5.372.4

86.89: 87.19

-98.80, -97.73

40.151 39.98

-41.88. -41.91

35.51; 33.09

0.68' 0.(58

2.26 j 2.26

0.22 0.22

5.366.6! 5.209.3

-96.55

-41.50

5.128.2

- ^ m a x

Y•**• m m

±40%(39%)

103.89

-123.67

-55.95

8.711.9

106.91: 103.53

-121.01; -119.98

54.99; 53.62

-56.11 -56.00

42.43 39.15

0.68: 0.68

2.05: 2.04

0.22 0.22

8,692.3 8.274.7

103.92

-117.48

-55.55

8.134.4

±50%(49%)

1Z2.52

-153.34

-69.95

12.424.0

119.79

-150.66

-70.53

12,195.4

117.62

-146.72

-69.68

11.684.1

115.99

-145.96

-69.85

11.364.8

- 77 -

** min

y- ^ max

-28.10

-12.84

±109/

-28.52

-13.25

' lC\O/\

-27.78

-12.50

Bearing ID : 2002Vertical Force : OTon

-28.37

-12.43

±20%(17%)

-50.46

-26.72

1.062.4

-50.48

-26.76

-26.36

-50.03

-26.80

±30% (27%)

-71.87

-41.41

2,326.7

-71.82

-41.137

2.245.8

-70.91

-41.02

2,179.3

-69.95

-40.11

2.128.8

^ m i n

y-^- max

y•**- min

±40%(37%)

71.45 70.94

-94.43: -93 59

52.31 51.64

-55.11 -55.45

15.17 15.79

0.68 0.68

1.54 1.54

0.14 0.14

4.024.9. 3.983.7

69.38! 70.70

-92.il! -91.93

51.45 52.33

-54.54 -54.67

15.611 15.32

0.68! 0.68

1.52; 1.52

0.14: 0.14

3.847.4; 3.813.9

±50% (47%)

-118.19

-68.52

6,131.3

-117.56

-68.32

6.036.4

!X).O3

-115.69

-68.36

5,842.3

-114.97

C56.67

-68.03

5.699.6

- 78 -

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO), California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS),

Japanese Public Works Research Institute (JPWRI), New Zealand

Ministry of Works and Development (NZMWD) §-3]

1^2.cd(equivalent linear models) A

1. LRB5} 71^12} ^ - ^

ZL^ 12]- ;g>8r bi-linear LRB^

nU£.6fl

-D / -

^_^-J Displacement

1. bilinear

- 79 -

- = (2)

T = 2K (3)

4Q(Z)-/).V)l j

= Fy /KL Fy =Q + K2Dy$]

TC(K2D+ Q)D

- 80 -

2Q(D-Q/9K2)TC(K2D+ Q)D

2. AASHTO A

AASHTO^

bilinear

Displacement

2. LRB£] bilinear

-B-JL7J-^(effective stiffness)^ equivalent damping

m •*• in

- 81 -

area of hysteresis loop of an isolation unit2 K Ke/f di

•K Keff

ductility

hardening 1/6.5

. ^=0.155}

^0.15(^-1)]

(inherent viscous damping ratio) £ofe ^7}-5.

3. CALTRANS «

CALTRANS

](effective period shift)

= 1 +o

- 82 -

Ke//= {l + l n [ l +

4. JPWRI

CBUB (15)

(13)2)-

{7)o\}*\ ^o]^ AASHTO^

K0.15(0.7^-1)

- 83 -

zuBe{Q(1+uBeK2)

UBe= cBdi

0.15(0.7^)1

5. NZMWD

NZMWD ^

^15. 1-^^>JL AASHTO

- 84 -

^m 3 LRB

1. KRB) ^ 3 ] «

Eap Eb

=E0(l+2xSJ)

X (#£-3 #*H) = ^ A (4)

- 85 -

K -Ky - *- r

Ke = Ky + •&.

- 86 -

K _4k E0(l+2xS'i) l ;

(r < 0.1)

(0.1 ^ r < 0.5)

(0.5 ^ r )

- 87 -

Kd= 0.744

Kd= 0.921

(7 < 0.5)

(7 ^ 0.5)(15)

- 88 -

M.C Constantinou 3.^7} Seismic Isolation of Bridges(1994) <*\) *\

Q = ayL • Ap (17)

= 1.1-1.6)

- 89 -

W d = A - Q (21)

- 90 -

fcd 4 LRB

box, #

blocks

iz]-^r steel

^ concrete

o ooooo4.55m 2.2m

17' \ /t.P) \

l . 0.925

23 24& _

0.925 . 1(13:

2 tfl #37*8=3

- 91 -

SAP 20005} Frame_S_ih3-, LRB^ Nllink.S.4: ir isolatorl^S.

load cells*!- basefe-

161.57 t/m3, 33, 3 7 ^

1 34, 36«i

82.65 t / m 3 A ^

A ^ , El Centro^l

El Centro Mexico

channel

»^(c^)

170.44

/ * ( ™A)

3.96e-4

4.61e-5

3.78e-5

1.54e-4

3.83e-7

1.36e-4

1.60e-5

3.78e-5

6.42e-6

3.83e-7

E( kN/m2)

1.999e8

El Centro

Mexico

(kN/m)

1 (kN/m)

- 92 -

^ 354- ^ 4 ^ sfl

Mexico*] 3JS] table motion-t-

El Centra^

LRB JL^-3]

LRB ^-

^ LRB ^-

^t^r 7.258

^r 9.0 kg/cm2o]°-

¥ °-2

-0.40 10 15

Time (sec)

3 El Centro *]

Time (sec)

4 Mexico

- 93 -

- El Centro *1

7ii3|6fMs] 7}

Mexico

•fl -10

-T5 O -

.i-Ul-i- { • • - - )

-W-• { • • ! (•

10 15Time (sec)

5 El Centro

10 15Time (sec)

P^J+jl^

'-,1•.'Hi'!

