ling 388: language and computers sandiway fong lecture 23

LING 388: Language and Computers

Sandiway FongLecture 23

Last Time

• We started building a Prolog Japanese grammar …

Japanese Grammar

• Example:– taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita– (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite)

Japanese Grammar

• Example:– taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita– (john)-nom book-acc buy+past (formal/polite)

kaimashita

Japanese Grammar

• Example (scrambled):– hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita– book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite)

Japanese Grammar

• Example (scrambled):– hon-o taroo-ga t kaimashita– book-acc (john)-nom trace buy+past (formal/polite)

or..

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh

Q = question particle

whowhat

WHNP/WP tags following the Stanford parser:

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when

either the subject or object has value wh

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when

either the subject or object has value wh

We assume that the question particle ka is obligatory

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – Define 2nd argument for NPs with value notwh/wh– Add a new nonterminal sf (sentence final) that generates ka when

either the subject or object has value wh

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– dare-ga hon-o kaimashita ka– who-nom book-acc buy+past Q – hon-o dare-ga t kaimashita ka– book-acc who-nom trace buy+past Q

Scrambled wh-question

Japanese Grammar

• Example (wh-question):– taroo-ga nani-o kaimashita ka– (John)-nom what-acc buy+past Q is not represented in the parse

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions2. Verb morphology: • kau + masu + ta = kaimashita• (masu = polite, ta = past)• kau + ta = katta (informal)

3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl1. to use SQ instead S for wh-questions

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl2. Verb morphology: • kau + masu + ta = kaimashita• (masu = polite, ta = past)• kau + ta = katta (informal)

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl2. Verb morphology:

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?

Japanese Grammar

• Let’s modify j23.pl3. Yes/No questions:• Sentence-final ka without wh-word as subject or object• taroo-ga hon-o kaimashita ka• Did Taroo buy a/the book?

Japanese passives• Patterns:

– Object-ga V-passive– Object-ga Subject-ni V-passive

From wikipedia