learning log write about how you think the earth moves in relation to our universe and solar system

Learning Log

Write about how you think the Earth moves in relation to our Universe and solar system.

–The Universe is made of galaxies–Galaxies are made of

many stars–Some stars have

planetary systems (similar to our solar system)–Earth is a satellite planet

of one particular star, the Sun

Earth’s Hierarchy

The Universe Explained

Expanding UniverseEdwin Hubble (US Astronomer, 1889-1953)-most galaxies have a red shift in the light they emit–This indicates that all galaxies are moving

away from Earth–The red shift of a galaxy depends on its

distance from Earth

red shift video

The Universe is Expanding

– The farther away the galaxy is from Earth, the faster it is moving away–All points in the galaxy are moving away

from all other points

Early Ideas of Earth’s Motion• Astronomers assumed

that the sun, planets, and stars orbited a stationary Earth, known as the geocentric model, meaning earth-centered

• Nicolaus Capernicus (Polish Astronomer, 1473-1543) suggested that the Sun was the center of the solar system- sun-centered or heliocentric model

• Galileo Galilei (Italian, 1564-1642) made many discoveries to support the heliocentric model through the use of a telescope

• Isaac Newton (English, 1643-1727) discovered the law of universal gravitation- which explains how the Sun governs the motion of the planets in our solar system

What continent were most of the astronomers mentioned in this presentation from?

Why do you think that’s the case?

If geocentric is when something is centered on the Earth, and heliocentric is when it is centered on the Sun, Eurocentric means something is centered on what?

Learning LogDraw the following table in your LL. Fill in the first column under the K

Essential QuestionWhat is the Earth’s place in the Universe and Solar System?

Know Need Learned

elliptical orbit

eccentricity

barycenter

heliocentric

perihelion

aphelion

• Prezi on the Universe

• Johanne Kepler (German, 1571-1630) demonstrated that Copernicus’ ideas were correct– Planetary orbits, such as that of the Earth, follows Kepler's 3 Laws:

Kepler's LawsKepler’s 1st Law: each planet orbits the Sun in an elliptical shape rather than a circle

• An ellipse is an oval shape that is centered over 2 points called foci, instead of a single point

• The Sun is one of the foci, and the other is the barycenter between the sun and its satellite.

• Bar (pressure or weight) ycenter- the balance point between 2 orbiting bodies– If 1 of 2 bodies orbiting each

other is more massive than the other, the center of mass is closer to the more massive body

The shape of a planet’s elliptical orbit is defined by its eccentricity- a ratio of the distance between the foci to the length of the major axis.–Ranges from 0-1

• Kepler’s 2nd law: Imaginary line between the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of time

• Kepler’s 3rd law: Mathematical relationship between size of ellipse and orbital period

• Orbital Period-length of time is takes for a planet to travel a complete elliptical orbit (revolution) around the Sun. Kepler’s 3 Laws Explained.

Eccentricity• Earth’s orbit appears to

change between elliptical and circular orbits over the course of a 100,000 year cycle

• With an elliptical orbit, as the Earth passes closer to the Sun, the temperatures become warmer than normal

• When the orbit is circular, as the Earth is further from the Sun, the temperatures dip below average

Planets’ orbits in relation to the SunPerihelion – The point on a planet’s orbit where it is closest to the SunAphelion – The point on a planet’s orbit where it is furthest from the Sun, think (Away).

Orbital Period-length of time is takes for a planet to travel a complete elliptical orbit around the Sun, make one revolution of the Sun.

• Write an explanation of the Earth’s motion through space on a piece of notebook paper to be turned in. Include barycenter, aphelion, and perihelion in your explanation.

• Homework – Summarize your notes and create questions in your guided notes.

Exit Ticket

Three things you learned today

Something that “squares/makes sense” with your thinking

Something that’s “circling” around in your head

Universe Song