loader (equipment) - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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VolvoL120Efrontloader

LoaderremovingsnowinJyvskyl,Finland.

Atrackloader

Loader(equipment)FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Aloader(bucketloader,frontloader,frontendloader,payloader,scoop,shovel,skiploader,orwheelloader)isaheavyequipmentmachineusedinconstructionandsidewalkmaintenancetomoveasideorloadmaterialssuchasasphalt,demolitiondebris,dirt,snow,feed,gravel,logs,rawminerals,recycledmaterial,rock,sand,woodchips,etc.intoorontoanothertypeofmachinery(suchasadumptruck,conveyorbelt,feedhopper,orrailroadcar).

Contents

1Description2Armoredwheelloaders3Tractorfrontloaders4Compactfrontendloaders5Skidloaders&trackloaders6Swingloaders7Gallery8Seealso

8.1Notablemanufacturers9References10Externallinks

Description

Aloaderisatypeoftractor,usuallywheeled,sometimesontracks,thathasafrontmountedsquarewidebucketconnectedtotheendoftwobooms(arms)toscoopuploosematerialfromtheground,suchasdirt,sandorgravel,andmoveitfromoneplacetoanotherwithoutpushingthematerialacrosstheground.Aloaderiscommonlyusedtomoveastockpiledmaterialfromgroundlevelanddeposititintoanawaitingdumptruckorintoanopentrenchexcavation.

Theloaderassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthebucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortoolsforexample,manycanmountforkstoliftheavypalletsorshippingcontainers,andahydraulicallyopening"clamshell"bucketallowsaloadertoactasalightdozerorscraper.Thebucketcanalsobeaugmentedwithdeviceslikeabalegrapplerforhandlinglargebalesofhayorstraw.

Largeloaders,suchastheKawasaki95ZV2,JohnDeere844K,Caterpillar950H,VolvoL120E,Case921E,orHitachiZW310usuallyhaveonlyafrontbucketandarecalledFrontLoaders,whereassmallloadertractorsareoftenalsoequippedwithasmallbackhoeandarecalledbackhoeloadersorloaderbackhoesorJCBs,afterthecompanythatfirstclaimedtohaveinventedthem.OthercompanieslikeCASEinAmericaandWhitlockintheUKhadbeenmanufacturingExcavatorLoaderswellbeforeJCB.

ThelargestloaderintheworldisLeTourneauL2350.CurrentlytheselargeloadersareinproductionintheLongview,Texasfacility.TheL2350usesadieselelectricpropulsionsystemsimilartothatusedinalocomotive.Eachrubbertiredwheelisdrivenbyitsownindependentelectricmotor.

Loadersareusedmainlyforloadingmaterialsintotrucks,layingpipe,clearingrubble,anddigging.Aloaderisnotthemostefficientmachinefordiggingasitcannotdigverydeepbelowthelevelofitswheels,likeabackhoecan.Thecapacityofaloaderbucketcanbeanywherefrom0.5to36m3[1]dependinguponthesizeofthemachineanditsapplication.Thefrontloader'sbucketcapacityisgenerallymuchbiggerthanabucketcapacityofabackhoeloader.

Unlikemostbulldozers,mostloadersarewheeledandnottracked,althoughtrackloadersarecommon.Theyaresuccessfulwheresharpedgedmaterialsinconstructiondebriswoulddamagerubberwheels,orwherethegroundissoftandmuddy.Wheelsprovidebettermobilityandspeedanddonotdamagepavedroadsasmuchastracks,butprovidelesstraction.

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Closeupofarticulatedsteeringapparatus

ArmoredwheelloaderoftheIsraeliDefenseForces

Inconstructionareasloadersarealsousedtotransportbuildingmaterialssuchasbricks,pipe,metalbars,anddiggingtoolsovershortdistances.

Frontloadersarecommonlyusedtoremovesnowespeciallyfromsidewalks,parkinglots,andotherareastoosmallforusingsnowplowsandotherheavyequipment.Theyaresometimesusedassnowplowswithasnowplowattachmentbutcommonlyhaveabucketorsnowbasket,whichcanalsobeusedtoloadsnowintotherearcompartmentofasnowplowordumptruck.

