lived 1564-1616 wrote 37 plays –romeo and juliet –julius caesar –hamlet –othello –king...

• Lived 1564-1616• wrote 37 plays

– Romeo and Juliet– Julius Caesar– Hamlet– Othello– King Lear– Macbeth

• about 154 sonnets• Started out performing

with “The Lord Chamberlain’s Men”

• Background

Guess which one is the movie version!?!?

• Born Stratford-on-Avon• Well-to-do, affluent

while alive• Most quoted, other than

the Bible

• Background Information

– Comedies: light and amusing, usually with a happy ending

– Tragedies: serious dramas with disastrous endings

– Histories: involve events or persons from history

• Types of Plays

• Many playwrights with nowhere to “play”

• Barn turned into theatre

• Original Globe was 3 stories and held about 3000 people.

• Although most of Shakespeare’s plays were held there, he only owned 12% of the theatre.

• The Globe

• All classes of people attended plays there.

• No roof so that they had sunlight.

• Thus, plays had to be during the day.

• People often skipped work to go.

• Was not allowed to be built in the city of London because crowds often became rowdy.

• The Globe

• Costumes were often the company’s most valuable asset

• Costumes were made by the company, bought in London, or donated by courtiers

• The Elements of the Theatre and Plays– Costumes

• Only men were permitted to perform

• Boys or effeminate men were used to play the women

• It would have been indecent for a woman to appear on stage

• Acting

The Double Switch! Girl is Boy and Boy is Girl!

• Wealthy people got to sit on benches

• Groundlings, poor people, had to stand and watch from the courtyard– Women not allowed (had

to dress up as men to attend)

– Threw rotten vegetables at bad performance

• There was much more audience participation than today

– Spectators

• Will Ferrell is the most famous alumnus of the comedy improvisational group called “The Groundling” based in Los Angeles

• Poor Sewer System• Bathing considered

dangerous• Body odor strong

• London During Elizabethan Era– Personal

hygiene/health

Queen Elizabeth

London During Elizabethan Era

• Childhood diseases• Children often died

before 5 years• Small Pox• Bubonic Plague

– Diseases

London During Elizabethan Era

• Bear-baiting• Races• Gambling• Music• Drinking/socializing• Prostitution

– Entertainment

London During Elizabethan Era

• One set used all year long, rarely washed

• Underclothing slept in, infrequently changed

• Clothes handed down from rich to poor

– Clothing

• Foreshadowing • is the use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in literature.

Friar Lawrence warns Romeo that his romance with Juliet is rash and hurried.

His warnings are an example of Foreshadowing.

• Imagery • is language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching.

Queen Mab is described in great detail—she’ll visit you while you dream!

• Irony– Dramatic Irony

• is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.

For example, the audience knows that Juliet took a sleeping potion and isn't really dead. Romeo's suicide affects the audience even more because of this knowledge.

• Irony– Verbal Irony

• is when an author says one thing and means something else.

"Two households, both alike in dignity.” When you first read this, you may think that the two families are pretty dignified or honorable. As the play goes on, however, you realize that each family is violently competitive. They are similarly undignified.

• Situational Irony • is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual results.

Shakespeare's play, the young lovers do end up spending eternity together, but not in the way the audience had hoped.

• Monologue • A long speech made by one person.

• Soliloquy • A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a listener.

Juliet speaks to the audience about her love of Romeo from outside of her balcony ; she doesn’t know that he is listening in!

• Aside • A piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage.

Romeo listens in on Juliet while she talks on the balcony and talks to the audience (or himself) about whether he should reveal himself to her or continue to eavesdrop!

• Stage Action • the stage direction is entered into the dialogue.

Rapper’s Delight: hip hop a hippie a hippie To the hip

hip

• Sonnet • a poem, properly expressive of a single, complete thought, idea, or sentiment, of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, with rhymes arranged according to one of certain definite schemes.

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Show me your GRILLE, Shakespeare!!!!!

• Rhyme Scheme • is rhymed words at the ends of lines.

My name is Jay-Z

And now you can see

How I rhyme like a bee!

Zoom, Zoom, STING!

• Quatrain • is a stanza or poem of four lines, usually with alternate rhymes.

