li-fi based blind indoor navigation system for visually impaired
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Research Article
May 2016
Special Issue on International Conference on Advances in Engineering (ICAE) -2016
Conference Held at Hotel Magaji Orchid, Sheshadripuram, Bengaluru, India.
© 2016, IJERMT All Rights Reserved Page | 82
International Journal of
Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-5, Issue-5)
Li-fi Based Blind Indoor Navigation System for Visually
Impaired People Syeda Mahin
1, Srikanth Kumar V
2, Amith Kumar.R
3, Sumera Banu.M
4, Sukumar.Sv
5
1, 2, 3, 4 Final year students, Dept. of ECE, C.Byregowda Institute of Technology, Kolar, Karnataka, India
5 Assistance professor and guide, Dept. of ECE, C.Byregowda Institute of Technology, Kolar, Karnataka, India
Abstract: Li-Fi (Light-Fidelity) is transmission of data using visible light by sending data through a LED light bulb
that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow.The term Li-Fi refers to visible light communication
(VLC) technology that uses light as a medium to deliver high-speed communication in a manner similar to Wi-Fi.
The Wi-Fi is useful for general wireless coverage within buildings while Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data
coverage in confined areas where there are no obstacles. Since visible light is present everywhere, the main idea of
our paper is to create internal navigation systems for the bigger areas to create automatic navigation for the visitors
who are visually impaired using Li-Fi technology.
Keywords: Light Fidelity; LED; VLC; Wi-Fi; Bandwidth; photo detector
I. INTRODUCTION
The Li-Fi technology can transfer the data through LEDs. It is a high speed and low cost wireless communication
system, compared to Wi-Fi. It can provide high security, large bandwidth, and low cost.
Li-Fi uses common household LED (light emitting diodes) light bulbs to enable data transfer, boasting speeds of up to
224 gigabits per second.
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi) is a bidirectional, high speed and fully networked wireless communication technology similar to
Wi-Fi. The term was coined by Harald Haas and is a form of visible light communication and a subset of optical wireless
communications (OWC) and could be a complement to RF communication (Wi-Fi or Cellular network), or even a
replacement in contexts of data broadcasting.Li-Fi can be considered better than Wi-Fi because there are some
limitations in Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi uses 2.4 – 5 GHz radio frequencies to deliver wireless internet access and its bandwidth is
limited to 50-100 Mbps.This technology has been proposed as a solution to the RF bandwidth limitations.
Indoor navigation is convenient to everyone and it is especially indispensable for the visually impaired. Li-Fi makes use
of a free, unlicensed spectrum and is not affected by RF noise. Moreover, most indoor locations would have a sufficient
amount of light sources and provide additional security since Li-Fi cannot penetrate through walls.
II. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
WORKING OF LI-FI:
Figure-1.Design of LED bulb.
At the heart of this technology, a new generation of high-brightness light-emitting diodes. Very simply, if the LED is
ON, user can transmit a digital string of 1, if it’s OFF then user can transmit a string of 0. It can be switched ON and OFF
very quickly, which gives instant opportunity for transmitting data.
It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker ON and OFF to pass different
strings of 1s and 0s. The modulation is so fast that the human eye doesn’t notice. There are over 14 billion light bulbs
used across the world, which needs to be replaced with LEDs ones that transmit data.
Mahin et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-5, Issue-5)
© 2016, IJERMT All Rights Reserved Page | 83
Fig 2 Working of li-fi
As shown in figure data is fed into LED light bulbs, it then sends data at rapid speeds to photodiode. The tiny changes in
rapid dimming of LED bulbs is then converted by the receiver into electrical signal. The signal is then converted back
into a binary stream that we could recognise as audio and video applications.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure-3. Block diagram for Li-Fi data transmitter.
High brightness LED which act as a communication source.
The transmitter unit is fitted to the wall/ceiling. In the transmitter the modulated information is transmitted through LED.
Figure-4. Block diagram for Li-Fi data receiver.
Silicon photo diode which serves as a receiving element.
The receiver unit demodulates the encoded binary data and give the response in the form of voice to the person. The
receiver unit consist a photo transistor which receives the information from the LED connected to the transmitter. The
information consist of location, and whenever receiver module comes in the range of that transmitter area than
corresponding location message is send to receiver is stored in the IC APR33A3 and processed further to initiate voice to
guide the person and vibrator motor to navigate the person which can assist visually impaired people at indoor places.
Transmitter Module – generates the corresponding on-off pattern for the LEDs.
Receiver Module – has a photo diode to detect the on and off states of the LEDs. It captures this sequence and generates
the binary sequence of the received signal
Mahin et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-5, Issue-5)
© 2016, IJERMT All Rights Reserved Page | 84
The HT12E encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications. They are capable of encoding
information which consists of N address bits and 12-N data bits.
TheHT12D is a device which does the reverse of an encoder, undoing the encoding so that the original information can
be retrieved. The same method used to encode is usually just reversed in order to decode.
The APR33A3 is a good standalone voice recorder or playback IC with non- volatile storage and playback capability for
340 to 680 seconds(5.6 min to 11.3 min). It canrecord and play multiple messages at random or in sequential mode.
IV. HARDWARE REQUIRED
The Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15
can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. The Mega 2560 board is compatible with most shields designed for the Uno and the former boards Duemilanove
or Diecimila.
Figure5 General Structure of Arduino atmega2560 development board
V. CONTROL SOFTWARE
Arduino programs may be written in any programming language with a compiler that produces binary machine code.
Atmel provides a development environment for their microcontrollers, AVR Studio and the newer Atmel Studio
The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), which is a cross-platform
application written in the programming language Java. It originated from the IDE for the languages Processing and
Wiring. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers unfamiliar with software development. It
includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting, brace matching, and automatic indentation, and provides
simple one-click mechanism to compile and load programs to an Arduino board. A program written with the IDE for
Arduino is called a "sketch"
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules to organize code. The Arduino IDE supplies
a software library called Wiring from the Wiring project, which provides many common input and output procedures. A
typical Arduino C/C++ sketch consist of two functions that are compiled and linked with a program stub main () into an
executable cyclic executiveprogram:
Setup (): a function that runs once at the start of a program and that can initialize settings.
Loop (): a function called repeatedly until the board powers off.
After compiling and linking with the GNU tool chain, also included with the IDE distribution, the Arduino IDE
employs the program avrdude to convert the executable code into a text file in hexadecimal coding that is loaded into the
Arduino board by a loader program in the board's firmware.
VI. CONCLUSION
This paper will emerge as a promising technology in upcoming era by providing the navigation for visually impaired
using LI-FI.
VII. FUTURE SCOPE OF LI-FI
1] Achieving seamless interoperability with other networks in a way such that it can be operated in the outdoor
environment.
2] Driving illumination grade LEDs at high speed.
3] Overcoming the line of sight.
REFERENCES
[1] Shubham Chatterjee, Shalabh Agarwal, AsokeNath, “scope and Challenges in Light Fidelity(LiFi)Technology
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Mahin et al., International Journal of Emerging Research in Management &Technology
ISSN: 2278-9359 (Volume-5, Issue-5)
© 2016, IJERMT All Rights Reserved Page | 85
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