Hightipbucketsaresuitableforlightmaterialssuchaschip,peatandlightgravelandwhenthebucketisemptiedfromaheight.

Unlikebackhoesorstandardtractorsfittedwithafrontbucket,manylargeloadersdonotuseautomotivesteeringmechanisms.Instead,theysteerbyahydraulicallyactuatedpivotpointsetexactlybetweenthefrontandrearaxles.Thisisreferredtoas"articulatedsteering"andallowsthefrontaxletobesolid,allowingittocarrygreaterweight.Articulatedsteeringprovidesbettermaneuverabilityforagivenwheelbase.Sincethefrontwheelsandattachmentrotateonthesameaxis,theoperatorisableto"steer"hisloadinanarcafterpositioningthemachine,whichcanbeuseful.Thetradeoffisthatwhenthemachineis"twisted"toonesideandaheavyloadisliftedhigh,ithasagreaterriskofturningovertothe"wide"side.

Frontloadersgainedpopularityduringthelasttwodecades,especiallyinurbanengineeringprojectsandsmallearthmovingworks.Heavyequipmentmanufacturersofferawiderangeofloadersizesandduties.

Theterm"loader"isalsousedinthedebrisremovalfieldtodescribetheboomonagrappletruck.

Armoredwheelloaders

TheIsraeliCombatEngineeringCorpsusesarmoredCaterpillar966wheelloadersforconstructionandcombatengineeringmissionsinhostileterritoriessuchastheWestBank.Theyareoftenseenbuildingorremovingroadblocksandbuildingbasesandfortifications.Since2005,theyhavealsobeenusedtodemolishsmallhouses.TheIsraelDefenseForcesaddedarmorplatingtotheloadertoprotectitagainstrocks,stones,molotovcocktails,andlightgunfire.

RiodeJaneiro'spoliceelitesquadBatalhodeOperaesPoliciaisEspeciais(BOPE)hasacquiredonewheelloaderdesignedformilitaryusetoopenroutesandmakewayforthepoliceinRiodeJaneiro'sslums,whicharecontrolled,andblocked,bydrugdealers.[2]

Severalifnotmostcountrieshavesimilarequipment.TheDutcharmedforcesforinstanceusemodelsliketheWerklustWG18Edef,whichweighs15tons,2morethanthecorrespondingunarmoredcivilianmodel.Inaddition,theDutchmilitarypreviouslyusedextraarmormodulescoveringmostofthewindowsurfacewithsteelforextraprotection.Thesewerehowevernotpopularwiththecrewsduetolowvisibility.

Tractorfrontloaders

Theseloadersareapopularadditiontotractorsfrom50to200hp.Itscurrent'drivein'formwasoriginallydesignedanddevelopedin1958byaSwedishcompanynamnedlwhentheylaunchedtheirQuickeloader.[3]Tractorloadersweredevelopedtoperformamultitudeoffarmingtasks,andarepopularduetotheirrelativelylowcost(comparedtoTelehandler)andhighversatility.Tractorloaderscanbefittedwithmanyattachmentssuchashydraulicgrabsandspikestoassistwithbaleandsilagehandling,forksforpalletwork,andbucketsformoregeneralfarmactivities.

Compactfrontendloaders

AbramDietrichThiessenofEyebrowSaskatchewaninthe1940sbuiltthefirstquickattachfrontendloader.InternationalHarvester'stookapictureoftheloaderandreplicateditattheReginaAgribitioninNovemberofthesameyear.

Frontendloaders(FELs)arepopularadditionstocompactutilitytractorsandfarmtractors.Compactutilitytractors,alsocalledCUTs,aresmalltractors,typicallywith18to50horsepower(37kW)andusedprimarilyforgroundsmaintenanceandlandscapechores.Thereare2primarydesignsofcompacttractorFELs,thetraditionaldoglegdesignedstyleandthecurvedarmstyle.

JohnDeereTractormanufacturesasemicurvedloaderdesignthatdoesnotfeaturetheonepiececurvedarm,butalsoisnotofthetraditionaltwopiecedesign.NewHollandAgintroducedacompactloaderwithaonepiececurvedarmonitscompactutilitytractors,similaronepiececurvedarmloadersarenowavailableoncompacttractorsonmanybrandsincludingCase/Farmall,andsomeMontanaandKiotitractors.

