library resources for el3208

Library Resources for EL3208 Bilingualism

Ruby SengResource Librarian (ELL)rubyseng@nus.edu.sg

Outline

• Introduction• Advanced searching techniques• Steps 1-3• Databases• More…

Introduction

The Research Process

Identify main keywords

List synonyms, related words & variant spellings

Create search statement

Search for sources using LINC+/LINC & databases

Get more sources by checking references

Are there enough? Evaluate quality, currency, relevance, etc.

yes

no

Complete your assignment

Topic

Information Sources

• Books• Journal articles• Conference papers • Newspapers• Theses & dissertations• Primary sources• Internet

Finding Citations

I want to find journal articles/book chapters on a topic.

Finding Citations: Use Databases

Method 2: search by name of database e.g. LLBA

Method 1: browse databases by subject

Note: Most databases do not have full-text articles

Finding Full-text Articles

I have the citation and need the full-text article.

Finding Full-text: Use LINC or LINC+

LINC LINC+

•search a field (e.g. title, author, keyword, call no.) and location/collection•good for known item search (e.g. journal titles)

•search many fields (title, author, keyword, subject)•good for browsing & discovery

Finding Full-text: LINC Journal Search

our subscription

E-journal publishers/ providers

latest issue In Current Journals

search for specific volume or year

click for complete listing of volumes in Bound Journals and Closed Stacks

Advanced Searching Techniques

Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT1. AND: both terms must be present

fewer results

2. OR: either terms may be present more results

3. NOT/AND NOT: exclude a term• use with caution

A B

cats AND dogs

A B

cats OR dogs

A B

cats NOT dogs

Quotation Marks “ ”

Use quotation marks “ ” for phrase searching

Example:code switching: 10,719 results “code switching”: 2572 results

Note:Some databases treat adjacent words as separate words (AND),while others treat them as phrase (“ ”)

Asterisk *

Use asterisk * for variant forms of a word & variant spelling

Examples:bilingual*= bilingual, bilinguals, bilingualismcolo*r = color, colour

Note:Some databases use other symbols, e.g.: $, ?, !

Parentheses ( )

Use parentheses ( ) for grouping similar or related words

Example:

e.g. (language acquisition OR bilingualism) AND adults

language acquisition AND adults

bilingualism AND adults

Steps 1-3

Step 1: Identify Keywords

Topic:Relationship between cognitive development and bilingualism in children

#1: cognitive development #2: bilingual #3: children

Step 2: List Synonyms & Related Words

•intellectual development•psychological development

•second language

• toddlers• preschoolers• elementary school students

#1: cognitive development #2: bilingual #3: children

Where to Find Synonyms

• thesaurus:printonline e.g. www.thesaurus.com

• databases:built-in thesaurus e.g. LLBA, PsycINFOsubject headings, key concepts, descriptors

• articles, books, etc. on the same subject

Step 3: Create Search Statement

Topic:Relationship between cognitive development and bilingualism in children

Search statement:(cognitive development OR intellectual development OR mental development) AND (bilingual* OR second language) AND children

Databases

DB#1: LLBA

• CSA Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts• >2,000 journals, books, dissertations, book reviews• linguistics & related disciplines in the language sciences

DB#1: LLBA

field: keywords

advanced search

e.g. thesaurus

sort by relevance or datemark record to save, print or email

citationcheck whether library subscribes to this journal volume & issue by using LINC/LINC+

DB#2: PsycINFO

• psychology & psychological aspects of related disciplines e.g. medicine, linguistics, business, etc.

