liquid dosage forms (part 3) solutions of high-molecular compounds. colloidal solutions

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS LIQUID DOSAGE FORMS (part 3)(part 3)

SOLUTIONS OF SOLUTIONS OF HIGH-MOLECULAR HIGH-MOLECULAR

COMPOUNDS. COMPOUNDS. COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONSCOLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS

High-molecular compounds are High-molecular compounds are the natural or synthetic the natural or synthetic

substances with a big molecular substances with a big molecular weight from several weight from several

thousands to not less than 10-15 thousands to not less than 10-15 thousands, thousands,

sometimes one million and sometimes one million and more.more.

CHARACTERISTIC OF HМСCHARACTERISTIC OF HМСNatural HNatural HМСМС

starch, starch, dextrin, dextrin, cellulose, cellulose, polyglucine, polyglucine, pectin, pectin, alginas, alginas, agaroid, agaroid, collagen, collagen, pepsin, pepsin, tripsin, tripsin, chemotripsin, chemotripsin, pancreatin, pancreatin, gelatin, gelatin, gelatinosagelatinosa

Synthetic and semi-Synthetic and semi-synthetic HMCsynthetic HMCmethylcellulose;methylcellulose; sodium carboximethyl-sodium carboximethyl-cellulose;cellulose; polyvinol;polyvinol; polyvinilpirrolidone;polyvinilpirrolidone;polyacrilamide;polyacrilamide;polyaethylenoxide;polyaethylenoxide;silicons;silicons;non-ionic surface active non-ionic surface active substances: spenes; substances: spenes; twins.twins.

Unlimited swelling:Unlimited swelling:

the process of transition from swelling to the process of transition from swelling to dissolution takes place spontaneously dissolution takes place spontaneously

Limited swelling:Limited swelling:

the process of transition from swelling to the process of transition from swelling to dissolution takes place under different dissolution takes place under different factors (the increase of temperature, etcfactors (the increase of temperature, etc..))

PROPERTIES OF HМС PROPERTIES OF HМС SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

The same with the true solutions:The same with the true solutions:Medicinal substances are refined until the Medicinal substances are refined until the molecule condition.molecule condition.During dissolving of HMC their solutions are During dissolving of HMC their solutions are formed spontaneously.formed spontaneously.HMC solutions are homogeneous systems (there is HMC solutions are homogeneous systems (there is no interface between the dissolved substance and no interface between the dissolved substance and the solvent).the solvent).HMC are thermodynamic balanced systems.HMC are thermodynamic balanced systems.HMC solutions:HMC solutions:

have the Brownian movement;have the Brownian movement; do not have the Tyndal effect.do not have the Tyndal effect.

The properties, which are The properties, which are different from true solutionsdifferent from true solutionsThe large size of molecules.The large size of molecules. The low osmotic pressure.The low osmotic pressure. The poor ability to diffusion.The poor ability to diffusion. HMC solutions haven't ability to HMC solutions haven't ability to dialysis.dialysis. HMC solution can be changed by the HMC solution can be changed by the influence of the external factors (e.g., influence of the external factors (e.g., due to adding of electrolytes, the change due to adding of electrolytes, the change of temperature).of temperature).

PROCESSES OCCURRING IN PROCESSES OCCURRING IN HMC SOLUTIONSHMC SOLUTIONS DUE TO THE DUE TO THE

INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL FACTORSFACTORS AND FACTORS, AND FACTORS,

WHICH CAN BE A CAUSE OF WHICH CAN BE A CAUSE OF DESTRUCTION INDESTRUCTION IN COLLOIDAL COLLOIDAL

SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

The coagulation -The coagulation -

is a process of integration of the disperse is a process of integration of the disperse phase particles due to sticking them phase particles due to sticking them together.together.

Salting out -Salting out -

is a process of the HМС isolation from the is a process of the HМС isolation from the solution as a flocky precipitate.solution as a flocky precipitate.

Coacervation -Coacervation -

is a process of the system’s delamination is a process of the system’s delamination into two layers.into two layers.

Gelatinization -Gelatinization -

is a special intermediate form of a system is a special intermediate form of a system being – jelly or gel – which is being – jelly or gel – which is characterized by loosing of fluidity.characterized by loosing of fluidity.

