lesson 3 organization of the human body
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Cell-Tissue-Organ-System
• Cells in multicelullar organisms are grouped together to form more complex structures.
– Tissue: a set of the same type of cells from the
same origin. – Organ: a set of tissues that come together to
perfom a specific function – System: a set of organs, each formed by different
tissues, which take part in one or various functions.
Specialized cells
• Cells divide by cellular division in a multicellular organism.
One daughter cell specializes and the other maintains the
capability of dividing, assuring cellular renovation and the
growth of the organism. Most specialized cells lose the ability
of dividing.
• It does a specific job
• It develops a special shape
• Changes take place in its
cytoplasm. E.i. muscle cells
(mitochondria)
Specialized cell
Highly specialized cell: sperm cell
How do the characteristics
of this cell help it do its
function?
ACTIVITY
Tissues
• Tissues perform specific functions because their cells are
specialized to carry out certain processes.
Different tissues
for different
functions
Movement
Communication
Protection
Secretion
Connection
Support
Reserves
Movement: muscle tissue
Muscle tissue
Skeletal : muscles
Cardiac: heart
Smooth: Involuntary contractions (stomach)
Striated muscular tissue
Skeletal
• Voluntary contractions
• Makes up the muscles that together with the bone produces movement.
Heart
• Involuntary contractions
• Makes up the muscle of the heart walls.
Striated muscular tissue
Smooth muscle tissue
• Involuntary contractions
• Makes up the wall of many organs.
Communication: nerve tissue
• Coordinates the function of all the organs • The specialized cell is a neuron.
Connection: Connective tissues
Loose connective tissue: It’s the fill-in tissue. It takes up the spaces between organs and other tissues.
Bone tissue: basic component of adult bones. It is the strongest type of connective tissue because it contains a mineral called calcium
Adipose tissue: accumulates fat in the cells and
contains a small amount of fibers.
Cartilage tissue: main component of embryonic
skeleton. In adults there is cartilage in joints, the
traquea, the nose and ears and between discs in
the spinal column.
Connection: Connective tissues
Protection: Epithelial tissue
• Covers and protects our body as well as our internal cavities.
Tissues make Organs
Organs make Systems
Systems The different systems are responsible for carrying out the 3 vital functions of living
organisms.
NUTRITION REPRODUCTION REACTION
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Excretory System
Reproductive System Sensory Organs
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Muscular and Skeletal
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