Tyger! Tyger! burning bright

In the forests of the night,

What immortal hand or eye

Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

• Heroic Couplet • is a stanza consisting of two rhyming lines

You wait a couple months then you gon' see You'll never find nobody better than me

• Blank Verse • is a line of poetry that doesn’t rhyme.

How could you be so Dr. Evil, you bringin' out a side of me that I dont know... I decided we weren't gon' speak

• Alliteration

• Assonance

• Consonance

• is the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words.

• is the repetition of vowel sounds but not consonant sounds.

• is the repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels.

I said a hip hop a hippie a hippieTo the hip hip hop, a you don't stopThe rockin' till the bang man woogie say up jumped the boogie to the rhythm of the boogity beat

• Pun • is the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound.

Yo, Tiger: When drinking, don't drivedrive. Don't even putt !!

• Metaphor

• Simile

• is the comparison of two unlike things using the verb "to be" and not using like or as.

• is the comparison of two unlike things using like or as.

All right stop, Collaborate and listen Ice is back with my brand new invention Something grabs a hold of me tightly Flow like a harpoon daily and nightly Will it ever stop? Yo! I don't know Turn off the lights and I'll glow To the extreme I rock a mic like a vandal Light up a stage and watch me jump like a candle.

• Personification • is giving human qualities to animals or objects.

My bling was a talkin’And was a walkin’My gold was a showin’And they was a known’That my moneys be talkin’

• Oxymoron • is putting two contradictory words together.

She was an open secret;

Giving freezer burn to me

I was the living dead underneath

Yo, SHE HURT ME TOO GOOD!!!

Romeo and Juliet

A Brief Introduction

• Romeo and Juliet • Written by Shakespeare in 1594 or 1595.

• The play focuses on the following themes: – Love and Hate– Age and Maturity– Fate – Dreams, – Omens and forebodings

(foreshadowing)

• The Play is a Tragedy:

• A narrative about serious and important actions that end unhappily.

• Play ends with the death of main characters

• Romeo and Juliet: Act I– Exposition • Establishes the

setting• Introduces the main

characters • Explains background• Introduces the

characters’ main conflict

A Very Brief Plot Summary

• Act I – Shakespeare establishes an on-going feud between two families, the Montagues and Capulets.

• Juliet’s father decides that even though Juliet is only 13 it is time to find her a husband.

• Romeo (a Montague) and Juliet ( A Capulet) meet and fall in love.

• Act I– Overview

–

––

• The Montagues– Romeo

– Lord and Lady Montague

– Benvolio

• Introspective; upset over being scorned by Rosaline

• Romeo’s parents

• Friend of Romeo; acts as a peacemaker; level-headed

The Capulets

• Juliet

• Lord and Lady Capulet

• Nurse

• Tybalt

• Sampson and Gregory

• Innocent; her hand in marriage is being sought after by Paris (despite her age only being 13!)

• Juliet’s parents

• Juliet’s attendant; crude and humorous

• cousin to Juliet; violent and hot-tempered; looking for trouble

• Servants to the Capulets

– Mercutio

– Paris

– Prince

– Friar Laurence

• Friend of Romeo and relative of the Prince; funny and outgoing; loud

• Holds rank of Count; seeks Juliet’s hand in marriage

• Upset over the behavior of the two families; vows that death will be the penalty if his streets continue to be disturbed

• Doubts whether it is wise for Romeo to seek out Juliet;

• Helps Romeo in his quest to marry Juliet, because he hopes it will bring the two families together and end the hate

• Two Households • Capulets– Juliet’s House

• Montagues– Romeo’s House

• Both Alike in Dignity • Both families are wealthy and important

• “Dignity,” however, ends up having a double meaning: they are rich, but we learn they lack dignity in many respects

• In fair Verona, where we lay our scene

• Verona is the setting of the play. It takes place in Verona, Italy

• From Ancient grudge break to new mutiny

• The Montagues and Capulets have disliked each other many generations

• The source of this dislike is unknown

• The two families have had their “grudge” renewed and have been fighting

• Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean

• Civilians are being killed in the crossfire of the families

• Civilians of Verona are fighting each other

• From the fatal loins of these two foes

• Both families have children (Romeo and Juliet) who end up falling in love with each other

• The word “fatal” points to the tragic ending of the play

• A pair of star cross’d lovers take their life

• Both Romeo and Juliet meet a disasterous end: both commit suicide