• about 98% of the journals are peer-reviewed

DB#2: PsycINFO Basic Search

Basic search:•accepts natural language•do not use AND, OR, NOT, $, ( ), “ ” •includes related terms will search for alternative words•searches all fields

limits

link to journal in LINC

print, email or export citations

no. of results

related terms used

automatic ranking by relevance

All search terms are present and complete

All search terms are present, but some are incomplete

One search term is missing from the record

Two search terms are missing from the record

More than two search terms are missing from the record

DB#2: PsycINFO Basic Search Relevance Ranking

DB#2: PsycINFO Multi-Field Search

Multi-Field search:•Can select different fields, e.g. abstract•Can use $, “ ”

no. of results

automatic sorting by year

DB#3: JSTOR

• Full-text database for humanities and social sciences• back issues only• searching and browsing functions

various ways of limiting, e.g. by type, date

DB#3: JSTOR

Note: only about 10% of JSTOR articles have abstracts

click here to see the first page

download the PDF

DB#4: ERIC

• educational-related literature, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education

• books, conferences, government documents, theses, reports, etc.

• available via CSA platform and http://www.eric.ed.gov

DB#4: ERIC

limit to elementary education

sort by relevance

full-text article

DB#5: Factiva

• full-text articles from nearly 8,000 newspapers, newswires, magazines & trade journals

• no graphics and photographs• Straits Times: from 1989 onwards

DB#5: Factiva

go to search builder

type Straits Times & click on the button

put in your keywords

select Publication: Straits Times

sort by date or relevance

mark to view on single page, email, print or save

Other SourcesMulti-disciplinary DatabasesArts & Humanities Citation Index (via WOS)Expanded Academic ASAPPERINDPeriodicals Index OnlineProject MuseProquest Dissertations & ThesesScopus

Other Newspaper DatabasesLexisNexis AcademicNewspaperSG (1831-2006, watermarked)

Other E-ResourcesOxford English Dictionary

WebsitesNational Archives STARS (Speech Text Archival & Retrieval System)

More…

Recap

• use synonyms and related words• create search statement using keywords plus AND, OR, NOT, ( ),

*, “ ”• select fields e.g. article title, abstract• limit search by type (article, books, reviews), date, peer-

reviewed, etc• sort results by relevance

Quality (Relevance) vs. Quantity

Troubleshooting Search Results

You may encounter:• too many results use AND, more precise keywords• too few results use OR, synonyms/related words• many irrelevant results exclude keywords that are too general• no results check spelling, use more OR & synonyms, or redefine

your research topic

If you need help, check with your professor or ask a librarian!

Evaluating Information Sources

• authority: reputable publisher, society or organisation; author’s credentials & institutional affiliation

• accuracy: methods of research; means to verify data; support by references

• objectivity: biasness• currency: up-to-date• scholarly: peer reviewed, cited

Appropriate Use

• Library resources are mainly for your research and study• Use them responsibly • Observe copyright guidelines for photocopying and printing

- 10% or 1 chapter of book- 1 article in a journal issue

• Avoid excessive photocopying or downloading • Copyright violations may have serious consequences

Plagiarism

To avoid plagiarism:1. Jot down your sources2. Put all direct quotes in quotation marks, e.g.

“Both words and images can be evocative in their own ways and independent of each other” (Nikolajeva & Scott, 2006, p. 2)

3. Indicate the source even when you paraphrase, e.g.Vietnam is one of the region’s fastest growing economies (Rogers, 2008).

4. Create a reference/bibliography section, e.g. Nikolajeva, M., & Scott, C. (2006). How picturebooks work. New York: Routledge.

EndNote

A software that:• stores and organizes citations • inserts citations into a Word document• format references in a predefined citation style

For more info: http://libguides.nus.edu.sg/endnote

Technical queries (e.g. installation):call IT Care at 6516 2080 or email itcare@nus.edu.sg

Watch EndNote video

Getting Help

Phone: 6516-2029/30

Email: rubyseng@nus.edu.sg (ELL queries)

askalib@nus.edu.sg (general queries)

Walk in: information desk (CL, level 5)

Others: FAQsLibrary Instruction ONline (LION)Subject Guide

Thank You!

Download the slides: http://bit.ly/elslides

Bonus

Google Scholar

• aim: single search engine for scholarly literature • may include links to free PDF articles• good for quick research

However,• not all results come from scholarly sources• many link to publishers' websites which require subscriber login• use the proxy bookmarklet to access full-texts• note: only for resources subscribed by NUS Libraries

guide to using bookmarklet

myLINC

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