} l •l!!!ll|'|l,ir',M l

1.1i|iV i..:'I'i'iJ.;'!^;,.!, .

1 l|!|ljlil|ill.'l!p|i,1'i-li.ilil ':|i''''l!'!'(!/

] :••ijlll;|'--i.f(|/l|j|i!

W ' l V i V - ; - - -iWll'i"'"

- 94 -

Acceleration (g)

9 9O is) t

- f e HL=hl

Acceleration (g)

op 9 9£> k) O K) t

—--J

Displacement (mm) Displacement (mm)

r-t->!

_ * •

u•Jl

n(tutu) (tUtU

(tutu)

¥ °-15o

| 0.00

§ -0.15

-0.300

-0 . 15

^ ; r : ^

10 Mexico

•t-! t

20Time (sec)

- 97 -

7^517}]^(A)

n % ^ Âj£M.^X\, Ol^^-Â], rfl^^-Â], ^-AÔÂl,

tfl^^^A], -irAj- - A], ^3§-«A]

£, %#i$S., ^ ^ - ^ - ^ ^H>^^ ^ -*^(^-^ , t

°oK ^"^, S^l * , ^ .^ , <^€, ^ , ^°o^l, +^ ^ 1 , ^31*1, ^^r^l, ^^1^1)

7j-^£. - 4 4 ( ^ - ^ € € , ^-€, ^ , SJ%V, ^ 91*b, 3L<%, <&<$, &&*}, ^ A l ) , ^H^-^ -S ^ - A ^

(^^ ^l^l, #£, ^ ^ ^IS., ^ ^ ^ ^ 7J- 1, 3.

500^^1

^î^^-in # 4 ^ , °->^ 3*n^ o ] ^ôflA-1 ^ - ^ ^ JEÂSA^ 2400^

- 99 -

ifl*!IIW3L

^ f l ^ l ^ A j - ^_£L^ ES.ofl ^ A ^ ^

§>X] ? j r^ m ^

5J^M^7l

^€^7l«^l

"(m/s)

700o]^

360-760

1~1~1l", 180-360

180*1 n>

11 30m S.%o

50^311-

15Plt>

^^^J7}7> £

1 ^ft ^ 1 ^

50-100

50Plt>

- 100 -

3 (Cap Beam) a ^

1. ^ 3 ] ^

2. *> 7H

- 101 -

KAERVTR-1833/2001

lOlp. 9XM O ), a 7] 21 X 29.7cm

Oo t r

3-iHe)

LRBs) bilinear J l^- t -A ] ^

bilinear . o]

M&, LRB, o]

Bilinear JE.ri

BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET

Performing Org.Report No.

Sponsoring Org.Report No.

Standard Report No. INIS Subject Code

KAERVTR-1833/2001

Title / Subtitle Determination of Design Parameters of Lead-Rubber Bearingsby Characterization Tests

Project Managerand Department

(or Main Author)Young-Sun Choun (Integrated Safety Assessment Team)

Researcher andDepartment

In-Kil Choi (Integrated Safety Assessment Team)

Moon-Sig You (KR Industrial Co., Ltd.)

PublicationPlace

Taejon Publisher KAERI PublicationDate

Page lOlp. 111. & Tab. Yes( O ), No ( ) Size 21 X 29.7cm

ClassifiedOpen( O ), Restricted( ),

Class Document Report Type Technical Report

Sponsoring Org. Contract No.

Abstract (15-20 Lines)

This report includes characterization tests of LRB provided by KR IndustrialCo. and also includes evaluation of effective stiffness and equivalent dampingratio of LRB. With test data, dynamic properties of LRB are reviewed and designprocedures proposed by KR, Japan, and United States are compared and revised.Two bilinear models of LRB are proposed. One is obtained from hysteresis loop,the other is based on mechanical property data of laminated rubber and leadplug. Comparison of analysis results with test results for a bridge scaled-modelis performed to show the applicability of proposed bilinear models.

Based on the review and evaluation of the KR LRB design parameters andprocedures, following conclusions are drawn.- Design parameters of LRB, effective stiffness and equivalent damping, are

significantly influenced by horizontal loading frequency and vertical load.- Hysteretic behavior of LRB can be idealized by a bilinear model. The initial

stiffness of the model must be determined with accuracy.- LRB design procedures proposed by the KR Industrial Co. may be applicable

to determine effective stiffness, but some modifications are needed todetermine equivalent damping.

Subject Keywords(About 10 words)

Bridge, LRB, Hysteresis loop, Design parameter, Effective stiffness, Equivalentdamping, Dynamic property, Design procedure, Bilinear model

lrb - osti.gov

Documents

cdznte - osti.gov

rapport - osti.gov

vaec - osti.gov

21stcentyry - osti.gov

mm - osti.gov

dupic - osti.gov

cs06ra008 - osti.gov

master - osti.gov

-9 - osti.gov

these - osti.gov

goiania - osti.gov

memorias - osti.gov

ii - osti.gov

bioenergie - osti.gov

ingcominas - osti.gov

abstrak - osti.gov

swat - osti.gov

ca9800311 - osti.gov

xa0055820 - osti.gov

tesis - osti.gov