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SemicurvedcompactloaderonaJohnDeerecompactutilitytractor

Visibilitycomparisonofdifferentloaderdesigns

KubotamarketstraditionalloaderdesignsonmostofitscompacttractorsbutnowfeaturesasemicurvedloaderdesignsimilartotheJohnDeereloaderdesignonseveralofitssmalltractors.

WhilethefrontendloadersonCUTsizetractorsarecapableofmanytasks,giventheirrelativelysmallsizeandlowcapacitieswhencomparedtocommercialloaders,thecompactloaderscanbemademoreusefulwithsomesimpleoptions.Atoothbariscommonlyaddedtothefrontedgeofaloaderbuckettoaidwithdigging.Someloadersareequippedwithaquickcoupler,otherwiseknownasaquickattach(QA)system.TheQAsystemallowsthebuckettoberemovedeasilyandothertoolstobeaddedinitsplace.Commonadditionsincludeasetofpalletforksforliftingpalletsofgoodsorabalespearforliftinghaybales.

Skidloaders&trackloaders

Askidloaderisasmallloaderutilizingfourwheelswithhydraulicdrivethatdirectspowertoeither,orboth,sidesofthevehicle.Verysimilarinappearanceanddesignisthetrackloader,whichutilizesacontinuoustrackoneithersideofthevehicleinsteadofthewheels.SincetheexpirationofBobcat'spatentonitsquickconnectsystem,newertractormodelsarestandardizingonthatpopularformatforfrontendattachments.

Swingloaders

Aswingloaderisarigidframeloaderwithaswingingboom.Theboomcanswing180degreesormore.Swingloadersareprimarilyusedbytherailroadindustrytolayrail.Likeotherloadersmanyattachmentscanbeattachedtotheboomsuchasmagnets,forks,andbuckets.Smallerswingloadersareusedinfarmingapplicationsforloadingout.Aswingingboomisadvantageouswherespaceislimited.Theloaderisabletoliftonallsidesanddumpoffonallsides.

Gallery

AHanomagloader

DK45withandwithoutatoothbaronthebucket

Arelativelysmallfrontloader

Aloaderwithaspecializedclawusedtomovelogsatasawmill

ACaterpillar930GfittedwithaloaderrakeonaresidentialconstructionsiteinSouthFlorida.

ThefrontofaCaterpillar930Gfittedwithloaderrake.

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WackerNeusonwheelloadersatatradefair

Compactutilitytractorwithafrontloadershowingtwodifferentmeasurementpointsforloadercapacities

SwingmasterSwingloader

ALiugongZL50AinGuilinEastRailwayStation,Guilin,Guangxi,China

Seealso

BackhoeloaderBulldozerCompactorCraneExcavatorGraderSkidloaderTractorTelescopichandlerMiningSimulation

Notablemanufacturers

BobcatCaseBull(http://www.bullindia.com/)CaterpillarDoosanInfracore(formerlyDaewooHeavyIndustries&Machinery)includingSolarbrandHitachiHyundaiJCBJohnDeereKawasakiKomatsuKramerKubotaLeTourneauLiebherrLiuGongManitouNavistarInternationalNewHollandVolvoConstructionEquipmentWackerNeusonXCMG

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WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoLoader(equipment).

References

1. ^http://www.cat.com/cda/layout?m=308907&x=72. ^http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2009/08/12/ult5772u4933.jhtm3. ^http://www2.alo.se/Intl/Pages/history.eptlhistory:Frominnovationtoworldleadingposition

Externallinks

LoaderSpecificationsandComparisons(http://www.specguideonline.com)Calculatingthecapacityofaloader'sbucket(http://www.imac.ca/technofocus/bucket.htm)Databasecoveringallmakesandmodelsoffarmtractors&tractorfrontloaders(http://www.tractordata.com/)LoaderSimulation(http://www.immersivetechnologies.com/)YouTubevideoofafrontendloaderloadingadumptruck(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wUCnvdZjs)PayloadOnboardweighingwithfulltripdata(http://www.lcscontrols.in/EmbeddedOEM.html#1)

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