Syneresis -Syneresis -

is a phenomenon of gelatinization is a phenomenon of gelatinization happening inside the jelly, which can happening inside the jelly, which can reduce to a system separation into 2 reduce to a system separation into 2 phases: the concentrated jelly and the phases: the concentrated jelly and the solvent containing HМС molecules.solvent containing HМС molecules.

Rp.: Pepsini 2.0 Acidi hydrochlorici 5 ml Aquae purificatae 200

mlMisce. Da. Signa. Use 1 table-spoon 3 times a day during meals.

V = 205 ml; V = 205 ml;

Number of applications: 205 ml/15 ml Number of applications: 205 ml/15 ml 14. 14.

Hydrochloric acid 8.3 %:Hydrochloric acid 8.3 %:H.S.D. = 5 ml/14 = 0.36 mH.S.D. = 5 ml/14 = 0.36 m H.D.D. = 0.36 H.D.D. = 0.36 3 = 1.08 ml 3 = 1.08 ml

WCPWCP ( (reverse sidereverse side))

Pepsin 2.0 Pepsin 2.0

Solution hydrochloric acid 0.83 % (1:10) 5 Solution hydrochloric acid 0.83 % (1:10) 5 10 = 50 ml10 = 50 ml

Purified water : 205 - 50 = 155  mlPurified water : 205 - 50 = 155  ml

WCPWCP ( (front sidefront side))

Date Date №№ Pr. Pr.

Aquae purificatae Aquae purificatae 155 ml 155 ml

Sol. Acidi hydrochlorici diluti (1:10) 50 mlSol. Acidi hydrochlorici diluti (1:10) 50 ml

Pepsini Pepsini 2.0 2.0

Vtotal = 205 mlVtotal = 205 ml

Prepared byPrepared by (signature)(signature)

Checked by Checked by (signature)(signature)

Rp.: Solutionis Gelatinae 5 % 50.0Rp.: Solutionis Gelatinae 5 % 50.0

Da. Signa. Use 1 table-spoon every 2 Da. Signa. Use 1 table-spoon every 2 hours. hours.

WCPWCP ( (reverse sidereverse side))

Gelatin 2.5Gelatin 2.5

Purified water: 50.0 – 2.5 = 47.5 (47.5 ml)Purified water: 50.0 – 2.5 = 47.5 (47.5 ml)

WCPWCP ( (front sidefront side))

DateDate №№ Pr. Pr.

Gelatinae Gelatinae 2.5 2.5

Aquae purificatae Aquae purificatae 47.5 ml 47.5 ml

mtotal = 50.0mtotal = 50.0

Prepared by:Prepared by: (signature)(signature)

Checked by: Checked by: (signature)(signature)

Colloidal solutions are Colloidal solutions are ultramicroheterogeneous ultramicroheterogeneous

systems, where the structural systems, where the structural unit is a complex of molecules, unit is a complex of molecules, atoms and ions called micelle.atoms and ions called micelle.

PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

1. 1. A poor ability to diffusion. A poor ability to diffusion.2. 2. The low osmotic pressure. The low osmotic pressure.3. 3. A poor ability to dialysis. A poor ability to dialysis.4. 4. The ability to disperse light in all sides when examining The ability to disperse light in all sides when examining

solutions in the ambient light (the characteristic cone of solutions in the ambient light (the characteristic cone of Тyndal will be obtained).Тyndal will be obtained).

5. 5. Micelles in the colloidal solution are in random Micelles in the colloidal solution are in random movement. They are characterized by the Brownian movement. They are characterized by the Brownian movement.movement.

6. 6. Colloidal solutions are stable sedimentation systems. Colloidal solutions are stable sedimentation systems.7. 7. Colloidal solutions are aggregative and thermodynamic Colloidal solutions are aggregative and thermodynamic

unstable systems.unstable systems.

The protected colloidalThe protected colloidalmedicinesmedicines

Collargol Collargol (a strong-effective substance)(a strong-effective substance)

Collargolum (Argentum colloidale)Silver Collargolum (Argentum colloidale)Silver oxide 70 %oxide 70 %

ProtargolProtargol Protargolum (Argentum Protargolum (Argentum proteinicum) Silver oxide 8 %proteinicum) Silver oxide 8 %

IchthyolIchthyol Ichthyolum Ichthyolum